"A one-volume biography of Roosevelt by the #1 New York Times bestselling biographer of JFK, focusing on his career as an incomparable politician, uniter, and dealmaker In an era of such great national divisiveness, there could be no more timely biography of one of our greatest presidents than one that focuses on his unparalleled political ability as a uniter and consensus-maker. While Robert Dallek's Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Political Life will take a fresh look at the many compelling questions that have attracted all his biographers--how did a man who came from so privileged a background become the greatest presidential champion of the country's needy? How did someone who never won recognition for his intellect foster revolutionary changes in the country's economic and social institutions? How did Roosevelt work such a profound change in the country's foreign relations?--the focus of his book is on Roosevelt as a man dedicated to public affairs, a master politician who skillfully and cannily used the presidency to advance a remarkable national agenda."--Provided by publisher
In Germany, R&D subsidies are an important tool to support innovation in the private sector. This paper studies the welfare effects of R&D subsidies distributed through the German federal government's thematic R&D programs between 1994 and 2011. The analysis is based on a structural model of the R&D subsidy process which allows to estimate the benefits of R&D subsides to the German economy. The model takes into account heterogeneous application costs of firms and identifies the effect of the subsidy on the federal government's utility as well as on firm profits. Assuming a welfare-maximizing federal government, the estimated average social rate of return is 34% for Germany in the period 1994 to 2011. Thereby effects on firm profits are similar to effects on spillovers to the rest of the German economy. Besides results show that the subsidy rate decision in Germany remained remarkably stable over time, and that application costs as well as the marginal profitability of subsidized R&D projects are lower after the year 2000 compared to the years before.
La région de l'Ouest Cameroun s'est vue complètement transformée dès les années 1920 par l'introduction et le développement de la caféiculture. En effet, pendant près de 70 ans de règne sans partage, le "Dieu café" a marqué de manière profonde et durable les paysages agro-industriels de la région. En tant que culture de rente et plante identitaire, il a été à l'origine d'un important patrimoine industriel et historique. L'industrie du café a donné lieu à l'apparition de nouveaux modèles économiques, sociaux, politiques et culturels. Elle a conditionné l'aménagement du territoire, la création des usines, l'utilisation des machines, des objets aratoires et a rassemblé des gens autour des institutions fédératrices. La déprise caféière qui commence à partir des années 1980 et qui va mettre fin à l'hégémonie de la caféiculture fut un bouleversement pour toute la région. Ce travail envisage sauvegarder et valoriser grâce à la mise sur pied d'un centre d'interprétation, les traces du passé caféicole de l'Ouest Cameroun; RESUMO: Projeto de criação de um Centro d'Interpretação do Café no Oeste dos Camarões A região oeste dos Camarões foi completamente transformada, na década de 1920, pela introdução e desenvolvimento do cultivo de café. Com efeito, durante quase 70 anos de reinado indiviso, o "Deus Café" marcou de forma profunda e duradoura as paisagens agroindustriais da região. Como cultura de rendimento e identidade, tem estado na origem de um importante património industrial e histórico. O setor do café deu origem a novos modelos económicos, sociais, políticos e culturais. Este condicionou o desenvolvimento do território, a criação de fábricas, o uso de maquinaria, objetos agrícolas e pessoas reunidas em torno das instituições federais. O declínio da produção de café, que começou nos anos 80 e encerrou a hegemonia da cafeicultura, levou à rutura de toda a região. Este trabalho prevê salvaguardar e melhorar, graças à criação de um centro de interpretação, os vestígios do passado do café no oeste dos Camarões; ABSTRACT: The West Cameroon region was completely transformed in the 1920s by the introduction and development of coffee growing. Indeed, for nearly 70 years of unchallenged reign, the "God Coffee" has marked in a deep and lasting way the agro-industrial landscapes of the region. As a cash crop and identity plant, it has been at the origin of an important industrial and historical heritage. The coffee industry has given rise to new economic, social, political and cultural models. It has conditioned the development of the territory, the creation of factories, the use of machines and tools, agricultural objects and and has brought people together around federating institutions. The abandonment of coffee that began in the 1980s and will end the hegemony of coffee growing was a disruption for the entire region. This work envisages safeguarding and enhancing thanks to the setting up of an interpretation center, the traces of the coffee past of in the West region of Cameroon
The aim of this paper is to provide new empirical evidence on the most crucial determinants of success for firms applying for public R&D grants. Previous studies have been limited to firm level data and mainly tested how firm characteristics affect the allocation of R&D grants. Thereby, they cannot differentiate between firms that have applied for grants but been rejected and firms that did not apply at all. Our contribution is that we use a detailed database of accepted and rejected R&D applications and also introduce several measures of quality indicators of R&D project applications. The estimates show that R&D projects that are assessed with good or very good ratings are significantly more likely to receive approval; particularly for innovative content and novelty as well as to expected additional impacts on R&D activities. In contrast to previous studies, most firm-level characteristics (R&D intensity, labor productivity, cash flow, industry affiliation) are not relevant, indicating that the R&D funding agency does not discriminate among different types of firms. Consequently, applicant firms should focus on radical, new and innovative ideas in their applications rather than on minor improvements.
Due to the rapid growth of the market of scientific and technical products and the high level of competition, market appropriate solution becomes finding ways to commercialization of research products. The article substantiates the need for accelerated modernization of the Kazakh economy based on increasing the effectiveness of scientific research and introduction into industrial production of research results while diversifying the ways of commercializing R&D results. In this article, the authors analyze the current state of Kazakh science. As a result of the research, a new mechanism for multi-criteria selection of promising R&D results of scientific organizations has been proposed and a system of organizational and economic support for their commercialization has been substantiated. The results will be useful in the practical activities of both scientific and industrial organizations.
At a time when traditional dating practices are being replaced with new ways to meet potential partners, this book provides fresh insights into how are men responding to new ways of dating. Drawing upon original research, this book examines a wide range of contemporary dating practices that includes speed dating, holiday romances, use of dating apps, online sex seeking and dogging. It reveals the ways in which men draw upon traditional models of masculinity to negotiate these changes; but also, the extent to which men are responding by elaborating new masculinities. Through an investigation of the dynamics of heterosexuality and masculinity, this book highlights the importance attached to authenticity, and the increasing marketization and commodification of dating. It argues that in a post-truth world, men must also come to terms with a post-trust dating landscape. Combining rich empirical material with keen theoretical analysis, this innovative work will have interdisciplinary appeal for students and scholars of sociology, media studies, cultural studies, and gender studies.