Suchergebnisse

Due to effects of a continuous globalization processes, fierce competition, and rapid evolution of technological innovations, the business world is facing multiple challenges going through ever increasing changes in terms of technological, political, social and economic determinants. The nature, speed and quantity of those changes require an effective and timely management of organizations in order to achieve their strategic business objectives and attain superior organizational performance. Therefore it is important to recognize problems and challenges and shape a strategy to keep and maintain organizational success. Such a development has contributed to the significance and wide use of Management Consulting in the economy. The engagement of consultants in as early stage as possible can help companies to successfully cope with the problems encountered and thus protect their investments. The primary focus of this study is to explore how Croatian and Hungarian Management Consulting industries have changed in last decade identifying possible similarities and differences in terms of market and organisational culture in each country. Based on secondary research sources, evolution of administering survey to consultants and micro, small and medium sized enterprises in Croatia and Hungary, this study outlines position and development trends in management consulting exploring following questions: (a) what are differences between two management consultancy's markets?; (b) what are similarities in both markets?; (c) why do companies use management consultancies?; (d) what are major demand factors for business advisory services? In that sense, a comprehensive assessment of the maturity of the consulting market in Hungary and Croatia has been carried out, addressing the changes in consulting services and organisational culture in both countries. ; Zbog učinaka kontinuiranog procesa globalizacije, žestoke konkurencije i brzog razvoja tehnoloških inovacija, poslovni se svijet suočava s višestrukim izazovima prolazeći kroz sve veće promjene u smislu tehnoloških, političkih, društvenih i ekonomskih determinanata. Priroda, brzina i količina tih promjena zahtijevaju učinkovito i pravodobno upravljanje organizacijama kako bi ostvarivale svoje strateške poslovne ciljeve i postizale vrhunske organizacijske performanse. Stoga je važno prepoznati probleme i izazove te oblikovati strategiju za očuvanje i održavanje organizacijskog uspjeha. Takav razvoj je pridonio značenju i širokoj upotrebi menadžment konzaltinga u gospodarstvu. Angažman konzultanata u što ranijoj fazi može pomoći tvrtkama da se uspješno nose s problemima s kojima se sreću i time zaštite svoja ulaganja. Primarni fokus ove studije jest istražiti kako se u posljednjem desetljeću promijenila hrvatska i mađarska poslovna savjetodavna industrija identificirajući moguće sličnosti i razlike u smislu tržišne i organizacijske kulture u svakoj zemlji. Na temelju sekundarnih izvora istraživanja, evaluacije provedbe ankete među konzultantima i mikro, malim i srednjim poduzećima u Hrvatskoj i Mađarskoj, ova studija ukazuje na poziciju i razvojne trendove u menadžment savjetovanju istražujući sljedeća pitanja: (a) koje su razlike između dvaju konzultantskih tržišta; (b) koje su sličnosti na dvama tržištima; (c) zašto tvrtke koriste menadžment konzalting usluge; (d) koji su glavni faktori potražnje za poslovne savjetodavne usluge? U tom je smislu provedena sveobuhvatna procjena zrelosti tržišta konzalting usluga u Hrvatskoj i Mađarskoj, apostrofirajući promjene u konzultantskim uslugama i organizacijskoj kulturi u obje zemlje.

The paper reflects on recent developments towards authoritarianism and right-wing populism that have become apparent in a number of Western societies and aims at pinpointing possible cultural foundations for this trend. Using the example of the German PEGIDA movement and the wider milieu in which it is embedded, it identifies and describes a rapidly spreading culture of mistrust and discusses some of its political and epistemological implications. In a second step, the paper draws on Luc Boltanski's theory of justification in order to attain a better understanding of this political movement's specificities. It is argued that it is a quasi-violent refusal of justification which is constitutive for the movement in question, thereby transcending the reach of Boltanski's framework to some extent. In a third step, a closer look is taken at the epistemological paradox that results from the fact that a number of the PEGIDA movement's crucial points of criticism are effectively shared by a larger part of the overall population, raising severe problems for the question of sociological critique. The paper utilizes ideas by Bruno Latour in order to illuminate this paradox further and examine its consequences. It closes with remarks on the possibility to "reassemble" trust and critique as crucial but contested – and, hence, precarious – foundations of modern society. ; Tekst se bavi skorašnjim razvojem u pravcu autoritarizma i desničarskog popu- lizma koji je postao vidljiv u velikom broju zapadnih društava i pokušava da označi moguće kulturalno zasnivanje ovog trenda. Koristeći primer nemačkog pokreta PEGIDA i šireg miljea u koji je ugrađen, u tekstu se identifikuje i opisuje brzo širenje kulture nepoverenja i diskutuju neke od njenih političkih i epistemoloških implikacija. U drugom koraku, tekst se okreće teoriji opravdanja Lika Boltanskog, kako bi se postiglo bolje razumevanje ovog političkog pokreta. Argumentuje se da je kvazi-nasilno odbijanje opravdanja konstitutivno za ovaj pokret, te se stoga u izvesnoj meri transcendira okvir koji je postavio Boltanski. U trećem koraku, više pažnje je posvećeno epistemološkom paradoksu koji nastaje iz činjenice da su brojne glavne kritike koje iznosi pokret PEGIDA zajedničke za veći deo ukupne populacije, što dovodi do ozbiljnih problema za pitanje sociološke kritike. Tekst se koristi idejama Bruna Latura da bi bolje rasvetlio ovaj paradoks i ispitao njegove posledice. Zaključuje se sa primedbama o mogućnosti da se "ponovo združe" poverenje i kritika kao ključni, ali osporavani – i prema tome prekarni – temelji modernog društva.

