Suchergebnisse

Résumé Cet article propose de suivre une partie de la littérature récente dans le domaine des cultural studies et des media studies qui analyse les mutations des formes de la participation grâce à l'utilisation d'Internet et des nouvelles fonctionnalités autorisées par le web 2.0. La notion de participation est abordée dans ce cadre comme une composante essentielle de la « culture numérique » qui se dessine à mesure que les pratiques de production et d'échange de contenus en ligne s'affirment et se diversifient. Cette forme de culture participative interroge les frontières traditionnelles de la participation politique en dépassant les formes classiques de l'engagement militant et citoyen pour se pencher sur d'autres formes de la prise de parole politique. Ainsi replacée dans un contexte sociotechnique et médiatique plus large, la notion de participation politique invite à reconsidérer certains des constats pessimistes sur l'engagement politique des citoyens.

Rice has become a primary consumed product in Benin. Studies have revealed it will become the most consumed cereal in west Africa within the next decades. Despite the resources Benin possesses favouring rice culture and the government measures to promote it, the household supply remains unsatisfactory when compared to the objective set by the country to reach food sovereignty. The present essay analyses the government policies in order to reach a sustainable food sovereignty through rice culture. In depth, exploratory surveys have been conducted among the rice farmers. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected through structured questionnaires and guided interviews revealing the comparative advantage local rice has over imported one. Efforts have yet to be made in order for Malanville rice famers to reduce their production costs and become more competitive. Education level, access to loans, rice farmers experience as well as their social status are the key factors influencing the implementation of new technologies allowing an increase of productivity. Rice production and food sovereignty should be attained by implementing simultaneously income support policies, funded fertilizers, climate-smart culture and ploughing by oxen. ; Le riz est devenu une denrée de grande consommation au Bénin et les études prospectives le présentent comme la céréale qui sera la plus consommée en Afrique de l'Ouest dans les prochaines décennies. Malgré le potentiel rizicole dont dispose le Bénin et les stratégies nationales de promotion du riz, l'offre domestique est faible par rapport aux ambitions affichées par ce pays de parvenir à la souveraineté alimentaire. Cette thèse vise à analyser les mesures de politiques de souveraineté alimentaire en matière de riz dans une perspective de sécurité alimentaire durable. Des enquêtes exploratoires et approfondies ont été réalisées auprès des riziculteurs. Des données quantitatives et qualitatives ont été collectées à l'aide de questionnaires et guides d'entretien. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que le riz local dispose d'un avantage comparatif par rapport au riz importé. Cependant, des efforts doivent être faits pour réduire les coûts de production afin de rendre le riz malanvillois plus compétitif. Le niveau d'instruction, l'accès au crédit, l'expérience en riziculture et le statut social du producteur peuvent contribuer à améliorer le taux d'adoption des technologies et augmenter la productivité. Une politique rizicole combinant simultanément une politique de soutien du prix, de subvention d'engrais spécifiques au riz, de culture attelée et agricole climato-intelligente augmenterait la production et permettrait de parvenir à la souveraineté alimentaire.

In many countries, the pattern followed by engineers (and supported by politicians, firms, international organizations and users) rests on two postulates: water shortage and potential water saving in irrigation. It results in expansive hydraulic improvements and leads to understate the importance of low-cost water saving agronomic technology such as direct seedling or laser land levelling. In spite of inefficiency, the narrative to legitimize such practices, including the accusation of "archaic" farmers wasting water, maintains and extends because of a wide consensus that suits many interests. It is not a question here of demonstrating the administration's mistake. Figures are difficult to collect, in particular recycling waters by drains and rivers (IWMI), groundwater refilling or lake evaporation. The point is to understand why uncertainty is not examined by specialists. Consequently, it is rather a question of understanding why engineers favour analytical indicators (plot efficiency of irrigation, conveyance efficiency in canals) meanwhile they dismiss synthetic ones (basin efficiency), which could contradict the water shortage-hydraulic water saving paradigm. Our thesis relies on the structure of the administration, in which specialized skills are bound by a vertical authority perpetually seeking scientific legitimization, the strong compartmentalization of services and high dependence from the political sphere. It is the ideal recipe so that an engineer cannot get all the elements of analysis for an irrigation system. This structure preserves the legitimacy of the high-ranked officials and the ethos or culture of technical expertise required in the country.

In many countries, the pattern followed by engineers (and supported by politicians, firms, international organizations and users) rests on two postulates: water shortage and potential water saving in irrigation. It results in expansive hydraulic improvements and leads to understate the importance of low-cost water saving agronomic technology such as direct seedling or laser land levelling. In spite of inefficiency, the narrative to legitimize such practices, including the accusation of "archaic" farmers wasting water, maintains and extends because of a wide consensus that suits many interests. It is not a question here of demonstrating the administration's mistake. Figures are difficult to collect, in particular recycling waters by drains and rivers (IWMI), groundwater refilling or lake evaporation. The point is to understand why uncertainty is not examined by specialists. Consequently, it is rather a question of understanding why engineers favour analytical indicators (plot efficiency of irrigation, conveyance efficiency in canals) meanwhile they dismiss synthetic ones (basin efficiency), which could contradict the water shortage-hydraulic water saving paradigm. Our thesis relies on the structure of the administration, in which specialized skills are bound by a vertical authority perpetually seeking scientific legitimization, the strong compartmentalization of services and high dependence from the political sphere. It is the ideal recipe so that an engineer cannot get all the elements of analysis for an irrigation system. This structure preserves the legitimacy of the high-ranked officials and the ethos or culture of technical expertise required in the country.

