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The paper explores the causes of the Middle East conflicts. The author considers that apart from historical & religious roots the main causes are the importance of the energy deposits, great & regional powers competition & collisions over energy resources, the complexity of water management in the region for its scarcity, traditional, religious & ethnic differences, social differentiations & conflicts, growing poverty among majority of people, demographic problems. The persistence & not solving of these problems clearly indicate that local terrorisms, wars & armed confrontations remain the ominous feature of the region, concludes the author. References. Adapted from the source document.

Republiku Hrvatsku kroz povijest je zahvatilo nekoliko velikih iseljeničkih valova. Posljednji val iseljavanja započeo je pristupanjem Republike Hrvatske Europskoj uniji 2013. godine, a traje i danas. Razvijene zemlje Europske unije poput Njemačke, Austrije i Irske postale su glavno odredište hrvatskih iseljenika u potrazi za boljim životom. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je utvrditi stvarno stanje o broju iseljenih Hrvata iz Republike Hrvatske, usporediti podatke sa službenom statistikom Republike Hrvatske te dati zaključak o mogućim posljedicama iseljavanja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se iseljavanje hrvatskih državljana ne može pratiti prema službenim podacima Državnog zavoda za statistiku jer oni nisu usklađeni sa statističkim podacima zemalja emigracije, odnosno broj prijavljenih hrvatskih doseljenika veći je u prosjeku za 62 % od službenih podataka Republike Hrvatske. Prognoze budućih migracija hrvatskih državljana upućuju na gubitak 20 % stanovništva u sljedećih trideset godina zbog čega je već sada potrebno razvijati nove ekonomske, mirovinske, obrazovne i ostale politike koje utječu na demografske promjene. ; The Republic of Croatia has seen several large emigration waves throughout history. The last wave of emigration began with the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union in 2013 and continues today. Developed European Union countries such as Germany, Austria and Ireland have become a major destination for Croatian expatriates in search of a better life. The aim of this research is to determine the actual status of the number of Croat emigrants from the Republic of Croatia, to compare the data with the official statistics of the Republic of Croatia and to conclude on the possible consequences of emigration. The results of the research show that the emigration of Croatian citizens cannot be monitored according to the official data of the Central Bureau of Statistics because they are not harmonized with the statistics of the emigration countries, i.e. the number of reported Croatian immigrants is on average 62% higher than the official data of the Republic of Croatia. Forecasts of future migration of Croatian citizens indicate that 20% of the population will lose over the next 30 years, which is why it is already necessary to develop new economic, pension, education and other policies that affect demographic change.

The development of awareness of human rights is an important part of the process of the democratization of democracy: the development of citizens' participation, civil society, people's self-protection, self-development, & self-fulfillment. The awareness of rights should be understood as an awareness of "the right to the possibility" of personal action, & not only as the right to "unbounded" activity. Human rights should be understood as being empowered to realize the freedom for something & not only the freedom from something. That is why the awareness of human rights is increasingly becoming part of people's civic & democratic political culture. The research has shown how the human rights awareness increases the democratization potential of any country & that the development of this awareness does not depend so much on social demography (class, gender, education, age) -- though there are some inter-ethnic differences -- as on the leftist political inclinations. This has been corroborated by our survey of Croatian university students. The research has also shown that the average number of respected rights is relatively high in many countries, but that there are significant differences regarding certain rights. 3 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

Predmet istraživanja rada je utjecaj jedinica lokalne i regionalne samouprave Varaždinske županije na formiranje populacijske politike. Analizom statističkih podataka prikazana su osnovna demografska obilježja županije. Opisana je problematika demografske politike u Hrvatskoj od osamostaljenja do danas i identificirane su ovlasti koje imaju općine, upravni gradovi i županije za provedbu mjera populacijske politike. Intenzitet i efikasnost postojećih demografskih mjera lokalne i regionalne samouprave Varaždinske županije analizirane su uz pomoć proračunskih dokumenata i službenih odgovora dobivenih putem zahtjeva za pristupom informacijama. Poseban osvrt napravljen je na strategije razvoja lokalne samouprave i njihova odnosa prema demografiji u budućnosti. Zaključno su predložene mjere demografskog oporavka Varaždinske županije koje mogu provesti upravni gradovi i općine. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako su mjere koje provodi lokalna uprava nesustavne, neučinkovite (izostaje porast nataliteta), bez definiranih ciljeva i vremenskih rokova te da populacijsku politiku mora provoditi država. ; The thesis topic and subject of research is influence of the local and regional self-government units in Varaždin County on the development of population policy. The analysis of statistical data shows the basic demographic characteristics of the County. Demographic policy issues in Croatia are described since independence, and the authority of municipalities, towns and counties for implementation of population policy measures has been identified. The intensity and efficiency of existing demographic measures of local and regional self-government units of Varaždin County were analyzed using budget documents and official responses received through requests for access to information. A special review was made on local self-government development strategies and their attitude towards demography in the future. In conclusion are proposed measures of demographic recovery of Varaždin County, which can be implemented by towns and ...