Rad promišlja i prikazuje interakciju globalizacije i kulture kao sustava značenja koji reguliraju društveni život, odnosno na općoj razini skicira i analizira neke teze glede odnosa kulture i globalizacije. Globalizacija je društvena, ekonomska, politička i kulturna činjenica suvremenog društva, totalni fenomen. Ona je sveprisutna pojava današnje epohe i ostavlja upečatljive tragove svoje nazočnosti u svim prostorima u kojima se odvija. Osnovni aspekti globalizacije su ekonomski i politički odnosi koji se razvijaju između zemalja i regija i sve više čine okvir nekoj vrsti kulturnoga međusobnog približavanja u kojemu izvjestan broj istih vrijednosti prolazi krozviše zemalja s tendencijom prema kulturnoj jednakosti.Globalizacijski proces uključuje sve veći broj kulturnih elemenata, proširuje prostorne, kvantitativne i kvalitativne dimenzije kulture, a uključivanjem sve većega broja ljudi potiče aktivno djelovanje kulture. U prošlosti i danas dodiri kultura su se skladno prožimali, ali i iskazivali dramatične i često konfliktne oblike. Istinsko življenje trebalo bi biti međusobno razumijevanje i poštovanje, sporazumijevanje i ravnopravna suradnja jer smisao čovjeka ogleda se u humanosti. ; This paper represents an analysis and an account of the interaction between globalization and culture as systems of meaning that regulate social life. In other words, the paper provides a general outline and insight into certain thesis regarding the relationship between culture and globalization. Globalization is a social, economic, political, and cultural fact of modern society, an absolute phenomenon. It is an omnipresent occurrence of today's epoch leaving significant traces of its presence wherever it occurs. The basic aspects of globalization refer to economic and political relations that develop between countries and regions and that increasingly represent a framework for closer cultural contacts within which a certain number of the same values pass through many countries with a tendency towards cultural equality.The globalization process includes an increasing number of cultural elements, it broadens the spatial, quantitative and qualitative dimensions of culture, and, by including an increasing number of people, promotes active functioning of culture. In past and at present cultural contacts have harmoniously interfused, but they have also taken dramatic and often conflicting forms. True living should consist of mutual understanding and respect, agreement and equal cooperation because the meaning of man is reflected in humanity.

In the contemporary society, creativity is one of the most desirable abilities which an individual can possess in all the fields of human activity. On the other hand, educational policy and national curriculums marginalize the importance of art subjects in most countries in the world, while the advantage is given to STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, mathematics). Although creativity, according to many educational standards, is one of the key abilities, in teaching practice routine activities are still valued more than creative ones. However, it is the art subjects which develop creativity (constructive) potential within an individual, although this also heavily depends on a teacher/professor, on his/her methodological approach and abilities within the scope of professional activity. Therefore, we conducted empirical research in Visual Arts Teaching Methodology training and non-training primary schools. We expected that we would foster students' development of creativity through regular collaboration with university, problem-based learning of art and artistic language, inventiveness in creating art assignments and through increasing public awareness of harmfulness of stereotypical artistic expression. Among a large number of verified tests of creativity, Urban-Jellen test "The Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production (TCT-DP)", which is based on the activity of drawing, was selected and used in this study. We wanted to know whether there was a statistically significant difference between training and non-training schools in students' performance on the test used to examine the level of creativity. The level of statistically significant difference between the control group and the experimental group was determined by a chi-squared test. The research has been carried out in elementary schools in the area of the city of Zagreb, on the sample that included the students of fourth and eighth grade. The results of the research indicate that there is a possible influence of collaboration between the mentors and university professors and students of teacher-training college within the scope of Visual Arts Teaching Methodology course on students' creativity. ; U suvremenom je društvu kreativnost jedna od najpoželjnijih sposobnosti koju pojedinac posjeduje u svim područjima ljudskog djelovanja. S druge strane, obrazovna politika i nacionalni kurikuli u većini zemalja svijeta umjetničke predmete marginaliziraju po važnosti, a prednost se daje STEM (engl. science, technology, engineering, mathematics) disciplinama. Iako je, prema mnogim obrazovnim standardima, kreativnost jedna od ključnih kompetencija u nastavničkoj praksi, i dalje se vrednuju rutinske više nego kreativne aktivnosti. Upravo umjetnički predmeti u obrazovanju razvijaju u pojedincu kreativni (stvaralački) potencijal, ali to uvelike ovisi i o učitelju/nastavniku, o njegovu metodičkom pristupu i kompetencijama u okviru profesionalnog djelovanja. Stoga smo proveli empirijsko istraživanje u mentorskim (za Metodiku likovne kulture) i nementorskim osnovnim školama. Očekivalo se da će se redovitom suradnjom s fakultetom, putem likovnojezične problemske nastav, inventivnosti u osmišljavanju likovnih zadataka i osvještavanjem problematike štetnosti stereotipnog likovnog izražavanja utjecati na razvoj kreativnosti kod učenika. Između većeg broja provjerenih testova kreativnosti, upotrijebljen je Urban - Jellen "The Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production (TCT-DP)", koji se temelji na crtačkoj aktivnosti. Zanimalo nas je postoji li statistički značajna razlika između mentorskih i nementorskih škola u rješavanju testa kojim se ispituje stupanj kreativnosti. Stupanj značajnosti razlike između kontrolne i eksperimentalne skupine statistički je utvrđen hi-kvadrat testom. Istraživanje je provedeno u osnovnim školama na području Grada Zagreba, na uzorku koji je obuhvaćao učenike četvrtih i osmih razreda. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na moguć utjecaj suradnje učitelja mentora sa sveučilišnim nastavnicima i studentima učiteljskih studija u okviru Metodike likovne kulture na kreativnost učenika.