A contemporary museum isn't any longer a place that is only dedicated to collecting, preserving, and presenting the collections, but a place which is integrated into a network, as the studies of strategies of diffusion are showing. This is the subject of my thesis worked in the field of communication and information science with the title: "International diffusion of culture: the lending strategies of works of art and exhibitions at the National Museum of Modern Art (Georges Pompidou Center) during 2000 and 2007".The National Museum of Modern Art (Pompidou Center) is one of the most important museums of the world thanks to its modern and contemporary collections. The Pompidou Center does not only present temporary exhibitions, but also a range of other cultural activities: cinema shows, concerts, conferences and spectacles. Its collection comprises 60, 000 pieces of works of art which are borrowed by museums all over the world.Taking its rich collection into consideration, the lending strategies of works of art are one of the important drivers of the museum. The analysis of these lending strategies is crucial from a museology standpoint.The first part of the thesis deals with the circulation mechanism of works of art and the exhibitions in the context of international territories. The second chapter of the thesis looks at the circulation of cultural goods in the context of globalization. The last part of the thesis deals with the development of international communication strategies via the strategy of diffusion.That is how this work shows an international diffusion of culture via the lending strategies of works of art and exhibitions at the National Museum of Modern Art (Pompidou Center). ; Le musée contemporain ne se caractérise plus seulement comme un lieu voué à préservation, conservation et présentation des collections mais comme un lieu inscrit dans des réseaux, comme le montre l'étude de la politique de diffusion : celle-ci est l'objet de ma thèse en sciences de l'information et de la communication ...

Plan de l'article : - L'amour et la dame du Moyen Âge- La dame de la Renaissance : politique et culture- La Renaissance de la chasteté- Suggestions de lecture supplémentaires

Plan de l'article : - L'amour et la dame du Moyen Âge- La dame de la Renaissance : politique et culture- La Renaissance de la chasteté- Suggestions de lecture supplémentaires

This paper addresses the fundamental question of the impact of economic integration on the cultural & identity values of Quebecers. The authors evaluate if the impact of North-American integration has modified the cultural values of the Quebec society. Therefore, they analyze the results of several studies conducted between 1997 & 2000 to measure the support of Quebecers for materialist & postmaterialist values. The results indicate that Quebecers have a strong national identity & clearly consider themselves as North Americans. We observe also a growing cosmopolitan & international culture. However, & contrary to some European data, Quebec citizens with a high level of education, high income, & well-regarded professions are the most supportive of materialist values & continental integration. Therefore, the North American context seems to offer a different interpretation of the culture shift predicted by different authors. If there is a new emerging North American culture, it is the result of a mixed approach between materialist & postmaterialist values, with both the objectives of deeper economic integration & greater citizen participation in the policy process. 3 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

The article deals with one of the disciplines of Soviet linguistics called by its authors "social dialectology", but which, according to specialists in the history of linguistic ideas, could be seen as a precursor of the modern sociolinguistics. The article studies theoretical frames of this social dialectology especially by the point of view of its object, the speech of proletarians. The data and conclusions of this study can be useful when studying the history of linguistic ideas in the early 1920-1930's that would have developed in the same historical and cultural conditions as early Soviet literature.

This study proposes a reflection on the notion of power and empowerment in Armenian societies of the central Middle Ages, focusing specifically on roles and representations of women who were able, in one way or another, to participate in the devices organizing the life of their community. The idea is to comprehend the notion of power in a broad way, not simply as the sole fact of the domination of the dynastic aristocracy, but as a necessity produced by the very existence of Armenian society, at a given moment in his history.In support of this conceptual reflection, we seek to specifically make women's participation in these systems and the processes that drive them visible. With this idea that by shifting the center of our gaze in this way, the complexity and remarkable dynamism of medieval Armenian societies can be better seen. We want therefore to show that it would be wrong to reduce them to this history of sovereignties and its aristocratic elites.We propose to do this by starting from a global and almost serial approach to the documentation that we have gathered here from the collections of published colophons available today. This approach makes it possible to establish the chronological, social and territorial dynamics, which are then declined around portraits of emblematic princesses of the aristocracy in the sovereign sectors controlled by the aristocracy. Through the portraits of these princesses, it is a story of power in its sovereign dimension that we seek to complete. To this is added a history of power in its governmental dimension, in the sense of the conceptual categories proposed by Michel Foucault.We consider here that the period which extends between 1064 and 1375 is that of a major transformation of medieval Armenian society, which at the same time sees the domination of the dynastic aristocracy fading within it, and the literate culture in armenian blooming like never before. The less Armenia there is on our maps, the more Armenians there are in our sources.It is also this apparent paradox ...

