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Indonesia still has various demographic problems. Large population, low population quality, and uneven distribution of population. In quantity, Indonesia can be said will soon enjoy the demographic dividend because the large number of population is a productive age. But the large number of productive age population was not followed by a reliable quality and this can actually be a demographic disaster. This article presents the outlook as a critical reflection of Indonesia's current demographic condition derived from the review of demographic data and related writings. The results obtained are that the demographic conditions of Indonesia are in the "crossroads". In terms of quantity, Indonesia will enjoy demographic dividend, but in terms of the quality of Indonesia will be faced with the demographic disaster. To avoid the negative impacts of the demographic conditions and to enjoy the momentum, extra effort needs to be done not only by the government, but by all components of the nation. Real, immediate and continuous efforts that can be done include improving the quality of human resources, especially through education and health, creating jobs by all parties, placing the elderly population as an asset, and consolidating the agricultural sector through the empowerment of local farmers as well as cutting wages between agriculture and non-agricultural sectors.
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From a number of studies there are evidences of the existence of integration between "demography variables" and the development process. In this case it is important to understand that the population policies have been formulated for the continuity of development process, mainly by paying attention to the integration between people (inhabitants) and their environment. In this case, the government's policy is to stabilize economic development, distributing it evenly and maintain the environment in accordance with the global Population Action Program. The problems caused by changes related to the demographic transition can be considered the material for the future demographic policies.
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In: Populație și societate 3
ABSTRACTThe writing of this work ini motivated by the demographic bonus that has been seen and is projected to appear in 2030 to 2045. Education is a very basic effort to take advantage of every opportunity that exists because the quality of education affects the quality of human resources. The literature study method is the method used in writing this work. Furthermore, the results obtained from the research provide information that the Indonesian government will provide answers to these challenges by trying as much as possible in the field of education such as (1) providing scholarships to be able to equalize education, (2) then population education to provide awareness, especially for the younger generation and to provide a number of jobs, (3) development soft skills and (4) Strengthening the character of Pancasilakeywords: Indonesian, Education, Demography, BonusAbstrakPenulisan karya ini dilatarbelakangi oleh bonus demografi yang telah terlihat serta diproyeksi akan muncul di tahun 2030 hingga 2045. Pendidikan ialah suatu usaha yang sangat mendasar untuk memanfaatkan setiap peluang yang ada sebab kualitas pendidikan mempengaruhi kualitas dari sumber daya manusia. Metode studi literatur merupakan metode yang dimanfaatkan dalam penulisan karya ini. Selanjutnya hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian memberikan informasi jika pemerintah Indonesia akan memberikan jawaban terhadap berbagai tantangan tersebut dengan berusaha semaksimal mungkin dalam bidang pendidikan seperti 1) pemerataan pendidikan melalui beasiswa, 2) pendidikan kependudukan guna memberi kesadaran khususnya untuk para generasi muda serta untuk menyediakan sejumlah lapangan pekerjaan, 3) Pengembangan soft skilldan 4) Penguatan karakter Pancasila.Kata kunci : Indonesia, pendidikan, kependudukan, bonus
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In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie
In: Sonderhefte$l55
Das Buch versammelt einschlägige Beiträge im Bereich "Social Demography", der Schnittstelle von soziologischer und demographischer Forschung. In den Einzelbeiträgen wird die Bedeutung klassischer soziologischer Konzepte, wie des Lebenslaufs, des Generationenzusammenhangs und der sozialen Ungleichheit für demographische Prozesse, vor allem der Fertilität, der Migration und der Mortalität herausgearbeitet. Darüber hinaus beinhaltet der Band aktuelle Studien im Bereich soziobiologischer Forschung wie auch zur gesamtgesellschaftlichen Bedeutung demographischer Entwicklungen für moderne Wohlfahrtsstaaten. Die Herausgebenden Prof. Dr. Karsten Hank ist am Institut für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie (ISS) der Universität zu Köln tätig. Prof. Dr. Michaela Kreyenfeld ist am Max-Planck-Institut für demografische Forschung in Rostock und der Hertie School of Governance in Berlin beschäftigt