U pokretu avangarde Walter Benjamin uvidio je tendencije za prevladavanje jaza između društva i kulture te umjetnosti i života. Njegov esej »Umjetničko djelo u razdoblju tehničke reprodukcije«, zamišljen kao okvir za teoriju moderne u svjetlu avangarde, upravo je paradigmatski za razumijevanje avangardne umjetnosti i suvremene kulture te predstavlja svojevrsnu intervenciju, benjaminovsku politiku moderniteta (B. Kiefer). Sveobuhvatna teorija avangarde ne postoji. Ukratko ću se osvrnuti na poznatija tumačenja Petera Bürgera i Aleksandra Flakera, dok su za rad u kontekstu novih istraživanja avangarde ključno poslužili radovi Dietricha Scheunemanna, glavnog urednika niza izdanja nazvanih Avant-Garde Critical Studies. U centralnom dijelu izlaganja prikazati će se odnos Benjamina i nadrealizma, koje je Adorno opisao na sljedeći način: »Benjaminova namjera je bila da potpuno odustane od očitog izlaganja i dopusti da se značenje pojavi jedino šokantnom montažom materijala. Filozofija ne samo da mora uhvatiti korak s nadrealizmom, nego i sama postati nadrealistička.« Konačno, zadnji dio rada bavit će se idejom profane iluminacije. U eseju »Nadrealizam – Posljednji trenutni snimak europske inteligencije« iz 1929. godine, jednom od bitnih prikaza teoretskih, filozofijskih i političkih dometa i obilježja pokreta avangarde,Benjamin profanu iluminaciju predstavlja kao temelj i srž nadrealističkog marksizma. ; Walter Benjamin noticed in the avant¬garde movement the tendency to overcome the discrepancy between society and culture, and art and life. His essay The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, envisioned as a framework for the theory of modernity in light of the avant-garde, is paradigmatic for understanding of the avant-garde art and contemporary culture. It represents Benjamin's intervention, the politics of modernity (Kiefer). Wholesome theory of avant-garde does not exist. I will briefly examine interpretations on avant-garde by Peter Bürger and Aleksandar Flaker, while I will be relying on Dietrich Scheunemann's Avant-Garde Critical Studies to examine newer theory on avant-garde. In the central part of this review I will present relation between Benjamin and surrealism, which Adorno described as: "Benjamin's intention was to fully give up on obvious exposition and let the meaning appear only through the shocking montage material. Not only should philosophy catch up with surrealism, it alone must become surreal." Finally, in the last part of this paper I will be dealing with profane illumination. In Benjamin's essay "Surrealism: The Last Snapshot of the European Intelligentsia" (1929), one of the most important reviews on theoretical, philosophical and political achievements and characteristics of avant¬garde, he presents the profane illumination as the grounding and the core of Surreal Marxism

The war and political turmoil in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s had an impact on the creation of new cultural and political identities, but also mnemonic systems. In order to delineate the social dynamics we considered the changes that the spaces shaped during socialism as places of memory had gone through. By researching that process, the creation of the landscapes of forgetting is being analysed. The paper focuses on the Partisan Cemetery, a monument from 1965 in Mostar. It sheds light on the changes in spatial planning practices, but also everyday practices related to the memorial cemetery. In conclusion, younger generations of Mostar residents' narratives on the Partisan Cemetery and its (possible) usages are analysed. ; Ovaj se članak bavi materijalizacijama sjećanja kojima se pristupa kao važnim sastavnicama politika pamćenja. Naglasak je pritom na spomenicima kao objektima koji se proizvode u skladu s aktualnim društvenim trenutkom kako bi se poželjno sjećanje na odabrane povijesne epizode od nacionalnog značenja upisalo u prostor i učinilo dijelom svakodnevice. Komunikacija između materijalnosti u prostoru i ljudi koji joj pridaju ili oduzimaju značenje ključ je etnološkog i kulturnoantropološkog proučavanja spomenika. Temeljno pitanje koje se ovim radom problematizira glasi: što se događa s materijalizacijama sjećanja na onu prošlost koja, promjenom političkog poretka, više ne predstavlja jedan od simboličkih temelja države te, u novim okolnostima, postaje marginalnom i nepodobnom? Procesi koji se tada zapažaju u prostoru mogu se definirati kao tvorba krajolika zaborava. Navedena se pitanja osvjetljavaju na primjeru spomeničkog kompleksa Partizansko groblje, autora Bogdana Bogdanovića, koje je podignuto u Mostaru 1965. godine kao spomen na borbu za oslobođenje grada protiv njemačkog Wehrmachta. Dok je ovaj spomenik u socijalističkoj prošlosti Bosne i Hercegovine, u skladu s ondašnjom ideologijom, predstavljao značajno spomen-mjesto vezano uz Narodnooslobodilačku borbu, tijekom ratnih događanja u devedesetim godinama prošlog stoljeća potonuo je u kolektivni zaborav. Zbog zapuštenosti i devastiranosti, Partizansko groblje pretvara se u mjesto na kojem rez sa socijalističkom prošlošću postaje vidljivim. Dinamički odnos političkih strategija, spomeničke baštine grada Mostara i građana u različitim razdobljima promatra se višeglasno, pri čemu se nastoji prikazati kontekst nastanka, ali i suvremenog (ne)korištenja spomeničkog kompleksa. Iz toga se razloga istraživanju pristupilo primjenom različitih kvalitativnih metoda, pri čemu se primat daje terenskom radu: promatranju ljudskih praksi na samom Partizanskom groblju te intervjuima sa stanovnicima Mostara. Naracije mlađih Mostaraca upućuju na to da se ova lokacija može promatrati i onkraj etničkih podjela u gradu i državi te da i dalje predstavlja bitnu točku u mentalnim mapama građana.