This study proposes a reflection on the notion of power and empowerment in Armenian societies of the central Middle Ages, focusing specifically on roles and representations of women who were able, in one way or another, to participate in the devices organizing the life of their community. The idea is to comprehend the notion of power in a broad way, not simply as the sole fact of the domination of the dynastic aristocracy, but as a necessity produced by the very existence of Armenian society, at a given moment in his history.In support of this conceptual reflection, we seek to specifically make women's participation in these systems and the processes that drive them visible. With this idea that by shifting the center of our gaze in this way, the complexity and remarkable dynamism of medieval Armenian societies can be better seen. We want therefore to show that it would be wrong to reduce them to this history of sovereignties and its aristocratic elites.We propose to do this by starting from a global and almost serial approach to the documentation that we have gathered here from the collections of published colophons available today. This approach makes it possible to establish the chronological, social and territorial dynamics, which are then declined around portraits of emblematic princesses of the aristocracy in the sovereign sectors controlled by the aristocracy. Through the portraits of these princesses, it is a story of power in its sovereign dimension that we seek to complete. To this is added a history of power in its governmental dimension, in the sense of the conceptual categories proposed by Michel Foucault.We consider here that the period which extends between 1064 and 1375 is that of a major transformation of medieval Armenian society, which at the same time sees the domination of the dynastic aristocracy fading within it, and the literate culture in armenian blooming like never before. The less Armenia there is on our maps, the more Armenians there are in our sources.It is also this apparent paradox ...

This study proposes a reflection on the notion of power and empowerment in Armenian societies of the central Middle Ages, focusing specifically on roles and representations of women who were able, in one way or another, to participate in the devices organizing the life of their community. The idea is to comprehend the notion of power in a broad way, not simply as the sole fact of the domination of the dynastic aristocracy, but as a necessity produced by the very existence of Armenian society, at a given moment in his history.In support of this conceptual reflection, we seek to specifically make women's participation in these systems and the processes that drive them visible. With this idea that by shifting the center of our gaze in this way, the complexity and remarkable dynamism of medieval Armenian societies can be better seen. We want therefore to show that it would be wrong to reduce them to this history of sovereignties and its aristocratic elites.We propose to do this by starting from a global and almost serial approach to the documentation that we have gathered here from the collections of published colophons available today. This approach makes it possible to establish the chronological, social and territorial dynamics, which are then declined around portraits of emblematic princesses of the aristocracy in the sovereign sectors controlled by the aristocracy. Through the portraits of these princesses, it is a story of power in its sovereign dimension that we seek to complete. To this is added a history of power in its governmental dimension, in the sense of the conceptual categories proposed by Michel Foucault.We consider here that the period which extends between 1064 and 1375 is that of a major transformation of medieval Armenian society, which at the same time sees the domination of the dynastic aristocracy fading within it, and the literate culture in armenian blooming like never before. The less Armenia there is on our maps, the more Armenians there are in our sources.It is also this apparent paradox ...

Research suggests that belief in conspiracy theories (CT) stems from basic psychological mechanisms and is linked to other belief systems (e.g. religious beliefs). While previous research has extensively examined individual and contextual variables associated with CT beliefs, it has not yet investigated the role of culture. In the current research, we tested, based on a situated cultural cognition perspective, the extent to which culture predicts CT beliefs. Using Hofstede's model of cultural values, three nation-level analyses of data from 25, 19 and 18 countries using different measures of CT beliefs (Study 1, N = 5,323; Study 2a, N = 12,255; Study 2b, N = 30,994) revealed positive associations between Masculinity, Collectivism and CT beliefs. A cross-sectional study among US citizens (Study 3, N = 350), using individual-level measures of Hofstede's values, replicated these findings. A meta-analysis of correlations across studies corroborated the presence of positive links between CT beliefs, Collectivism, r = .31, 95%CI = [.15; 47] and Masculinity, r = .39, 95%CI = [.18; 59]. Our results suggest that in addition to individual-differences and contextual variables, cultural factors also play an important role in shaping CT beliefs. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

International audience ; French information and communication sciences persistent backwardness about gender studies adaptation is first explained by the French university resistance in its whole, except for a few disciplines. Then, it's less a question of backwardness than a long time refusal that this article suggests analysing and bringing to light with an epistemological, scientific and pedagogic regard. The second part of this contribution develops the reasons why gender turn is an emergency and the means to reach it. ; Le retard persistant des Sciences de l'information et de la communication en matière d'appropriation des études de Genre s'explique, pour une part, par les résistances marquées de l'Université française dans son ensemble, à l'exception de certaines disciplines. Pour une autre part, il s'agit moins d'un retard que d'un refus prolongé dont cet échange se propose de mettre en lumière et d'analyser les origines d'un point de vue épistémologique, scientifique et pédagogique. La dernière partie de cette contribution développe les raisons pour lesquelles l'urgence du Gender Turn s'impose au sein des Sciences de l'information et de la communication et les moyens d'y parvenir.