In: Kajian mengenai subjek demografi dan penduduk 1
Zakat is one of the essential instruments in increasing community welfare as well as enhancing economic growth. To optimize potential zakat in Indonesia, it needs the involvement of various related parties both government and zakat institution and participation of muzakki as well. Based on the previous study it is known that external and internal factors influencing people compliance to pay zakat, external factors could be arisen from the environment, organization/ zakat institution and the obligation, while internal factors could come from religious factors, such as faith, altruism, demographic factors and social awareness. Aim of this study is to examine the influence of religiosity, and demographic factors on zakat. The questionnaire was distributed to 300 muzakki in Kota Tangerang. The findings show that religiosity had significantly related to zakat compliance. Demographic factors in this case gender and educational background have no significant influence on zakat compliance but give a positive effect, while the level of income have both positive impacts and significantly influence on zakat compliance
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Akses pengusaha UKM terhadap sumber pembiayaan hutang masih sangat rendah yaitu hanya 3-18% pengusaha dengan berbagai alasan. Padahal, berbagai program pembinaan, pelatihan teknis dan bantuan permodalan telah diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat maupun daerah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengusaha dalam mengakses sumber-sumber pembiayaan hutang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh usia pengusaha terhadap keputusan pembiayaan utang UKM sektor indutri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng. 2) Pengaruh pendidikan pengusaha terhadap keputusan pembiayaan utang UKM sektor indutri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng. 3) Pengaruh pengalaman pengusaha terhadap keputusan pembiayaan utang UKM sektor indutri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif yang lokasi penelitiannya dilakukan pada UKM sektor industri kerajinan yang ada di Kabupaten Buleleng. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) semakin menigkatnya usia pengusaha akan meningkatkan efektivitas keputusan pembiayaan hutang pada UKM sektor industri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng, 2) semakin tingginya pendidikan pengusaha akan meningkatkan efektivitas keputusan pembiayaan hutang pada UKM sektor industri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng, dan 3) semakin banyaknya pengalaman pengusaha akan meningkatkan efektivitas keputusan pembiayaan hutang pada UKM sektor industri kerajinan di Kabupaten Buleleng.Kata Kunci : usia, pendidikan, pengalaman, keputusan pembiayaan Access of small business entrepreneurs to shopping is still very low only 3-18% of entrepreneurs for various reasons. In fact, various coaching programs, technical training and capital assistance provided by the central or local government to improve the ability of entrepreneurs in accessing financing sources. This study aims to determine: 1) Effect of entrepreneur age to debt financing decision of small business industry sector craft in Buleleng Regency. 2) Effect of entrepreneur education on debt financing decision of small business of industrial sector of handicrafts in Buleleng Regency. 3) Influence of entrepreneur experience to debt financing decision of small business of industrial sector of handicraft in Buleleng Regency. This research is a type of quantitative research whose research location is conducted on small business of handicraft industry sector in Buleleng Regency.The result of this research is 1) the increasing age of the entrepreneur will increase the effectiveness of debt financing decision on small scale business of handicraft industry sector in Buleleng Regency; 2) the higher education of the entrepreneur will increase the effectiveness of debt financing decision on small scale business of handicraft industry sector in Buleleng Regency, and 3) the increasing number of employers' experience will improve the effectiveness of debt financing decisions on small scale businesses in the handicraft industry sector in Buleleng Regency.keyword : age, education, experience, financing decision