The publication of the Max-Weber-Gesamtausgabe volumes, including his letters and a recent study of Hinnerk Bruhns, have revised the canonical view on Weber as a German nationalist. With a conceptual and rhetorical analysis of his essays Deutschland unter europäischen Weltmächten (1916) and Zum Thema Kriegsschuld (early 1919), I offer an alternative view on Weber's relationship to European politics. He defended the 'Westphalian' system of balance between great powers, to which he wanted after the end of the War to incorporate Woodrow Wilson's plans for a new League. Weber was a critic of German wartime policy, maintained his Anglophile sympathies, and saw in tsarist Russia the main threat both to the balance between powers and also to the European Kultur, to which he did oppose barbarism, not the Francophone Zivilisation. Weber supported the parliamentarisation of German politics and sketched in the 1919 article a proposal for new regulations of warfare in international law. Although Weber could not imagine the EU's supra-national Parliament and Commission as new elements in the balance of European powers, it would be plausible to advise, in the Weberian spirit, the small member state to strengthen these supra-nation institutions. ; peerReviewed

Estella Canziani's fairy painting, "Where the Little Things of the Woodland Live Unseen" (1914) was informed by her fascination with the landscape and folklore. This paper explores the relationship between the sociocultural and psychological condition of English society during WWI and the enthusiastic reception of reproductions of Canziani's painting. Her picture is analysed in relation to the revived popularity of J.M. Barrie's protagonist Peter Pan and the proliferation of recruitment propaganda that inundated the British public during WWI. Canziani's image located as a site across which viewers enacted self-interpretive, interrogative relationships between self/environment and reality/the imaginary is also positioned as key for a culture that fabricated a contemporary, mythologically based, omnipotent champion to personify English notions of the heroic soldier. In addition, the androgynous appearance of Canziani's piper disrupts socially constituted positions of gender difference in English society that, with the onset of WWI, challenged and distorted gendered boundaries. ; Vilinska slika britanske umjetnice "Where the Little Things of the Woodland Live Unseen" [Gdje malena šumska stvorenja žive neviđeno] iz 1914. godine nastala je pod utjecajem slikaričine fascinacije duhovnošću, folklorom i krajolikom. Ovaj rad istražuje veze između sociokulturnih i psiholoških preokupacija britanskoga društva za vrijeme Velikoga rata (1914. – 1918.) te entuzijastičnoga prijema navedene vilinske slike. Slika se analizira u kontekstu pojačane popularnosti Barriejeva junaka Petra Pana i vojne propagande (posebno novačenja) koja je preplavila britansku javnost tijekom Prvoga svjetskoga rata. Shvaćena kao prostor u kojem gledatelji mogu uprizoriti autointerpretativne, propitkivanju podložne poveznice između sebe i okoline, stvarnosti i mašte, vilinska slika Estelle Canziani shvaća se i kao ključ za razumijevanje kulture koja je stvorila suvremenoga svemoćnoga junaka, utemeljenoga u mitologiji, da bi utjelovio englesko poimanje junačkoga vojnika. Osim toga, androgina pojava frulaša na analiziranoj slici remeti društveno konstituirane rodne razlike u engleskom društvu, koje je, početkom Prvoga svjetskoga rata, dovelo u pitanje rodno određene granice. ; Der Ursprung des Feenbildes der britischen Künstlerin Estella Canziani "Where the Little Things of the Woodland Live Unseen" [Wo kleine Waldwesen unsichtbar leben] aus dem Jahre 1914 liegt in der Faszination der Autorin für die Folklore und das Landschaftsbild. Im Beitrag werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen den die britische Gesellschaft während des Ersten Weltkrieges prägenden soziokulturellen und psychologischen Voraussetzungen und der enthusiastischen Aufnahme des vorher genannten Bildes erforscht. Das Bild wird im Rahmen der wachsenden Popularität von Barries Peter-Pan-Gestalt und der immer größeren Profilierung der Militärpropaganda − insbesondere in Bezug auf die Rekrutierung von neuen Soldaten − analysiert, welche die britische Öffentlichkeit im Ersten Weltkrieg überschwemmt hat. Canzianis Feenbild kann nicht nur als Raum verstanden werden, worin dessen Betrachter selbstdeutende und hinterfragende Beziehungen zwischen sich selbst und der Umgebung sowie zwischen der Wirklichkeit und der Einbildungskraft, inszenieren konnten, sondern auch als Schlüssel für das Verständnis der Kultur, in welcher der zeitgenössische, in der Mythologie begründete allmächtige Held als Verkörperung des Heldenmuts des englischen Soldaten fungiert. Darüber hinaus hat die androgyne Erscheinung von Canzianis Pfeifer auf die sozial konstruierten Geschlechterunterschiede in der englischen Gesellschaft, die zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges diese Unterschiede in Frage stellte, eine zersetzende Wirkung ausgeübt.

Na temelju analize sadržaja, vrste i profila priloga u kulturnim rubrikama dvaju hrvatskih dnevnih listova, u članku se razmatra utjecaj promjene strukture vlasništva nad medijima na potencijal generiranja kritičke javne sfere i afirmaciju regionalnog karaktera kulture. Ovaj fokus analize odabran je u svjetlu teze da je uspješno uključivanje u globalizacijske procese moguće upravo natemelju postojanja snažnih lokalnih kulturnih identiteta. Analizirana su dva hrvatska regionalna dnevna lista s različitom vlasničkom strukturom, pri čemu je karakter priloga u području kulture poslužio kao indikator promjene uređivačke politike novina koja se događa s privatizacijom medija. Riječ je o prilozima u području kulture objavljivanim u splitskom dnevnom listu SlobodnaDalmacija godinu prije njegova prelaska u transnacionalno korporacijsko vlasništvo (2004.) i godinu nakon što se taj prelazak dogodio (2006.). U istim razdobljima analiziran je i riječki Novi list kao novina s drukčjim strukturom vlasništva.U slučaju Slobodne Dalmacije rezultati analize ukazuju na promjenu fokusa prezentiranih kulturnih tema s lokalno-regionalnog aspekta na teme nacionalnog i međunarodnog karaktera te smanjenje žanrova priloga s kritičkim potencijalom. U Novom listu koji nije promijenio vlasničku strukturu, u istraživanom je razdoblju uočen upravo obrnuti trend; promjena sadržaja s nacionalnim i međunarodnim kulturnim sadržajima na lokalne i regionalne teme, te zadržavanje kritičkog pristupa tim temama. Budući da je Novi list jedna od rijetkih dnevnih novina u Hrvatskoj koja nije u transnacionalnom korporacijskom vlasništvu, analizirani podaci upućuju na to da upravo izostanak takva vlasništva omogućava promicanje i razvoj kulturnih vrijednosti specifičnih za regiju te održavanje kritične lokalne javne sfere. ; Based on the content analysis of type and profile of articles in cultural sections of two Croatiandaily newspapers, this paper deals with the issue of changes in media ownership and the influencethese changes have on media as generators of critical public sphere and actors in fostering regionalcultural characteristics. This analitic focus is based on the hypothesis that successful integrationinto globalization processes is possible only if strong local cultural identity is present. TwoCroatian regional daily papers with different ownership structure were analysed. The characterof articles in cultural section was taken as an indicator of editoral politics change that came to lifewith media privatization processes. The analysis dealt with in articles Slobodna Dalmacija, dailynewspapers from Split, year before Slobodna Dalmacija came under transnational coorporateownership (2004.) and year after the change (2006.). Daily newspapers Novi List from Rijeka,was analysed in the same time frame, since Novi List has different ownership structure thanSlobodna Dalmacija.For Slobodna Dalmacija analysis reveils the change in forms of presented cultural themes fromlocal-regional aspect to national and international character along with fewer number of criticalarticles. In Novi List, that did not undergo an ownership change, trend is quite the opposite;articles content changes from national and international towards local and regional themes withno specific change in critical approach in published material. Since Novi List is one of the raredaily newspapers in Croatia that has no transnational coorporate ownership, analysed datasuggest that the absence of such ownership enables and promotes development of cultural valuesspecific for one region while maintaining critical local public sphere.

After the collapse of the Soviet state, during the last decades of the 21st century, Russia found itself in the system crisis in cataclysmic measures that threatened to disintegrate this once powerful state. Political and economic power was significantly displaced outside the institutions of the system in the hands of oligarchs and regional governors, which threaten to disintegrate the federal system and problems in the economic, social, demographic and military sphere shook the foundations of the Russian state. On the international stage, Russia's influence was marginalized. All the elements of its hard and soft power were reduced. Russia has lost the attributes of a superpower and the leader of the former socialist camp was reduced to the level of a regional power. With the arrival of Vladimir Putin as the President of the RF in 2000 began a new phase in the development of post-Soviet Russia. Initiated extensive internal political, economic and social reforms, as well as changes in foreign and security policy, resulted in a gradual recovery and consolidation of the Russian state and society. An essential feature of political life in Russia is the personalization of the power and the institution of the President of the RF, which largely depends on the personality of the president and his inner circle. This distinction is rooted in the political tradition and culture, and the imperial legacy. Some Western authors state that the tradition of the autocratic rule is in the heart of Russian political culture, while Russian authors believe that a strong central government, embodied in the institution of the head of state in modern Russia is a necessity in the initial phase of democratization and social transition. From the beginning, Putin has sought to pour "people from their inner circle" "into all levels of government and spheres that generate social and political power." This profiled the structure of Putin's regime, which is a very active process of permanent change of position, role and importance of individual personalities, as well as their "migration" from one sphere of government to another. In the process, the overall fluctuations of high-ranking politicians, divided into clans and influential groups (the so-called siloviki, technocrats and liberals), Putin is the "headquarters" of the entire regime. Estimates of the regime of Russian President V. Putin, his personality, as well as a trail that is left in modern history, are more polarized and controversial than estimates of many other figures of Russia, and even global politics. However, the importance that Putin has for Russia and its position and role in the XXI century is undeniable, as well as his controversial planetary authority, or his global popularity. Putin is one of the most influential politicians in the world and the authors' opinions of him are so divided, conflicting, contradictory and "ideologically colored" that any attempt of his generalization represents an endeavor foredoomed to failure. The amplitude of reactions is ranging from awe and glorification, to protest and scorn. It is undisputed that he is a charismatic, pragmatic and capable statesman. It is also an indisputable fact that the implementation of his policy has the outright support of the Russian people. Critics of Putin's regime as its main characteristic state the rigidity of the government, inflexibility, lack of transparency, bureaucratic domination of political and economic elites, instability in the sense of being based on the personality of the President and not on the balance of institutions. ; Nakon raspada sovjetske države Rusija se našla u sistemskoj krizi koja je pretila da dezintegriše nekada moćnu državu. Politička i ekonomska moć bila je u značajnoj meri izmeštena van institucija sistema, u ruke oligarha i regionalnih gubernatora. Problemi u ekonomskoj, socijalnoj, demografskoj i vojnoj sferi potresali su temelje ruske države. Na međunarodnoj sceni, uticaj Rusije bio je marginalizovan. Svi elementi njene tvrde i meke moći, bili su umanjeni. Rusija je izgubila atribute supersile i nekadašnja predvodnica socijalističkog lagera svedena je na nivo regionalne sile. Dolaskom Vladimira Putina na mesto predsednika RF 2000. godine, počela je nova faza u razvoju postsovjetske Rusije. Pokrenute su opsežne unutrašnje političke, ekonomske i socijalne reforme, kao i promene u spoljnoj i bezbednosnoj politici, što je rezultiralo postepenim oporavkom i konsolidacijom ruske države i društva. Jedna od suštinskih odlika političkog života Rusije jeste personalizacija vlasti, odnosno institucije Predsednika RF, koja u velikoj meri zavisi od ličnosti samog predsednika i njegovog najbližeg okruženja. Ova odlika ukorenjena je u političkoj tradiciji i kulturi, odnosno u imperijalnom nasleđu. Pojedini zapadni autori navode da je tradicija autokratskog vladanja u srži ruske političke kulture, dok ruski autori smatraju da snažna centralna vlast, oličena u instituciji predsednika države, u savremenoj Rusiji predstavlja nužnost u početnoj fazi demokratizacije i tranzicije društva. Putin je od početka nastojao da "ljude iz svog najbližeg okruženja "razlije" u sve nivoe vlasti i sfere koje generišu društvenu i političku moć". Time se profilisala struktura Putinovog režima u kojoj je veoma aktivan proces permanentne smene pozicija, uloga i značaja pojedinih ličnosti, kao i njihovo "seljenje" iz jedne sfere vlasti u drugu. U celokupnom tom procesu fluktacije visoko-pozicioniranih političara, svrstanih u uticajne grupe i klanove (tzv. siloviki, tehnokrate i liberali), Putin ima ulogu "stožera" celokupnog režima. Ocene o režimu ruskog predsednika V. Putina, njegovoj ličnosti, kao i tragu koji je ostavio u modernoj istoriji, polarizovanije su i kontroverznije nego ocene o mnogim drugim ličnostima ruske, pa i globalne politike. Međutim, značaj koji Putin ima za Rusiju i njenu poziciju i ulogu u XXI veku, nesporan je, kao što nisu sporni ni njegov planetarni autoritet, ni njegova globalna popularnost. Putin je jedan od najuticajnijih političara na svetu, ali su mišljenja autora u vezi sa njim toliko podeljena, oprečna, suprotstavljena i "ideološki obojena", da bi svaki pokušaj njihove generalizacije predstavljao poduhvat unapred osuđen na neuspeh. Amplitude reakcija kreću se od glorifikacije i divljenja, do osporavanja i nipodaštavanja. Nesporno je da je reč o harizmatičnom, pragmatičnom i sposobnom državniku, kao što je nesporna i činjenica da za sprovođenje svoje politike ima natpolovičnu podršku ruskog naroda. Kritičari Putinovog režima kao njegove osnovne odlike navode rigidnost vlasti, nefleksibilnost, netransparentnost, birokratizovanost, dominaciju političko- ekonomskih elita, nestabilnost u smislu zasnovanosti na ličnosti predsednika, a ne na balansu institucija.

The influence of Roman culture on today's civilization, including education, is immeasurable. The modern education system is inconceivable without Roman foundations, which range from Latin as the root of modern scientific terminology to the content of contemporary curricula having many similarities with Roman education. Daily life and practical tasks played an important role in ancient Rome, and the importance of acquiring competences that can be described as expertise, professionalism, and the ability to apply knowledge is emphasised nowadays. The contemporary curriculum is focused on the practical and this is where we find a link to Roman education, which puts practicality and usefulness to the forefront. In this paper, we provide an overview of the history of Roman education by linking it to the modern education system, with an emphasis on formal, non-formal, and informal education and learning. We consider the need to develop programmes which emphasise the practical in primary, secondary, and higher education, the need to strengthen the entrepreneurial competences of students, develop trainings and education for entrepreneurship through formal, non-formal, and informal education and learning, encourage entrepreneurial education in the national context, and transform traditional schools and universities to entrepreneurial ones. ; Utjecaj je rimske kulture na današnju civilizaciju, pa tako i obrazovanje, nemjerljiv. Suvremeni sustav odgoja i obrazovanja nezamisliv je bez rimskih temelja, počevši od suvremene znanstvene terminologije utemeljene velikim dijelom u latinskom jeziku, do samog sadržaja suvremenog kurikula u kojem pronalazimo brojne sličnosti s rimskim odgojem i obrazovanjem. U starorimskom su odgoju svakodnevni život i praktični zadaci imali važnu ulogu, kao što je danas naglašena važnost stjecanja kompetencija koje se mogu opisati upravo kao stručnost, profesionalnost i sposobnost primjene stečenoga znanja. Iz suvremenog kurikula iščitava se usmjerenost prema praktičnom i tu pronalazimo poveznicu s rimskim odgojem, koji je prije svega ono praktično i korisno stavljao u prvi plan. U ovom ćemo radu pružiti pregled povijesti rimskog odgoja i obrazovanja povezujući ga sa suvremenim sustavom obrazovanja, uz naglasak na formalno, neformalno i informalno obrazovanje i učenje. Razmatra se potreba razvoja programa s naglaskom na praktično u osnovnom, srednjem i visokom školstvu, potreba jačanja poduzetničkih kompetencija učenika i studenata, osposobljavanje i obrazovanje za poduzetništvo putem formalnog, neformalnog i informalnog obrazovanja i učenja, poticanje poduzetničkog obrazovanja u nacionalnom kontekstu, transformacije škola i sveučilišta iz tradicionalnih u poduzetničke.

