Suchergebnisse

Actuality. Management as a phenomenon of culture and an exclusively unique object of scientific knowledge occupies a special place in the life of society. As historical development of mankind is complicated as organizational structures, as well as the culture of management and a set of theories that describe them. However, modern science does not take into account that radical changes in organizational reality occur not continuously, but during the bifurcation of civilization. A specific culture that arose precisely in such conditions is mechanistic management, the study of which is devoted to this article. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the culture of mechanistic management, the identification of the basic determinants of the genesis of this management culture and the formation of the main directions of its development in conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, historical approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, and the fundamental provisions of the theory of management. Results. The objective preconditions of the formation of a culture of mechanistic management are determined: European science and mechanism arising from the Newtonian picture of the world – the presentation of organizational reality as a machine, as well as atomism, rationalism and social Darwinism as a "natural law" about inter-species struggle; Protestant ethics as a justification of profit; political economy, which introduced the economy in the form of a machine operating under the laws of Newtonian mechanics; great scientific and technical discoveries, demanding new forms of organization of production. The essence of the article is given, comparative characteristics are given and prospects of further application of the main directions of culture of mechanistic management: scientific organization of labor and management are outlined; administrative management; the ...

The article considers the classification of legal culture by species, depending on the subjects, its carriers on social, group and individual, certain levels (ordinary (everyday), professional, scientific and theoretical) defines its functions, which are the basis for the specialist to perform basic and ongoing activities, that is, professional responsibilities. The functions are: legal support for the process of becoming a new statehood, development and transformation of legal reality (cognitive-transformative), value-normative, legal-educational, communicative. It is proved that the function of legal support of the process of becoming a new statehood is ensured in various ways, in particular, the formation of legal knowledge, beliefs, habits, etc., that ensure their legitimate, socially active behavior in the legal sphere. It is important to develop the skills of legal activity of citizens and society as a whole, to reform the entire legal system. The cognitive-transformative function of the legal culture of a society is connected with the task of building a rule of law, which involves those crisis processes that take place in the economy, politics and society. The value and normative function of the legal culture of a society is aimed at ensuring the stable, harmonious, dynamic and effective functioning of all elements of the legal system. This function of legal culture is realized by means of the norms of law, which are needed by every citizen for their successful adaptation within the state. The value-normative function of the legal culture of society encompasses a variety of phenomena and facts that are reflected in human actions, social institutions, etc. Educational function of the legal culture of society is expressed in the development of legal qualities of the individual. The transformation of legal prescriptions, norms of law into habit, into a natural regulator of the citizen's activity presupposes that they have been mastered by a person and have become his inner conviction. An important place among the functions is the communicative function. With the help of the institutes of society's legal culture, political and legal interconnection between the state and the individual, between all elements of political, legal systems, nations, social groups is carried out. Thanks to the mechanism of action of this function, the continuity in the development of the legal culture throughout the development of our society is carried out. These functions are interconnected and interdependent, complementing and enriching each other. They reproduce the real process of legal culture functioning. It has been established that the problem of the separation of the legal culture functions continues to be relevant and requires new research to be carried out in the context of analyzing the systemic links between the legal culture of both – society and the individual. Without analyzing the functional role of legal culture, it is impossible to understand its content and the patterns of development. ; У статті на основі класифікації правової культури на види залежно від суб'єктів, на суспільну, групову та індивідуальну, рівнів (звичайний (буденний), професійний, науково-теоретичний) визначено її функцій, які є фундаментом для виконання фахівцем своїх основних і постійних видів діяльності, тобто професійних обов'язків. Установлено, що проблема виокремлення функцій правової культури залишається актуальною і вимагає нових досліджень, у контексті аналізу системних зв'язків правової культури як суспільства, так і особистості.

