This article will explain why Russia annexed Crimea and is destabilizing eastern Ukraine. To do this, three different theoretical approaches on various levels of analysis will be used. It will be examined how far the expansion of NATO, as well as that of the European Union (Theory of Neorealism), was a motive for Russia's action. NATO's enlargement is analysed predominantly. In addition, politicalpsychological motivations of the Russian leadership are considered. But it is also analysed whether Russia's pure power interests have played a role (Theory of Realism). The focus here is on the Russian naval base in Crimea. It is necessary to examine whether preserving its fleet in the Black Sea was a motive for Moscow to annex the Crimean peninsula. ; This article will explain why Russia annexed Crimea and is destabilizing eastern Ukraine. To do this, three different theoretical approaches on various levels of analysis will be used. It will be examined how far the expansion of NATO, as well as that of the European Union (Theory of Neorealism), was a motive for Russia's action. NATO's enlargement is analysed predominantly. In addition, politicalpsychological motivations of the Russian leadership are considered. But it is also analysed whether Russia's pure power interests have played a role (Theory of Realism). The focus here is on the Russian naval base in Crimea. It is necessary to examine whether preserving its fleet in the Black Sea was a motive for Moscow to annex the Crimean peninsula.
Kada govorimo o suradljivosti bolesnika (engl. compliance), razlikujemo dva pojma koje hrvatski možemo nazvati ustrajnost (engl. persistence), te adherencija odnosno pridržavanje (engl. adherence). Iako se navedeni izrazi rabe kao sinonimi, obično se za njih rabi izraz suradljivost. Posebno je problem kod kroničnih bolesnika koji moraju godinama uzimati više lijekova, a istraživanja su pokazala da bolesnici na kroničnoj hemodijalizi (HD) uzimaju i do 19 raznih tableta na dan, te je njihova suradljivost vrlo loša. Ciljevi rada su: utvrditi postoji li povezanost dobi i spola s redovitim uzimanjem propisane terapije, utvrditi postoji li povezanost redovitog uzimanja propisane terapije s dobro reguliranim krvnim tlakom. Kao instrument istraživanja uporabljen je anketni upitnik koji je sadržavao demografske podatke o dobi, spolu, te standardizirani upitnik od 8 pitanja vezana za redovito uzimanje terapije, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), preveden na hrvatski kao Upitnik o pridržavanju terapiji (UOPT). Istraživanje je provedeno na 61 ispitaniku, od kojih je 28 (45,9 %) žena i 33 (54,1 %) muškaraca. Medijan dobi bio je 67 godina (interkvartilni raspon 58–74), a značajno su bile starije žene (Mann-Whitneyev test, P=0,004). Nije nađena statistički značajna razlika između žena i muškaraca u pridržavanju redovitog uzimanja propisane terapije prema MMAS-8 testu. Prema upitniku o pridržavanju uzimanja propisane terapije, njih 14 (23 %) ima nisko pridržavanje uzimanja terapije, njih 31 (50,8 %) ima srednje pridržavanje, a 16 (26,2 %) ima visoko pridržavanje uzimanja propisane terapije. Također, ovo istraživanje nije utvrdilo da postoji značajna razlika u regulaciji krvog tlaka prema spolu i pridržavanju uzimanja propisane terapije. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da postoji statistička značajnost u broju bodova dobivenih MMAS-8 upitnikom i pridržavanja uzimanja propisane terapije (P=0,001, Kruskal-Wallisov test). Kod bolesnika koji se liječe HD-om kao jednim od oblika nadomjesne bubrežne funkcije osobito je nužno redovito uzimanje propisane im terapije. ; When we talk about patient compliance, we distinguish between two concepts which may be called persistence and adherence, i.e. compliance. Although the said terms are used interchangeably as synonyms, usually for their use of the term compliance. It is especially a problem in chronic patients who have to take several drugs for years, and studies have shown that patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD) take up to 19 different tablets a day, and their compliance is very bad. The objectives of this paper are: to determine whether there is a correlation between age and sex with a regular taking of prescribed therapy, to determine whether there is a connection between regular taking of prescribed therapy with well-controlled blood pressure. The survey instrument used was a questionnaire containing demographic information on age, sex, education, and the standardized questionnaire containing eight questions related to the regular use of therapy, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), translated into Croatian. The study was conducted on 61 subjects, of whom 28 (45.9%) women and 33 (54.1%) men. The median age was 67 years (interquartile range 58-74), and women were significantly older (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.004). There was no statistically significant difference between women and men in compliance with the regular intake of prescribed therapy according to MMAS-8 test. According to the questionnaire on compliance of taking the prescribed therapy, 14 of them (23%) showed a low adherence to treatment, 31 (50.8%) sowed moderate adherence, and 16 (26.2%) showed a high compliance to taking the prescribed therapy. Furthermore, this study did not find that there is a significant difference in blood pressure regulation by sex and compliance with taking the prescribed therapy. During the research it has been found that there is statistical significance in a number of points obtained by the MMAS-8 questionnaire and compliance with taking prescribed therapy (P = 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). In patients treated with HD as a form of replacement of renal function, regular taking of prescribed treatment is especially important.
