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Democracies and authoritarian regimes have different approaches to international law, grounded in their different forms of government. As the balance of power between democracies and non-democracies shifts, it will have consequences for international legal order. Human rights may face severe challenges in years ahead, but citizens of democratic countries may still benefit from international legal cooperation in other areas. Ranging across several continents, this volume surveys the state of democracy-enhancing international law, and provides ideas for a way forward in the face of rising authoritarianism.

Democracies and Authoritarian Regimes provides a broad, accessible overview of the key institutions and political dynamics in democracies and dictatorships, enabling students to assess the benefits and risks associated with democracy, and the growing challenges to it. Comprehensive coverage of the full spectrum of political systems enhances students' understanding of the relevance of contemporary global trends, including the nature of democratic backsliding and authoritarian resurgence, the rise of populism and identity politics, and the impact of cultural and socio-economic drivers of democracy. Each chapter features a broad range of case studies complemented by boxes that illustrate key terms, ensuring relevant research is translated in a clear, engaging format for students.This text is supported by a range of online resources, to encourage deeper engagement with the subject matter.

Populism has become a favourite catchword for mass media and politicians faced with the challenge of protest parties or movements. It has often been equated with radical right leaders or parties. This volume offers a different perspective and underlines that populism is an ambiguous but constitutive component of democratic systems torn between their ideology (government of the people, by the people, for the people) and their actual functioning, characterised by the role of the elites and the limits put on the popular will by liberal constitutionalism.

This book is based on experience and reflections related to international support provided to parliaments and legislative bodies both in selected countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Ghana, Serbia, and Kyrgyzstan) and globally. The author intends to provide a critique of parliamentary support, as part of development assistance or foreign aid, for having been conceived in narrow terms of technical assistance and for failing to appreciate that aid effectiveness calls for a sound understanding of a country's politics, culture, and history. The monograph examines the effectiveness of aid in both stable democracies, and fragile and transition countries. The project is ideal for audiences interested in regional politics, the Middle East, Africa, South Asia, Central Asia, and development/democracy studies.

1. Chapter 1: Introduction -- 2. Chapter 2: Research Design and Methodology -- 3. Chapter 3: Reviewing the Literature: The Long Walk to Democracy and Development -- 4. Chapter 4: Assisting Parliament- Is Development Aid Effective? -- 5. Chapter 5: Does PDA Have Any Impact on Oversight? -- 6. Chapter 6: PDA at Work- Exploring Impact in Stability -- 7. Chapter 7: PDA at Work- Exploring Impact in Fragility and Transition -- 8. Chapter 8: From Learning to the Visioning -- 9. Chapter 9: Conclusion

Chapter 1: Joost Augusteijn, Constant Hijzen, and Mark Leon de Vries - Introduction: Democracy, the Nation State, and their adversaries -- Section 1: learning to deal with anti-democratic groupings, 1870-1933 -- Section 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2: Mark Leon de Vries - "… a Wretched, Down Trodden and Impoverished People." The Louisiana White League and the Propaganda of Democratic Legitimacy -- Chapter 3: Kristian M. Mennen - Nazis, Violence and the State: Social Democratic Repertoire Discussions in Germany and the Netherlands around 1930 -- Chapter 4: Joris Gijsenbergh - Democracy's Various Defenders: The Struggle Against Political Extremism in the Netherlands, 1917-1940 -- Section 2: New Forms of Mobilisation in the age of civil resistance, 1960-1997 -- Section 2 Introduction -- Chapter 5: Joost Augusteijn and Jacco Pekelder - Terrorist Constituencies in Terrorist-State Conflicts. The debate on the use of violence among Irish nationalists and West Germany's Radical Left in the Mid 1970s -- Chapter 6: Constant Hijzen - The seeds of danger. The security service and its 'enemy image' of 'the movement' in the 1980s -- Chapter 7: Yavuz Yildirim - (In)effectiveness of Social Movements in Turkish Democracy: institutional and non-constitutional cases -- Chapter 8: Miina Kaarkoski - Parliamentary democracy versus direct democracy? Challenging liberal, representative democracy in the German Bundestag during the antinuclear demonstrations of 1995-1997 -- Section 3: Dealing with opposition in the post-Cold War period, 1998-2018 -- Section 3 Introduction -- Chapter 9: Henrik Vigh - Displaced without Moving. Loyalism and democratic haunting in Northern Ireland -- Chapter 10: Ana Maria Albulescu - Towards an understanding of incomplete secession in the Moldovan-Transnistrian case; between democracy and autocracy -- Chapter 11: Arianna Piacentini - Fragmented Democracy in Dayton's Bosnia Herzegovina. Institutions, Political Elite and Youth -- Conclusions -- Chapter 12: Joost Augusteijn, Constant Hijzen, and Mark Leon de Vries - Concluding Remarks --

Introduction : politology : the science of politics -- An analytical beginning : from anarchy to state formation -- Elements of politics : the building blocks of regimes -- The compounds : democracies and dictatorships -- A political world : regimes, countries, regions -- An electoral system : variables and parameters -- Laws of politics : primary and secondary -- The first law of politics : the law of shrinking support -- The second law of politics : the law of alternation in office -- Other constants of incumbent vote -- The operation of primary laws in dictatorships -- The laws of state expansion -- State spending in democracies and dictatorships -- Cuba : a historical outline -- Democracy in Cuba : a comparative analysis -- Dictatorship in Cuba : a comparative analysis -- A constitutional framework for a free Cuba -- Laws of politics : summary and Extension.

The last decade has seen the growth of extreme right movements throughout the western world, yet how should democracies react to the challenge that they pose?

This book analyses and compares how the USA's liberal allies responded to the use of torture against their citizens after 9/11. Did they resist, tolerate or support the Bush Administration's policies concerning the mistreatment of detainees when their own citizens were implicated and what were the reasons for their actions? Australia, the UK and Canada are liberal democracies sharing similar political cultures, values and alliances with America; yet they behaved differently when their citizens, caught up in the War on Terror, were tortured. How states responded to citizens' human rights claims and predicaments was shaped, in part, by demands for accountability placed on the executive government by domestic actors. This book argues that civil society actors, in particular, were influenced by nuanced differences in their national political and legal contexts that enabled or constrained human rights activism. It maps the conditions under which individuals and groups were more or less likely to become engaged when fellow citizens were tortured, focusing on national rights culture, the domestic legal and political human rights framework, and political opportunities

"Global business leader Mathias Döpfner offers a revolutionary roadmap to reshape global trade, strengthen our democracy, and safeguard our freedoms. Freedom is on the decline around the world. Autocrats in Europe, Asia, and the Mideast are undermining our open societies, human rights, and the rule of law. The Russian invasion in Ukraine was a wake-up call for the West, but the biggest threat remains China. For two generations, Americans and Europeans have believed that change will come through trade, but instead of dictatorships becoming more like Western democracies, unfettered free trade has strengthened our enemies and undermined our countries. We are caught in a trade trap, faced with the decision to choose either opportunism and submission or opposition and emancipation. In The Trade Trap, one of the world's most powerful business leaders traces the rise and costs of Western dependency on China and Russia. And he suggests a radical new approach to free trade: The establishment of a new values-based alliance of democracies. Membership is based on the adherence of three very simple criteria: the rule of law, human rights, and sustainability targets. Countries that comply with these criteria can engage in tariff-free trade with others. Those who don't will pay prohibitive tariffs. Sharing the author's encounters with major global figures including Vladimir Putin, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, George W. Bush, Angela Merkel, Jack Ma, and more, The Trade Trap offers personal insight into the dangerous consequences of doing business with autocrats along with a bold proposal for a values-based trade policy."