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The standard picture of public governance in the Dutch Republic (1579-1795) is one of consultation with multiple stakeholders, peaceful negotiations with representatives from a range of governmental institutions, and agreements and compromise. This picture has been the subject of much debate among historians and other scholars. One question concerns the extent to which this kind of governance evolved from the traditional practices of water authorities, as these institutions emerged very early, at the end of the thirteenth century. A further question is whether it is correct to assume that these peaceful negotiations did in fact involve participation by a wide range of societal stakeholders. This book contributes to this debate by presenting the results of new research into the development of governance by water authorities prior to 1800. In the late Middle Ages and Early Modern period, these institutions changed as a result of ecological, socio-economic and political developments. The central question is how these developments affected the evolution of and governance within the water authorities. The research focuses on two inter-local water authorities: first, the water authority of the Bunschoten Veen and Velden dikes in the Province of Utrecht; and second, the water authority of Mastenbroek polder in the Province of Overijssel. How were landholders represented in such authorities, and what was the relationship between developments in representation and participation in decision-making? The positions and backgrounds of the board members of these two water authorities were investigated, as well as the process of decision-making. The theoretical framework was provided by theories of consociationalism (Lijphart 1968 and Putnam 1993), in which peaceful governance is defined in terms of consensus politics or politics of accommodation. A set of criteria was formulated to assess the occurrence of participative decision-making by stakeholders. These criteria were tested against the discussions and decisions found in ...

De kennis over hoe menselijke keuzes gemaakt worden is de laatste jaren flink gegroeid. Vakgebieden als sociale psychologie en hersenwetenschap maken, zeker in Nederland, een grote bloei door. Het zeer toegankelijk geschreven boek Hoe mensen keuzen maken: de psychologie van het beslissen geeft in ruim 100 pagina's een uniek overzicht van de nieuwste sociaal-psychologische inzichten op dit gebied. In vier hoofdstukken worden de 'beperkingen' van het brein belicht: - Het irrationele brein. Mensen houden zich vaak niet aan de regels voor logische en rationele keuzes. Toch leidt dit soms zelfs tot nog betere beslissingen. - Het automatische brein. Onze keuzes worden bepaald door allerlei onbewuste factoren, en vaak weten we niet goed waarom we een bepaalde keuze hebben gemaakt. - Het willoze brein. Zijn we werkelijk vrij om te kiezen? Tegenwoordig beweert een aantal wetenschappers dat de vrije wil niet bestaat. Hebben zij gelijk? - Het sociale brein. Is de mens in hart en nieren een sociaal wezen dat werkelijk begaan is met andermans lot? Of betreft het slechts een dun laagje beschaving? In het laatste hoofdstuk wordt bekeken hoe Nederland eruit zou zien als beleidsmakers van deze bevindingen gebruik zouden maken bij het uitzetten van beleid. Hoe kunnen mensen worden verleid tot een gezondere levensstijl? Tot energiebesparend gedrag? Tot een verstandige financiële planning? En misschien kan het zelfs wat doen aan de chronische politieke ontevredenheid bij de mensen

Rational-choice theory is the economic study of nonmarket decision making. The methodology of rational-choice is that of economics: methodological individualism, rationality, & Pareto efficiency. Rational-choice theory is a generic title for four different decision-making theories: collective action, public choice, social choice, & game theory. The distinction between these decision-making theories is the result of the development of the concept of rationality in classical & neoclassical economic theory. For nonmarket decisions (in contrast to market decisions), the economic criterion of Pareto efficiency is not attainable if individuals are behaving as rational utility maximizers. This is one of the main problems for rational-choice theory, described by the prisoner's dilemma game. Several solutions of this dilemma have been suggested, but none can be accepted as conclusive. It is asserted here that the methodological point of departure of rational-choice theory prohibits a solution for the dilemma, because the crux of the economic approach consists in the realization that it is impossible to attain the Pareto optimal. 3 Figures, 1 Schema, 48 References. Modified HA

Little is known about views on democracy of adolescents. In this article we describe results of our interview study with forty adolescents of fourteen years old on their views of democracy and decision making. The study focuses on the daily lives of adolescents and decision making within local contexts, such as the classroom. The adolescents' views on decision making appear to correspond to the models of democracy as we know them, that is majoritarian democracy (the largest group), consensual democracy or deliberative democracy. However, only some of the adolescents have an explicit understanding of the concept of democracy and most have limited political knowledge. For these students, the experience or feeling of being part of a political democracy is still something 'far away' and not something of any relevance in their daily lives. Adapted from the source document.

This paper analyzes the way the Flemish administration dealt with the competence transfer in the field of agriculture it experienced in 2001-2002. The main research question goes as follows: "Which factors have an impact on a successful competence transfer in the context of a state reform." This research shows that the decision-making process has a negative impact on that success because of the difficulties the administration experiences with the translation of the vague political compromises in the law. On the other hand, there is evidence that the change management willingness & capacity of the 'receiving' Flemish & 'losing' federal administration have a positive influence on that success. Adapted from the source document.