U radu se analiziraju 134 javne politike cjeloživotnog učenja (CU) u devet zemalja uključenih u projekt 'Javne politike koje podržavaju mlade u njihovom životnom putu - Komparativna analiza cjeloživotnog učenja i uključivanja u obrazovanje i rad u Europi' (YOUNG_ADULLLT) koji je razvijen u okviru EU okvirnog programa za istraživanje i inovacije HORIZON 2020. Analiza javnih politika cjeloživotnog učenja se temelji na tri teorijska koncepta – kulturna politička ekonomija, teorija životnog puta i upravljanje. Ciljevi analize se odnose na utvrđivanje procedura formuliranja i implementacije politika CU u pojedinim državama, analizu njihovih specifičnih ciljeva i stupanj koordinacije obrazovnih politika, politika socijalne zaštite i tržišta rada. Analiza pokazuje razlike među zemljama s obzirom na navedene ciljeve koje su posljedica različitih društvenih i ekonomskih okolnosti. Procedure formuliranja politika kreću se od centraliziranih do decentraliziranih. Ciljevi javnih politika cjeloživotnog učenja su trostruki – obrazovni, ekonomski i socijalni, pri čemu njihova zastupljenost varira od zemlje do zemlje. Razine i mehanizmi koordinacije cjeloživotnog učenja također nisu istovjetni te su prepoznate razlike među zemljama s obzirom na centralno upravljani lokalizam, laissez faire i demokratski lokalizam. ; The paper analyses 134 policies which address lifelong learning policies (LLL policies) in nine countries involved in the project Policies Supporting Young Adults in their Life Course: A Comparative Perspective of Lifelong Learning and Inclusion in Education and Work in Europe (YOUNG_ADULLLT, HORIZON 2020). The analysis is based on three theoretical concepts - cultural political economy, life course theory and governance. The objective of the analysis is to determine the ways in which the LLL policies for youth are formulated and implemented in educational, economic and social sectors. The analysis shows the differences between the countries with regard to the stated goals that are a result of different social and economic circumstances. Policy formulation policies range from centralized to decentralized. The objectives of policies are threefold - educational, economic and social, with their representation varying from country to country. The levels and mechanisms of lifelong learning coordination also show the differences between countries with regard to centrally managed localism, laissez faire and democratic localism.
Prikazanom studijom istražene su koncentracije elemenata u tragovima u mišićima ili cijelim uzorcima 37 riba i rakova sakupljenim mrežama stajačicama u slatkovodnim (Olomore), morskim (Eti osa) i boćatim vodama nigerijskih država Ogun i Lagos, od lipnja do kolovoza 2013. Elementi u tragovima utvrđeni su pomoću ICP-MS nakon digestije u mikrovalnom autoklavnom sustavu. Razultati su otkrili kako je opći trend elemenata u tragovima u uzorkovanim ribama i rakovima morski > boćati > slatkovodni. Uzimajući u obzir sve uzorke, 16,2% i 13,5% prekoračilo je granice bakra i cinka (20 µg g-1 i 30 µg g-1), propisane od strane Europske Unije, dok je 71%, 50%, 79% morskih, slatkovodnih i boćatih uzoraka prekoračilo granicu od 48mg željeza na 60kg čovjeka, koju je postavila FAO/WHO. Uzorci su premašili prihvatljivu granicu postavljenu od strane FAO/WHO, čime je dokazano kako je potrebno uložiti trud u monitoring otpadnih voda koje se ispuštaju u otvorene vode Nigerije. ; Present study investigated trace element concentrations in either muscles or whole samples of 37 finfish and crustaceans harvested with gillnet from fresh (Olomore), marine (Eti osa) and brackish (Lekki Lagoon) waters of Ogun and Lagos states, Nigeria between June and August 2013. Trace elements were determined using ICP-MS after digestion with a microwave autoclave system. The results revealed that the general trend of trace elements in the sampled finfish and crustaceans was marine > brackish > freshwater. If all the samples are considered, 16.2% and 13.5% exceeded the 20 µg g-1 and 30 µg g-1 limits for Cu and Zn, respectively, as set by the European Union, while 71%, 50%, 79% of marine, fresh and brackish samples, respectively, exceeded the limit of 48 mg Fe per 60 kg person as set by FAO/WHO. In addition, samples exceeded the acceptable limit set by WHO/FAO, thus adequate efforts should be placed on the monitoring of effluents that are being discharged into open water bodies in Nigeria.
The concept of new information technologies of modifications & processing information is taking on new proportions. The new possibilities in data processing have had far-reaching consequences. Relations in certain human activities as well as in the society on the whole have been changing. Today it would be possible to ensure such an interaction in which an individual & a group have equal opportunities to participate in all aspects of communal life. The pronounced political illusionism has created a wider gap between the real & the virtual. The information-based production requires greater interaction than in the previous, industrial era. Adapted from the source document.
The concept of new information technologies of modifications & processing information is taking on new proportions. The new possibilities in data processing have had far-reaching consequences. Relations in certain human activities as well as in the society on the whole have been changing. Today it would be possible to ensure such an interaction in which an individual & a group have equal opportunities to participate in all aspects of communal life. The pronounced political illusionism has created a wider gap between the real & the virtual. The information-based production requires greater interaction than in the previous, industrial era. Adapted from the source document.
Taking an action by the international community, individual states or their organizations with the aim of protecting citizens in some country from the tyranny of their own authorities has been defined as a humanitarian intervention. According to international law the use of power as an instrument in international relations is, however, prohibited & therefore, any approach to humanitarian intervention is stretched out between the challenges of moral responsibility & limitations of legislature. The subject of discussion in this article is the legislative aspect of humanitarian intervention by force. The research is focused on law & legitimating of humanitarian intervention by force without the United Nations Security Council approval. References. Adapted from the source document.
Taking up Freud's positions on economy and mourning where they depend on the contact they organize with melancholia, Jukic proposes a critical reading of Jacques Derrida's assemblage of mourning and economy in Specters of Marx: the State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International. Given the fact that melancholia in Freud calls into question what psychoanalysis wants to define as economy, yet is conspicuously absent from Derrida's otherwise Freudian configuration of the work-and-economy of mourning in his book on Marx, Jukic addresses Freud's approach to work in "Trauer und Melancholie" and proposes that work in Marx be analyzed not against mourning but against Freudian and, more importantly still, pre-Freudian configurations of melancholia. Adapted from the source document.
Taking as his starting point the fact that without opposition there is no democracy, the author lists essential & sufficient conditions for the establishment of democracy in Croatia. Instead of the definition that democracy means decision making by the majority, the author proposes the definition of democracy as decision making by the majority, which takes into consideration the opinion of the minority. Such a type of democracy is called "consensual" & is particularly significant in a multinational & socially polarized society. The author distinguishes three ideal types of democracy: political, social, & economic. On the basis of such theoretical observations, he proposes measures for overcoming the conflicts & for increasing the efficacy of the functioning of the Croatian Parliament. Adapted from the source document.