Članak pruža interdisciplinarni uvid u svjesno inicirane ekonomske i okolišne promjene na primjeru ranonovovjekovnoga pothvata privatnoga projekta isušivanja močvara na feudalnom posjedu Borelli u Vrani. Cilj usporedbe kartografskih i demografskih statističkih podataka bio je pronaći naznake promjena koje je okolišni zahvat izazvao te kvantificirati ekonomski, ekološki i demografski napredak u promatranim izvorima. Fokus je stavljen na pronalaženje konkretne veze između proširivanja obradivih površina isušivanjem i postupnoga sveukupnog razvitka Ravnih kotara. Pokušaj kvantitativne analize kartografskih izvora nije ponudio mjerljive rezultate, prije svega zbog kartometrijske i sadržajne neusporedivosti dostupnih izvora. Kvalitativna je analiza pokazala da je isušivanje močvara te bonifikacija potencijalno vrlo plodna tla, uz naseljavanje novih stočarskih poreznih obveznika u nepovoljnim okolnostima, predstavljalo tek jednu od pretpostavaka za demografski rast. S druge su strane mletačko-osmansko ratovanje i političko-vojni pritisci na duže vrijeme pretvorili Vranu, nekada plodnu žitnicu, u ekološki nestabilan, ekonomski i socijalno devastiran te demografski opustošen kraj. ; This paper shows interdisciplinary insight into economy-driven early modern environmental change, using the example of the privately financed venture of marshland reclamation on Count Borelli's Vrana Estate. The research goal was to compare cartographic and demographic statistical sources to see how such an improvement was represented in correlated data, and if certain quantitative features of ecological, economic, and demographic development could be accurately measured. The focus was on the direct relationship between the enlargement of arable fields by drainage and the gradual overall advancement of the area. Quantitative analysis failed to offer reliable results, primarily due to inconsistent cartometric and content comparability of available sources. Qualitative analysis revealed that marshland drainage and soil improvement of potentially very fertile land, along with the colonisation of new inhabitants as agrarian land users and taxpayers, provided a moderate opportunity for demographic increase in rather depressive circumstances. Due to Venetian-Ottoman wars, the once agriculturally prosperous area of Vrana was rendered into an ecologically-unstable, economically-devastated, politically and militarily-pressured, socially-wrecked, and demographically half-deserted landscape.

The education system per se, despite its central position in the field of study proclaimed by the scholarly community of Comparative and International Education, has never taken a central stage/role in Comparative and International Education scholarly enquiry. Through the various stages of its history, Comparative and International Education research has either focused on the societal-contextual forces (geography, demography, social system, economy, political system, religio-philosophical viewpoints) shaping education or on the societal outcomes/effects of education, to such an extent that the education system has always remained the blind spot in the centre of the field. A model explaining the structure of the education system which shows the components of "the" education system and their interrelationships has resultantly not been developed. This article attempts to address this shortcoming by discussing and outlining the structure of the education system on the basis of recent epistemological developments. Four components of the education system, along with their elements, are identified: education system policy, organisation and administration, structure for teaching, and support services. ; Obrazovni sustav per se, usprkos svojoj središnjoj ulozi za koju se zauzimaju stručnjaci unutar Komparativne i međunarodne edukacije nikada nije bio u žarištu znanstvenih istraživanja u spomenutom području. Istraživanja unutar Komparativne i međunarodne edukacije do sada su, u različitim razdobljima svoje povijesti, bila usredotočena ili na društveno-kontekstne snage (geografiju, demografiju, društveni sustav, ekonomiju, politički sustav, religijsko-filozofski svjetonazor) koje oblikuju obrazovanje ili na ishode/učinke obrazovanja na društvo do te mjere da je obrazovni sustav uvijek ostajao nejasan u odnosu na glavni dio toga područja. Stoga još uvijek nije razvijen model koji bi objasnio strukturu obrazovnog sustava prikazujući komponente ,,obrazovnog sustava" i njihove međusobne odnose. U ovom se radu nastoji istaknuti taj nedostatak putem rasprave i prikaza strukture obrazovnog sustava na temelju novijih epistemoloških razvojnih ideja. Identificirane su četiri komponente obrazovnog sustava, kao i njihovi elementi, a to su: politika obrazovnog sustava, organizacija i administracija, struktura potrebna za nastavu i službe podrške.

Najvažniji izvor zapošljavanja su mala i srednja poduzeća, kojih nažalost više propadne nego uspije, što uzrokuje strah od poduzetništva. Cilj istraživanja bio je ustanoviti stope preživljavanja poduzeća u Republici Hrvatskoj i Europskoj uniji (EU), kako poduzetnici proživljavaju poslovni neuspjeh te kakva bi im stručna pomoć trebala da se što prije oporave i motiviraju za drugu poduzetničku šansu. Provedeno je istraživanje literature i sekundarnih izvora o demografiji poduzeća u EU i Republici Hrvatskoj te mjerama pomoći koje predlaže Europska komisija. Stopa preživljavanja poduzeća pet godina nakon osnivanja u EU je prosječno oko 20%, a u Hrvatskoj oko 18 %. