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Democratization in Africa: African Views, African Voices -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Background and Purpose of the Workshops -- 1 The Movement Toward Democracy in Africa -- IMPACT OF NEW EXTERNAL ACTORS -- COLONIAL LEGACY AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICAN SOCIETIES -- DEMOCRACY AND AFRICAN VALUES -- POLITICAL LIBERALIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION -- 2 Transitions to Democracy in Africa -- MODES OF TRANSITION IN AFRICA -- FUNDAMENTAL CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS -- The Cult of Personality -- Zero-Sum Politics -- The Military -- Managing Ethnicity -- The Role of Women -- PRECONDITIONS FOR DEMOCRACY -- Legal Order and Basic Rights -- Values of Democracy -- Competent State -- ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY -- Committed Minority -- Courage -- 3 Democracy and Governance in Africa -- GOVERNANCE AND AFRICAN POLITICS -- POPULAR PARTICIPATION -- NEED FOR ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY -- CORRUPTION -- FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS -- DECENTRALIZATION AND DEVOLUTION OF POWER -- MODES OF REPRESENTATION -- 4 Institutions Needed to Sustain Democracy -- CONSTITUTIONS -- RECONSTITUTING THE MILITARY -- INDEPENDENT COMMISSIONS -- TRANSNATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CENTER -- 5 Role of Extra-African Forces in Democratization -- PROBLEMS WITH AID IN AFRICA -- CHALLENGES FACED BY AFRICAN COUNTRIES -- ROLE OF DONORS IN DEMOCRATIZATION -- Assisting Political Change -- Removal of Dictators -- Reduction of Military Assistance -- Promotion of Civic Groups -- Improving Economic Conditions in Africa -- Forgiving Debt -- Reducing Western Trade Protectionism -- Instituting Fiscal Reforms -- Targeting Human Development -- Capital Flight -- Assistance with Institutional Change -- Constitutions -- Critical National Institutions -- The Press -- Civil Service -- Electoral Systems -- Greater Utilization of African Talent.

Providing incisive commentary on the historical and contemporary American working class experience, Banded Together: Economic Democratization in the Brass Valley documents a community's efforts to rebuild and revitalize itself in the aftermath of deindustrialization. Through powerful oral histories and other primary sources, Jeremy Brecher tells the story of a group of average Americans--factory workers, housewives, parishioners, and organizers--who tried to create a democratic alternative to the economic powerlessness caused by the closing of factories in the Connecticut Naugatuck Valley region during the 1970s and 1980s. This volume focuses on grassroots organization, democratically controlled enterprises, and supportive public policies, providing examples from the Naugatuck Valley Project community alliance that remain relevant to the economic problems of today and tomorrow.

Reprinted from _Psyche and Eros_. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Labadie Pamphlet Collection.

Repr.: Illinois Central Magazine. Sept., 1917. ; Caption-title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Intro -- Contents -- Tables -- Preface & Acknowledgments -- Acronyms -- 1 The Gender Composition of the Central American Guerrilla Movements -- 2 Gender Equality and the Central American Peace Accords -- 3 Voices from the Salvadoran Grass Roots A Case Study of San José Las Flores, Meanguera, and San Esteban Catarina -- 4 The Vanguard in Search of a New Identity Incipient Democratization -- 5 Transforming the Party Gender Equality in the Revolutionary Left -- 6 Gender Equality and Recent Elections -- Conclusion Gender Equality and Democratization -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Preface -- 1 Bringing Knowledge to Bear on Politics: The Uses and Misuses of Data in Democracy Promotion -- 2 Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: An Evaluation of Alternative Indices -- 3 Drawing Boundaries: The Crafting of Intermediate Regime Categories -- 4 Producing and Validating Political Data: The Case of the Electoral Democracy Index -- 5 Assessing Elections: A Methodology for Election Observation Missions -- 6 Revisiting Concepts: Democracy and Other Political Values -- 7 Developing Measures: Beyond Electoral Democracy -- Notes -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.

front cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1. International Perspectives on Democracy in the Twenty-first Century -- I. Democratization on the Frontiers of the Third Wave -- 2. Democratization in the Twenty-first Century: The Prospects for the Global Diffusion of Democracy -- 3. Is Democracy Contagious? Diffusion and the Dynamics of Regime Transition -- 4. A Fourth Wave? The Role of International Actors in Democratization -- 5. "Western Institutions" and "Universal Values": Barriers to the Adoption of Democracy -- II. Globalization and Democracy -- 6. Issues, Information Flows, and Cognitive Capacities: Democratic Citizenship in a Global Era -- 7. Globaliztion, the Decline of Civic Commitments, and the Future of Democracy -- 8. Globalization, Sovereignty, and Democracy: The Role of International Organizations in a Globalizing World -- 9. Democracy and Markets in the Twenty-first Century: An Agenda -- 10. Economic Globalization and Democracy -- Contributors -- Index -- back cover.

Intro -- CONTENTS -- FIGURES, MAPS, AND TABLES -- PREFACE -- PART I Introduction -- Chapter 1 Explaining Political Development in Central America -- Chapter 2 The Liberal Reform Period and Its Legacies: A Conceptual Framework -- PART II Antecedent Conditions -- Chapter 3 Liberals and Conservatives before the Reform Period -- Chapter 4 Routes to Liberal Political Dominance -- PART III The Liberal Reform Period -- Chapter 5 Radical Liberalism: Guatemala and El Salvador -- Chapter 6 Reformist Liberalism: Costa Rica -- Chapter 7 Aborted Liberalism: Honduras and Nicaragua -- PART IV Legacies of the Liberal Reform Period -- Chapter 8 Aftermath: Reactions to the Liberal Reform -- Chapter 9 Regime Heritage: Military Authoritarianism, Democracy, and Traditional Dictatorship -- Chapter 10 Conclusion: Path Dependence and Political Change -- NOTES -- SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS ON CENTRAL AMERICAN POLITICS AND HISTORY -- INDEX.

Front Matter -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Democracy Assistance and USAID -- 2 Evaluation in USAID DG Programs: Current Practices and Problems -- 3 Measuring Democracy -- 4 Learning from the Past: Using Case Studies of Democratic Transitions to Inform Democracy Assistance -- 5 Methodologies of Impact Evaluation -- 6 Implementing Impact Evaluations in the Field -- 7 Additional Impact Evaluation Designs and Essential Tools for Better Project Evaluations -- 8 Creating the Conditions for Conducting High-Quality Evaluations of Democracy Assistance Programs and Enhancing Organizational Learning -- 9 An Evaluation Initiative to Support Learning the Impact of USAID's Democracy and Governance Programs -- Glossary -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members -- Appendix B: Committee Meetings and Participants -- Appendix C: Measuring Democracy -- Appendix D: Understanding Democratic Transitions and Consolidation from Case Studies: Lessons for Democracy Assistance -- Appendix E: Field Visit Summary Report -- Appendix F: Voices from the Field: Model Questionnaire.

Intro -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 1 STIRRINGS OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION -- 2 THE POLITICS OF THE ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS -- 3 STATE-BUSINESS RELATIONS IN SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN -- 4 STATE-BUSINESS RELATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA -- 5 CAPITAL MOBILITY AND DEMOCRATIC STABILITY -- 6 DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT -- 7 ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS OF CAPITALISM -- 8 DOES EDUCATION PROMOTE GROWTH AND DEMOCRACY? -- 9 THE HAZARDS OF CONVERGENCE -- INDEX.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Preface -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- The Role of Elections -- Why Africa? -- On Regimes -- On Elections and Democracy -- Preindependence and Postindependence Elections in African Nations -- Contemporary Africa's Track Record -- Outline of the Book -- 2 ON DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS -- Making a Conceptual Choice -- Defining Democracy -- Operationalizing Democratic Qualities of Elections -- Data Collection and Processing -- 3 ELECTIONS IN AFRICA OVER TIME -- Frequency and Number of Elections -- The Democratic Qualities, on Average -- Democratic Qualities of Elections over Time -- Conclusions -- 4 THE SELF-REINFORCING POWER OF ELECTIONS -- Going from Bad to Worse -- First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Later Elections -- A Panel-Group Comparison -- Conclusions -- 5 THE CAUSAL EFFECTS OF ELECTIONS -- Democratic Qualities in Society -- A Missing Factor of Democratization -- Hypotheses and Causal Links -- 6 DEMOCRATIZATION BY ELECTIONS? -- Elections Are Associated with Civil Liberties -- Analyzing by Countries -- Conclusions -- 7 COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES AND REFLECTIONS -- The Transition Paradigm -- Corruption and Democratization -- Stateness and Social Citizenship -- Lessons on Consolidation -- Policy Implications -- The Power of Elections in Unfavorable Conditions -- Appendix 1. Overview of Elections in Africa, by Year -- Appendix 2. Changes in Civil Liberties Rankings -- Appendix 3. About the Freedom House Civil Liberties Index -- Appendix 4. A Data Set on Elections in Africa -- Notes -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.

Fifteen years ago the principle of majority elections became applicable to all phases of public life in Sweden; and along with the movement for democratization there developed the idea of proportional representation. This principle was urged especially by Conservatives, who feared that if elections to Andra Kammaren (the Lower House) should be based upon universal suffrage with the retention of the majority system, the Conservative party would be completely annihilated.