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Abstrak - Bagaimana Kondisi Demografi Menjadi Penentu Moral Pajak saat Covid-19?Tujuan Utama - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa faktor demografi yang dapat mempengaruhi moral pajak di masa pandemi covid-19.Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi berganda sebagai metode. Adapun sejumlah wajib pajak di wilayah Surabaya Barat dan Timur menjadi sampel penelitian ini.Temuan Utama - Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan persepsi moral pajak dari aspek demografi saat Covid-19. Umur, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat pendidikan menjadi pemicu moral pajak saat covid-19. Meskipun demikian, faktor sumber penghasilan dan kepercayaan tidak mampu memicu moral pajak.Implikasi Teori dan Kebijakan - Pemerintah perlu membuat sejumlah aturan yang lebih jelas mengenai insentif perpajakan. Selain itu, pemerintah juga dapat menyosialisasikan peraturan tersebut untuk meningkatkan moral pajak. Kebaruan Penelitian – Pengujian terhadap moral pajak saat covid-19 menjadi suatu kebaruan bagi penelitian ini. Abstract - How Demographic Conditions Determine Tax Morale during Covid-19?Main Purpose - This study aims to analyze demographic factors affecting tax morale during the covid-19 pandemic.Method – This study uses multiple regression as a method. Several taxpayers in the area of West and East Surabaya became the sample of this study.Main Findings – This study shows differences in tax morale perceptions from the demographic aspect during Covid-19. Age, gender, and level of education are triggers for tax morale during COVID-19. However, the source of income and trust factors are not able to trigger tax morale.Theory and Practical Implications - The government needs to make several more precise rules regarding tax incentives. In addition, the government can also socialize the regulation to increase tax morale.Novelty – Testing of tax morale during covid-19 is a novelty for this research. ; Abstrak - Faktor Penentu Moral Pajak pada Masa Covid-19Tujuan Utama - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan ...
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Demographic analysis is an important part of electoral strategies. This paper will show that electoral candidates in Indonesian local elections intituitively make use of demographic mapping for formulating their electoral strategies to win the elections. However, they purposefully and selectively target only a set of particular demographic groups that provide them electoral gains while ignoring others. Religious, ethnic, and migrant divisions are seen as more important electorally than gender and rural-urban divisions. To mobilize these groups, they tend to develop non-policy-based or symbolic campaigns instead of formulating policy-based campaigns. As a result, in local elections, primordial issues are more prominent than policy issues. In the short run, demographic analysisis will stay as the main strategic electoral tool for these candidates. In the long run, however, this mode of analysis will have to compete against post-demographic modes of analysis that have started to gain traction among national and local politicians.
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This research aims to find out demographic aspects and how the form of policy is applied to overcome population problems. The research method used was a descriptive approach with household head respondents who settled on the island. The data used are primary, secondary and tertiary data. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics that are presented in the form of percentages, cross tables and images. The results showed that the working age group and young age group were relatively more compared to the old age group, as well as relatively more married and unmarried statuses while the education level and income level were relatively low and the expenditure level was relatively small according to the low income level. In connection with the results of the study, it is recommended that the government or private sector need to provide educational facilities and infrastructure, provide counseling, training and skills to the community in increasing their knowledge or knowledge to get jobs and increase the income of the people of Barrang Lompo Island.
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The purpose of education is directed to be able to produce professional academic graduates for the development of knowledge and improvement of people's living standards. The public's view of the function of Islamic boarding school education is also called the second educational institution, but graduate from Islamic boarding schools and their benefits in community leadership prove that Islamic boarding school education also contributes a lot to national development, Islamic boarding school education as an educational institution to produce good human resources in the face of the demographic bonus to In the future, the demographic bonus is an opportunity for Indonesia but if it is not prepared properly it can become a challenge for Indonesia. If a leader and all elements of the government are able to prepare a professional workforce and are able to create employment opportunities to absorb the entire available workforce. The biggest challenge in preparing the demographic bonus is how the leaders and all staff are able to manage the large population of productive age to be productive from various fields. The purpose of this study is an attempt to explain the concept of the implications of pesantren leadership in preparing moral nation leaders, especially those from pesantren graduates who will be capable in facing the demographic bonus era in the future by