The author analyses the major changes to the political ideology & policy platform of the stateless nation's movement in Western European postindustrial states, taking the Scottish National Party as an special example. The analysis starts with the evolution of the Anglo-Scottish relations beginning from the creation of Union of English & Scottish kingdoms by the Act of Union in 1707. Author then presents the contemporary relationship between these two provinces of the United Kingdom. He stresses that since 1990s, the Scottish national movement have been pursuing the 'silent constitutional revolution' of this multinational community, which means using the most of globalization, the European integration process, & the so called devolution, to maximize the autonomy of Scotland within the United Kingdom. References. Adapted from the source document.
Početak razvoja Kliničkoga bolničkog centra u Osijeku vezanje uz Huttler Kohlhoffer Monspergerovu zakladnu bolnicu, osnovanu 1874. godine, koja je tada bila najmodernija bolnica na jugoistoku Europe. Naredbom Vlade 1895. godine postaje "Sveobća i javna Huttler Kohlhoffer-Monspergerova zakladna bolnica pod Zemaljskom upravom u Osieku". U vrijeme Prvoga svjetskog rata Zakladna bolnica skrbi o ranjenima i bolesnima. Poslije Prvoga svjetskog rata otvaraju se novi bolnički odjeli. Osim Kirurgije i Interne medicine, novi su odjeli Oftalmologija, Otorinolaringologija, Dermatovenerologija, Epidemiološkohigijenski zavod i Dispanzer za tuberkulozu. Daljnji razvoj prekinuo je Drugi svjetski rat. U teškim prilikama razvijen je poseban način medicinskoga rada, osobito u pogledu zbrinjavanja ranjenika i bolesnika, poduzimanja protuepidemijskih mjera, medicinskog opskrbljivanja i si. Nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata obnavlja se Opća bolnica Osijek i započinje moderan ustroj kao temelj razvoja buduće kliničke bolnice. U razdoblju 1980. - 1990. godine provode se stručna usavršavanja na svim područjima, objavljuju se brojni znanstveni i stručni radovi, razvija izdavačka djelatnost, što pridonosi stvaranju obrazovno nastavne djelatnosti i znanstveno-istraživačkoga rada. Posebno treba istaknuti razdoblje Domovinskoga rata u kojem je bolnica časno izvršila sve svoje zadaće u liječenju ranjenih i bolesnih. Stoga joj je dodijeljena nagrada "Medicina . Godine 1992. stekla je naslov Klinička bolnica Osijek. Daljnjim razvojem, izgradnjom, opremanjem i napredovanjem djelatnika u znanstvena, nastavna, znanstveno nastavna i stručna zvanja, 2009. godine postaje Klinički bolnički centar. Klinike i odjeli Kliničkoga bolničkog centra u Osijeku nastavna su baza Medicinskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku. ; Beginnings of the University Hospital Centre in Osijek were related to Huttler Kohlhoffer Monsperger Foundation Hospital, which was founded in 1874 and was the most modern hospital in the south-east Europe at the time. By the Government legislation in 1895 it became "General and public Huttler Kohlhoffer Monsperger Foundation Hospital under Country's management in Osiek". Foundation hospital was taking care of the wounded and sick during the World War 1. New hospital departments were opened after the World War I. Apart from Surgery and Internal Department; new departments were Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Dermatovenereology, Epidemiological and Hygienic Institute and Tuberculosis Clinic. Further development was interrupted by the World War II. A special way of performing medical work developed in those hard times, especially regarding taking care of the wounded and sick, taking epidemic precaution measures, medical supplying, etc. After the World War II General Hospital Osijek was renovated and modern organization began, which was a basis for development of the future university hospital. In the period 1980 - 1990 professional educations in all areas were implemented, many scientific and professional papers were published, publishing developed, what contributed to creating educational and teaching activities, as well as scientific and research work. Period of the War for Croatian Independence, in which the hospital honourably performed all its duties regarding treating wounded and sick, especially needs to be pointed out. For those activities it was rewarded with "Medicine" reward. In 1992 it became University Hospital Osijek. By further development, construction, and equipment and by promoting its employees to scientific, teaching, scientific teaching and professional titles, it became University Hospital Centre in 2009. Clinics and Departments of the University Hospital Centre in Osijek are the teaching base of the Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek.
The first part of the paper describes the internal incoherencies of the International Monetary Fund and its consistent ignoring of empirical evidence. The second part offers possible explanations for this nonchalance. A Kuhnian perspective can explain it in terms of anomaly accumulation necessary for a paradigm shift. Richard Peets' explanation forwards a joining of Foucaults' concept of dominant discourse with a Gramscian hegemony. Alternatively, ignoring of evidence by the IMF may well be interpreted as part of a neo-imperialist ploy directed at exploitation of developing countries. Finally, a concept of anti-utilitarian nature of absolutely implemented ideology derived from the writings of Hannah Arendt can explain the functioning of IMF beyond the bounds of purpose. Taking into account these explanations, the possibilities of change of harmful behavior for an institution such as IMF are suggested. Adapted from the source document.
Taking as his starting point the methodological instructions of the American liberal politologist, Adam Przeworski, about the importance of the action-theory analysis of the transformational dynamics of postauthoritarian societies, the author looks into the prospects of liberal reforms in Eastern Europe. The central thesis of the article is that the reforms' success depends on the balance of power between the liberal & the national-populist elites, who vie for public support. The outcome of that struggle will depend on the way in which the competing elites will act in response to the five essential contextual factors: the need for economic & social security, the expectations of social justice, the dynamics of the integration with the West, the articulation of the national identity within a national state, &, perhaps, the existence of ethnic minorities (ie, the threat of interethnic conflicts). Adapted from the source document.
It had undoubtedly been the inadequate political & legal structure of the ethnic status & relations in the Socialist Republic of Bosnia & Herzegovina as well the unwillingness of the political elites to make a compromise that created a rather favourable potential for destructive shaping of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian social conditions. Immediately before the outbreak of war in BH (1992-1995) the preconditions had been created for a comparatively peaceful settlement of the unresolved political issues within the republic. Taking into consideration that the international community had assumed to act as a mediator its role could have been very important. However, with its "pre-war" position to BH it did not take advantage of the opportunities that were offered to settle or simplify the internal Bosnian & Herzegovinian political disputes, but, on the contrary, it contributed to the outbreak of war, its destructiveness & long duration, getting itself into a rather awkward position. Map, References. Adapted from the source document.
Dužnički financijski instrumenti su specifične zbog komponente dospijeća koju sadržavaju te stoga konvencionalni pristupi u procjeni njihovih volatilnost mogu biti neprimjereni. Rad je usmjeren na modeliranje i prognoziranje volatilnosti cijene dužničkih vrijednosnih papira uzimajući u obzir komponentu njihovog dospijeća. U radu se uzima u obzir ovisnost volatilnosti dužničkog vrijednosnog papira o njegovom dospijeću i predlaže jednostavna i primjenjiva tehnike procjene volatilnosti uz željeni interval pouzdanosti. Korištenjem predloženog pristupa u radu su provedene procjene volatilnosti dužničkih vrijednosnih papira denominiranih eurima kao i u kunama koje je izdala Republika Hrvatska. ; Debt-based financial instruments are specific due to the maturity component and conventional approaches in estimating their volatility may not be applicable. This paper focuses on modeling and forecasting price volatility of sovereign debt instruments while taking into account their maturity. In doing so we propose a simple and useful technique for obtaining the desired confidence of volatility estimates. The proposed approach provides price volatility estimates for debt instruments issued by Croatian government denominated in HRK and in EUR.