The article considers the classification of legal culture by species, depending on the subjects, its carriers on social, group and individual, certain levels (ordinary (everyday), professional, scientific and theoretical) defines its functions, which are the basis for the specialist to perform basic and ongoing activities, that is, professional responsibilities. The functions are: legal support for the process of becoming a new statehood, development and transformation of legal reality (cognitive-transformative), value-normative, legal-educational, communicative. It is proved that the function of legal support of the process of becoming a new statehood is ensured in various ways, in particular, the formation of legal knowledge, beliefs, habits, etc., that ensure their legitimate, socially active behavior in the legal sphere. It is important to develop the skills of legal activity of citizens and society as a whole, to reform the entire legal system. The cognitive-transformative function of the legal culture of a society is connected with the task of building a rule of law, which involves those crisis processes that take place in the economy, politics and society. The value and normative function of the legal culture of a society is aimed at ensuring the stable, harmonious, dynamic and effective functioning of all elements of the legal system. This function of legal culture is realized by means of the norms of law, which are needed by every citizen for their successful adaptation within the state. The value-normative function of the legal culture of society encompasses a variety of phenomena and facts that are reflected in human actions, social institutions, etc. Educational function of the legal culture of society is expressed in the development of legal qualities of the individual. The transformation of legal prescriptions, norms of law into habit, into a natural regulator of the citizen's activity presupposes that they have been mastered by a person and have become his inner conviction. An important place among the functions is the communicative function. With the help of the institutes of society's legal culture, political and legal interconnection between the state and the individual, between all elements of political, legal systems, nations, social groups is carried out. Thanks to the mechanism of action of this function, the continuity in the development of the legal culture throughout the development of our society is carried out. These functions are interconnected and interdependent, complementing and enriching each other. They reproduce the real process of legal culture functioning. It has been established that the problem of the separation of the legal culture functions continues to be relevant and requires new research to be carried out in the context of analyzing the systemic links between the legal culture of both – society and the individual. Without analyzing the functional role of legal culture, it is impossible to understand its content and the patterns of development. ; У статті на основі класифікації правової культури на види залежно від суб'єктів, на суспільну, групову та індивідуальну, рівнів (звичайний (буденний), професійний, науково-теоретичний) визначено її функцій, які є фундаментом для виконання фахівцем своїх основних і постійних видів діяльності, тобто професійних обов'язків. Установлено, що проблема виокремлення функцій правової культури залишається актуальною і вимагає нових досліджень, у контексті аналізу системних зв'язків правової культури як суспільства, так і особистості.

Actuality. The technological revolution, the technology rapid development, increasing dynamism and uncertainty, a shift in societal attitudes make organizations to implement many different imperatorin. However, these transformations are not replacing hierarchical structures that accompany the organization throughout their existence. Contrary to forecasts of many scientists, about the inevitable demise of hierarchies in the new society, these structures will not disappear and successfully continue their existence. The question arises, why? Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is the disclosure hierarchy as a phenomenon of organizational culture and investigate their long-term use of society. Methodological basis of research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, historical, and cultural approaches to the study of organizational phenomena, the fundamental principles of systems theory and systems analysis, organization theory, management, psychology, sociology, and cultural studies. Results. The essence of hierarchy as cultural phenomenon and the basis of the control system. The paper discusses peculiarities of its construction at different stages of human development. It is established that the hierarchy is a contradictory unity of the various opposites (order and chaos, rational and humane, formal and informal, vertical and horizontal, rigid and flexible, authoritarian and democratic, elitist and egalitarian, etc.), mutual fight which is a source of continuous change and development of hierarchical systems, but can not be the end of their existence. Conclusions and discussion. The scientific novelty of the study results is to deepen the understanding of the hierarchies as a phenomenon of organizational culture, uncovering the causes, trends and patterns of their long-term use in the context of evolutionary development of mankind. Practical significance of the obtained results is in the possibility of their use in the organizational activities of the society and in addition management ...