having expertise in the field of religion. In this study, using a literature study method with a qualitative approach. ; Dalam konteks pendidikan tujuan pendidikan diarahkan mampu untuk menghasilkan lulusan akademik yang profesional guna pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan serta peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat. Pandangan masyarakat dalam memandang fungsi pendidikan pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan kedua, namun profil dari alumni pesantren dan kiprahnya dalam berbagai bidang kepemimpinan di masyarakat membuktikan bahwa pendidikan pesantren banyak memberikan kontribusi dalam pembangunan bangsa. Masyarakat mulai percaya bahwa pesantren sebagai lembaga tidak hanya sebagai pendidikan alternatif melainkan juga sebagai lembaga pendidikan utama untuk menghasilkan sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang baik dalam menghadapi bonus demografi ke depan, Bonus demografi merupakan peluang bagi Indonesia tetapi kalau tidak dipersiapkan dengan baik bisa menjadi tantangan bagi Indonesia.Jika seorang pemimpin dan semua elemen pemerintah mampu mempersiapkan tenaga kerja yang profesional dan mampu membuka lapangan kerja untuk menyerap seluruh angkatan kerja yang tersedia. Namun sebalikanya jika pemerintah tidak mampu melakukannya yang terjadi di Indonesia adalah negara yang banjir pengangguran di masa depan. Tantangan terbesar dalam mempersiapkan bonus demografi adalah bagaimana pemimpin dan seluruh jajarannya mampu mengelola penduduk berusia produktif yang begitu banyak agar produktif dari berbagai bidang.Karena apabila hanya produktif dari segi usia saja tapi tidak produktif dalam segi ekonomi, pendidikan dan sebagainya justru akan menjadi petaka bagi negara. Selain menyebabkan angka pengangguran yang melonjak hal ini juga akan berdampak negatif bagi kehidupan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk menjelaskan konsep Implikasi kepemimpinan pesantren dalam menyiapkan pemimpin bangsa yang bermoral khususnya yang berasal dari lulusan pesantren akan mumpuni dalam menghadapi era bonus demografi kedepan dengan mempunyai keahlian dibidang agama, bidang pengetahuan umum dan keterampilan calon pemimpin bangsa yang bermoral. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan meode Studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan pesantren, pemimpin bangsa bermoral, bonus demografi
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Pemetaan demografi berbasis digital saat ini diperlukan dalam memudahkan masyarakat khususnya pejabat daerah dalam mengetahui sebaran populasi suatu wilayah. Peta demografi juga dapat menyajikan data statistik tentang tingkat pendidikan suatu wilayah, pekerjaan, usia, dan tanggungan keluarga. Saat ini untuk informasi demografi pada wilayah pemerintahan tingkat desa Kabupaten Bengkalis masih didata secara manual, sehingga untuk memperoleh informasi masyarakat harus mengakses data atau melihat data dikantor desa. Penelitian sistem demografi penduduk tingkat desa ini merupakan aplikasi berbasis web dimana untuk peta wilayah desa dintegrasikan dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas application programming interface (API). Pada sistem ditampilkan peta desa serta batas-batas wilayah untuk tingkat rt/rw dengan menentuka batas longitude dan latitude. Selanjutnya disediakan menu untuk administrator agar dapat menginputkan data-data kependudukan untuk selanjutnya ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik. Adanya sistem ini dapat menghasilkan informasi yang berkualitas, terkini serta berguna untuk pengambil keputusan dalam menentukan kebijakan terhadap penduduk. Hal ini juga membantu pemerintah dalam membangun semangat untuk keterbukaan informasi. Abstract Digital-based demographic mapping is currently required to facilitate the community, especially local officials in knowing the distribution of a region's population. Demographic maps can also provide statistical data about the educational level of a region, occupation, age, and family dependents. Currently, demographic information on the village level of Bengkalis Regency is still recorded manually, so to obtain information the community must access data or view data at the village office. This village population demography system research is a web-based application where the village area map is integrated by utilizing the application programming interface (API) facility. In the system is shown the map of the village as well as the boundaries of the region for rt / rw level by determining the limits of longitude and latitude. Further provided the menu for administrators in order to menginputkan data demography for the next displayed in graphical form. The existence of this system can produce quality information, current and useful for decision makers in determining the policy against the population. It also helps the government in building a passion for information disclosure.
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In: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Band 35, Heft 3, S. 409-414