MacIntyre states in his criticism of Winch's Idea of Social Science… that it is impossible to criticize the practices of societies with different forms of rationality in terms of their own forms of rationality; these practices must be intelligible within our own rationality. In this way he assumes that the only possible way to criticize other cultures is a "view from outside." Responding MacIntyre, Winch states that every criticism of other cultures requires "extending of our own ability of understanding." This seems to suggest that the only possible criticism is the "critique of ourselves." This paper attempts to support Winch's position with political argumentation. It refers to the Walzer-Said debate to demonstrate that the logic of social criticism requires reference to the political dimension of domination and the associated concept of emancipation. ; Krytykując Idei nauk społecznych… Wincha MacIntyre stwierdza, że niemożliwa jest krytyka praktyk społeczeństw, w których obowiązują inne formy racjonalności w kategoriach ich własnych form racjonalności, ponieważ praktyki te muszą być zrozumiałe w obrębie naszej własnej racjonalności. W ten sposób zakłada, że jedynym możliwym sposobem krytykowania innych kultur jest "spojrzenie z zewnątrz". W odpowiedzi Winch zauważa, że każda krytyka innych kultur wymaga "poszerzenia naszej własnej zdolności rozumienia". To wydaje się sugerować, że jedyną możliwą formą krytyki jest "krytyka nas samych". Celem tego artykułu jest próba wsparcia tego stanowiska poprzez odwołanie się do argumentów politycznych. Poprzez nawiązanie do debaty między Walzerem a Saidem, staram się ukazać, że logika krytyki społecznej wymaga odniesienia do politycznego wymiaru dominacji oraz połączonego z nim pojęcia emancypacji.

Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka dwóch kultur prawnych, tj. kultury władzy oraz kultury uzasadniania, sformułowanych przez Davida Dyzenhausa. Powyższa dystynkcja kultur zaproponowana przez kanadyjskiego teoretyka prawa stanowi interesujący głos w dyskusji nad tym, w jaki sposób wybrnąć z problemu wyznaczenia granic sprawowania władzy publicznej, a w konsekwencji również problemu bezkonfliktowego realizowania zasady podziału władzy. Najogólniej rzecz ujmując, w kulturze władzy uzasadnianie dla działania władzy jest konieczne na etapie jej ustanawiania, w momencie zaś jej ustanowienia władza nie widzi potrzeby uzasadniania swoich decyzji. W kulturze uzasadniania w sytuacji, gdy władza już została ustanowiona, reguły kultury uzasadniania nakazują władzy uzasadniać swoje wszystkie decyzje. Rekonstrukcja powyższych idei kultur prawnych została zilustrowana ostatnimi propozycjami zmian w ustawie o Sądzie Najwyższym. W konkluzji artykułu wskazano, że zaproponowane zmiany funkcjonowania Sądu Najwyższego są oczywistymi przykładami działań władzy ustawodawczej opartych na dyrektywach kultury władzy, co prowadzić może do naruszeń zasad państwa prawa. ; The aim of this article is to describe two legal cultures, namely the culture of authority and the culture of justification, as formulated by David Dyzenhaus. This distinction between legal cultures proposed by the Canadian theorist of law makes an interesting contribution to the discussion on how to make headway with the problem of determining the limits of public authority and, consequently, the problem of implementing the principle of the separation of powers in such a way that conflicts do not arise. In general, with the culture of authority, justification of the actions of an authority is necessary only when it is being established, and once its authority has been established, the authority sees no further need to justify its decisions. Whereas in the cultureof justification, after an authority has already been established, the rules of the culture of justification require that the authority continue to justify all its decisions. The reconstruction of these conceptions of legal cultures are illustrated by the recently proposed Act on the Supreme Court in Poland. The conclusion of the paper indicates that the proposed changes to the functioning of the Supreme Court are clear examples of legislative action based on the directives of a culture of authority, which may lead to violations of the rule of law.

Inkluzija u obrazovanju kao teorijsko-praktični koncept široko je prihvaćena i predstavlja zajedničku odliku prakse funkcionisanja savremenih školskih sistema, kao i sadržaj globalne politike i nacionalnih obrazovnih politika. U savremenim školskim sistemima poslednjih dekada realizuju se reformski procesi sa ciljem razvoja prakse inkluzivnog obrazovanja, ali sa različitim nivoom uspešnosti. Pored promena u praksi nastavnog i školskog rada, za uspešnu praktičnu primenu inkluzije u obrazovanju potrebne su promene u sadržaju i strukturi škole i načinu funkcionisanja školskog sistema. Inkluzivna praksa mora se razvijati uporedo sa razvojem inkluzivne politike i kulture, a to je moguće jedino u školskom i društvenom sistemu orijentisanom na inkluziju. Stoga se obeležja društvenog konteksta mogu posmatrati kao ključna determinanta praktične primene inkluzije u obrazovanju. U radu se, nakon osvrta na inkluziju u obrazovanju kao cilju i sadržaju aktuelnih reformskih procesa, analiziraju pretpostavke uspešne implementacije ovog koncepta u praksu školskog rada i objašnjavaju obeležja društvenog konteksta kao determinanata razvoja inkluzivne školske prakse. Kao ilustracija za iznetu ocenu o važnosti obeležja društvenog konteksta kao determinante uspešnosti razvoja inkluzivne školske prakse dati su osnovni podaci o dosadašnjem toku i rezultatima primene inkluzije u obrazovanju u Finskoj i Indiji. ; Inclusion in education, as a theoretical and practical concept, has been widely accepted and represents a common feature of the functioning of modern school systems, and is also included in global and national education policies. Over the last decades, modern education systems have undergone reforms aimed at developing inclusive educational practice, with admittedly varying levels of success. In addition to changes in teaching and school work, the successful implementation of inclusion in education requires changes in the content and structure of schools and in the functioning of the school system. Inclusive practice must be developed alongside the development of inclusive policies and a culture of inclusivity, which is only possible within an inclusion-oriented education and social system. Therefore, the characteristics of the social context can be regarded as a key determinant in the practical implementation of inclusion in education. After looking at inclusion in education as the goal and content of current reform processes, the paper analyzes the prerequisites for the successful implementation of this concept in the practice of school work and then goes on to consider the characteristics of the social context as a determinant of the development of inclusive school practice. In order to illustrate the authors' assessment of the importance of the characteristics of the social context as a determinant of the successful development of inclusive school practice, the paper gives a brief overview of the progress and results of the implementation of inclusion in education in Finland and India.