Problem setting. The formation of the rule of law state and civil society in Ukraine is largely conditioned by the state of political culture, which emerges as an important component of the sociocultural image of the nation and at the same time as a structural element of the political system of the state, which determines the nature of the interaction between the state and citizens, the state and institutions of democracy. Recent research and publications analysis. The study of political culture belongs to the sphere of scientific interests of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. Problems of studying political culture were addressed by such Ukrainian scientists as V. Bebyk, M. Golovaty, L. Gorodenko, M. Dmytrenko, L. Nagorna, V Rebkalo, N. Repina, O. Rudakevich, O. Stehnii, M. Trebin, B. Tsymbalistyi and others. Important contributions to the theoretical development ofpolitical culture ideas have also been made by foreign scholars, including G. Almond, R. Jackman, L. Dittmer, R. Ellis, D. Fuchs, R. Lane, J. Lorenz, I. Lustick, S. Maerz, R. Miller, W. Mishler, M. Neumann, L. Pye, W. Rosenbaum, C. Schneider, R. Tucker, S. Verba, et al. Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to study the nature and structure of political culture, to consider the features of its typology. Paper main body. The concept of «political culture» as a subjective dimension of politics was introduced in to scientific circulation only in the XVIII century by German philosopher J. Herder and until the middle of the twentieth century it was view edrather at the level of world-view universalism ratherthaninits specific form sandmanifestations. Through the efforts of G. Almond, S. Verba, L. Pye, D. Kavanagh, and other researchers, the theoretical foundations for considering political culture were developed. In the future, three major theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the essence ofpolitical culture have emerged in political science. The first of these, including the time of its appearance, is an orientation approach that, ...

The imperial strategies and discourses of domination in modern Ukrainian culture, their manifestations in the Ukrainian literature on the basis of post-colonial and cultural-anthropological methodologies are analyzed. Integration and consolidation of Ukrainian national culture is an important state-building and globalization process. The very state of postcoloniality of contemporary Ukrainian culture demands new integrated philosophical studies of Ukrainian studies, including the emancipatory, decolonial socio-therapeutic goal. The questions of imperial strategies of domination, postcolonial discourse and globalization were covered in his writings by G. Grabovich, T. Gundorov, N. Zborovsk, M. Pavlyshyn, O. Titar, E. Thomson, O. Yurchuk. It is argued that the proliferation of an anti-colonial narrative is a definite step in overcoming the colonial heritage, but much more effective in overcoming colonialism is through democratization and the simultaneous spread of different types of discourses - postcolonial, decolonial, postimperial, anti-colonial, multicultural. Modern Ukrainian culture demonstrates both anti-colonial and post-colonial discourses. Socio-political and socio-cultural events of the last time especially actualize anti-colonial discourses, which is due to awareness of Ukraine as a former colony. At the same time, post-colonial discourses also demonstrate not only global but also national Ukrainian specifics. We see that colonialism in Ukraine, and, accordingly, the imperial resentment of the former metropolis with respect to Ukrainian lands, is not only a historical phenomenon, but a condition that determines and generates new conflicts up to an armed confrontation. In general, the texts of Ukrainian contemporary literature in view of the state of postcolonialism are classified into two types: 1) the type that focuses on the deconstruction of the imperial (postmodern post-colonialism), 2) the type that restores the Ukrainian national mythology (nationally oriented post-colonialism). The traces of the imperial are analyzed in the useful sense of the national-centered construction, and in the negative, when under the postmodern mask the cultural field of the Empire-Colony relations is restored. It is concluded that national Ukrainian culture will develop effectively only if the main imperial strategies are deconstructed and the main imperial myths are debunked.

The interest for production of energy crops, which biomass may be used as renewable fuel have been grown in 70 years of last century after dramatically rising price of fossil fuels. The energy crops growing have been also stimulated by environmental factors and approval some International political initiatives, like White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan and The Kyoto protocol. After some decreasing, the area of energy crops in EU and North America countries are stabilized. In Ukraine in the last few years there is a gradual increase of part of energy consumption of biopropellant from 1.3 % in 2008 to 3.4% in 2018 in the general energy consumption of country. As the most widespread energy cultures biomass of that is used as a biopropellant come forward willow, saccharine sorghum and miscanthus. However, the last years industrial plantations of power direction appeared the paulownias taken under growing. This arboreal culture is mainly presented by the artificially shown out hybrid of Paulownia Clone in of Vitro 112®. Paulownia it quickly grows tree that for today occupies the first places for speeds of increase bio the masses, the not demanding to the agrotechnics growing proof to illnesses and wreckers is suitable for recultivation of exhausted and useless for the conduct of traditional agriculture of soils. It is characterized a softwood that successfully can be used also in furniture industry, green mass has high maintenance of albumen confronted with leguminous cultures. Bio mass of paulownia is suitable for the production of bioethanol (it is possible to get a to 0.5 ton of ethanol from a 1 ton of dry wood) and fuel preforms and пелет (power value 4211.1 kkal/kg). Next to that, a paulownia is a melliferous culture from honey the productivity 700 kg/hectare of ecological honey, as during growing does not require chemical treatments. A paulownia can be useful to 20–50 years. After each the offcutss, that is conducted at any time year with an interval in 4–8, a tree grows. At the proper supervision in 7 it is possible to get a 240–350 m³ of quality wood from 1 hectare. Taking into account the features of growing and power descriptions bio the masses of paulownia her growing will be rational with the aim of receipt of high-energy bio mass and commercial timber, and also as a melliferous culture. ; Інтерес до вирощування енергетичних культур, біомаса яких може бути використана як відновлюване паливо, в європейських країнах виник в 70-і роки минулого сторіччя, що було пов'язано з ростом цін на традиційні енергоносії. Ріст площ, відведених під енергетичні культури, стимулювався політичними рішеннями на міжнародному рівні, а саме такими документами, як План розвитку відновлювальної енергетики в Європі та Кіотський протокол. Після певного спаду площі насаджень енергетичних культур в країнах ЄС і Північної Америки стабілізувались. В Україні за останні роки спостерігається поступове збільшення частки енергоспоживання біопалива від 1,3 % у 2008 році до 3,4 % у 2018 році в загальному енергоспоживанні країни. Найбільш поширеними енергетичними культурами, біомаса яких використовується як біопаливо, виступають верба, цукрове сорго та міскантус. Проте останніми роками з'явились промислові плантації енергетичного напряму, відведені під вирощування павловнії. Дана деревна культура в основному представлена штучно виведеним гібридом Paulownia Clone in Vitro 112®. Павловнія – це швидкоростуче дерево, яке на сьогодні займає перші місця за швидкістю нарощування біомаси, не вимогливе до агротехніки вирощування, стійке до хвороб та шкідників, придатне для рекультивації виснажених та непридатних для ведення традиційного сільського господарства ґрунтів. Характеризується м'якою деревиною, яку успішно можна використовувати також в мебельній промисловості, зелена маса має високий вміст білка. Біомаса павловнії придатна для виробництва біоетанолу (можна отримати з 1 тонни сухої деревини до 0,5 тонни етанолу) та паливних брикетів і пелет (енергетична цінність 4211,1 ккал/кг). Поряд з тим, павлонія є медоносною культурою з медопродуктивністю 700 кг/га екологічного меду, оскільки під час вирощування не вимагає хімічних обробок. Павловнія може бути корисною до 20–50 років. Після кожної обрізки, яку проводять у будь-яку пору року з інтервалом у 4–8 років, дерево відростає. При належному догляді через 7 років можна отримати 240–350 м³ якісної деревини з 1 га. Враховуючи особливості вирощування та енергетичні характеристики біомаси павловнії буде раціональним її вирощування з метою отримання високоенергетичної біомаси та мебельної деревини, а також як медоносної культури.

Article gives a review of studies devoted to the political culture of Ukraine. Author presents main theoretical and methodological principles of political culture research, describes its structure and main typologies of key structural elements. The diachronic analysis of political culture in Ukraine was performed on the basis of several Ukrainian and international sociological surveys. Political culture of Ukraine is presented in a comparative perspective with other European countries.The diachronic analysis of the political culture of Ukraine demonstrated that parameters described by a pioneering research in 1991 stayed practically unchanged during the next two decades. The comparison with other European countries reveals that according to the measures of the main structural components of political culture Ukraine holds the last place out of 26 countries. One may conclude that Ukraine demonstrates a fi rmly low level of political culture.The only shortly lasting exception was the period of 2004–2005 (Orange revolution), when due to the active political mobilization and protest activities, a temporary positive dynamic in all basic elements of political culture of Ukraine became visible. But even at this short period of time Ukraine did not reach to the mean level of European parameters of political culture. As our research demonstrated, in 2013 at the background of further deterioration of all parameters of political culture in Ukraine, we observe a rise of protest moods and readiness of Ukrainian citizens to fi ght for their rights in all possible forms. Which can be described as a fi xation of prerevolutionary situation, which exploded a few months later. Keywords: political culture, element of political culture, classifi cation. ; Наведено огляд основних досліджень особливостей політичної культури в Україні. Обґрунтовано теоретико-методологічні засади дослідження політичної культури, розкрито її зміст і здійснено типологію основних складових політичної культури. З використанням матеріалів українських та міжнародних соціологічних досліджень проведено діахронний аналіз політичної культури українського соціуму. Виконано порівняльний аналіз проявів політичної культури в Україні та в інших європейських країнах. Ключові слова: політична культура, складові політичної культури, класифікація.

Article gives a review of studies devoted to the political culture of Ukraine. Author presents main theoretical and methodological principles of political culture research, describes its structure and main typologies of key structural elements. The diachronic analysis of political culture in Ukraine was performed on the basis of several Ukrainian and international sociological surveys. Political culture of Ukraine is presented in a comparative perspective with other European countries.The diachronic analysis of the political culture of Ukraine demonstrated that parameters described by a pioneering research in 1991 stayed practically unchanged during the next two decades. The comparison with other European countries reveals that according to the measures of the main structural components of political culture Ukraine holds the last place out of 26 countries. One may conclude that Ukraine demonstrates a fi rmly low level of political culture.The only shortly lasting exception was the period of 2004-2005 (Orange revolution), when due to the active political mobilization and protest activities, a temporary positive dynamic in all basic elements of political culture of Ukraine became visible. But even at this short period of time Ukraine did not reach to the mean level of European parameters of political culture. As our research demonstrated, in 2013 at the background of furtherdeterioration of all parameters of political culture in Ukraine, we observe a rise of protest moods and readiness of Ukrainian citizens to fi ght for their rights in all possible forms. Which can be described as a fi xation of prerevolutionary situation, which exploded a few months later. Keywords: political culture, element of political culture, classifi cation. ; У статті наведено огляд основних досліджень особливостей політичної культури в Україні. Обґрунтовано теоретико-методологічні засади дослідження політичної культури, розкрито її зміст і здійснено типологію основних складових політичної культури. З використанням матеріалів українських та міжнародних соціологічних досліджень проведено діахронний аналіз політичної культури українського соціуму. Виконано порівняльний аналіз проявів політичної культури в Україні та в інших європейських країнах. Ключові слова: політична культура, складові політичної культури, класифікація.

The article raises the issue of the importance of preserving and increasing the national cultural traditions of Ukrainians, without which one cannot hope for development in the civilization process, because based on cultural and spiritual priorities, a full-fledged sociocultural environment with values is forming. The article considers the essence of national culture as a sphere of spiritual and material possessions that influence the communicative organization of people with specific values and norms of behavior.
The role of national culture as a potent factor in the deconfliction of Ukrainians in Ukraine and abroad is underlining. It is known that Ukrainian culture has been leveled for a long time, subjected to censorship bans and ideological pressure, especially during the Soviet period. Our culture has gone through a period of destruction, but now it is a time for national and cultural revival, opportunities for free choice and self-realization of the artist, time for renaissance and development of the ethnocultural heritage of Ukrainians, which is one of the priorities of national revival and preservation. The Ukrainian nation is modernizing, actively creating its cultural space despite the slowdown of the outdated administrative system, economic instability, hybrid warfare, and manifestations of military aggression by Russia.
The article examines the peculiarities of the creation of the cultural space of Ukrainians in modern conditions, taking into account the challenges of the globalized world and the threats of the "Russian world". Thanks to the state support and implementation of humanitarian policy programs, the consolidation of Ukrainian societies, and the unification of citizens of Ukraine and Ukrainians in the world around national values and priorities. The core of the unity of Ukrainians is the national idea, the preservation of self-identity, patriotism, and the establishment of the ukrainian nation in the modern world. The emphasis is determined on the fact that national culture has a great potential in establishing Ukraine in the world cultural space and is a consolidating factor in the political unity of society, especially in the current conditions of hybrid warfare and the struggle of Ukrainians against Russian aggression.