Odnos društva i prostora karakteriziran je dinamikom načina života, vrijednosti, normi i običaja koji pokreću razvojne procese. U taj odnos kulture i prirode, čovjek unosi društvene vrijednosti kojima djeluje na prirodne resurse. Stoga, socio-prostorna analiza uključuje različite aspekte: ekološki, ambijentalni, ekonomski, socijalni, kulturni, a odgovornost za različite procese kojima se prostor transformira može se pripisati različitim socijalnim akterima, među kojima lokalna zajednica ima posebnu ulogu. Suvremene planerske prakse, na temelju koncepata komunikativnog planiranja, sve više naglašavaju primjerenost pristupa "odozdo" i važnost uključivanja lokalne zajednice u sve faze planiranja i implementacije prostornih strategija. Pri tome treba naglasiti konsenzus oko dvije vrijednosti: ekološke i socijalne održivosti. Na njima se, posljedično, oblikuju i kriteriji djelovanja. Ekološka održivost odnosi se na zaštitu cjeline života i životnih uvjeta. Socijalna održivost odnosi se na uvođenje participativnog procesa, postizanje uravnotežene zajednice, socijalne kohezije i zajednice koja je pravedna, raznovrsna, povezana i demokratična. Ovim se nastoji osigurati razvoj koji bi bio ekološki održiv i socijalno nekonfliktan. Analiza socio-prostornog razvoja Sjeverozapadne Hrvatske obuhvatila je pet županija:. Na prvoj razini analizirani su prostorni planovi pet županija s ciljem da se utvrdi u kojoj mjeri uključuju dimenzije socijalne i ekološke održivosti. Na drugoj strani razmatrani su rezultati dva istraživanja stavova lokalnog stanovništva u pogledu participacije u zajednici i stavova o okolišu i rizicima. Rezultati su pokazali da je koncept ekološke održivosti prihvaćen od strane lokalnog stanovništva i uključen u plansku dokumentaciju. S druge strane, koncept socijalne održivosti nije uključen u županijske planove. Lokalna javnost kao partner, participacija, informiranje i jačanje lokalne demokracije nije implementirana u prostorne planove. Anketna istraživanja pokazala su da su ekološke vrijednosti visoko su izražene i čine dobru vrijednosnu osnovu razvoja. U pogledu praksi socijalne održivosti, oko 30% lokalnih stanovnika ovog prostora, u svakodnevnom životu sudjeluje u participativnom procesu. Rezultati upućuju na potrebu da se usklade normativna razina i svakodnevne prakse. Ideju o lokalnoj javnosti kao partneru u planiranju potrebno je afirmirati i na normativnoj razini, kroz prostorne planove, kako bi se ojačale demokratske procedure i stvorio okvir za efikasnije djelovanje civilnog sektora koji već i sada djeluje u lokalnim zajednicama. ; The relationship between society and space is characterized by lifestyle dynamics, values, norms and habits that drive development processes. In such interactions between culture and nature, people bring social values by which they affect natural resources. Therefore, socio-spatial analyses include different aspects: ecological, ambient, economic, social, cultural, while responsibility for the different processes that transform space can be associated with different social actors. Among them, the local community has a special role. Contemporary planning practices based on communicative planning concepts, more than ever, emphasize the relevance of the bottom-up approach as well as the importance of including local community in every phase of planning and implementing spatial strategies. To this end, it should be stressed that there is a consensus on two values: ecological as well as social sustainability, which in turn, also shape criteria for acting. Ecological sustainability refers to protecting conditions for life and life as a whole. Social sustainability refers to implementing participation, achieving balanced community, social cohesion and a just, diverse, connected and democratic community. In this way, we should try to ensure ecologically sustainable and socially unambiguous development. The analysis of socio-spatial development in North-west Croatia includes five counties. In the first stage, spatial planning documents are analysed in order to answer the extent to which they include dimensions of social and ecological sustainability. At the next stage, results of the two surveys are discussed regarding locals' attitudes about community participation as well as environmental attitudes. The results show that the concept of ecological sustainability is incorporated within planning documentation, and well-accepted by residents. On the other hand, the sociological sustainability concept is not included in the official planning documentation. The ideas of partnering with local community, and participating, informing and strengthening local democracy are not implemented in the spatial planning documents. Surveys have shown that high levels of ecological sustainability are a positive basis for development. Regarding social sustainability practices, approximately 30% of respondents have experience in participation processes in the local community. These results suggest a need to harmonise normative acts with life practices in the field of participation. The idea of the local public as partner in the planning procedures should be affirmed also at the normative level throughout spatial planning documents, in an attempt to improve democratic procedures and ensure the institutional framework for civil society actions that are already present in the local community.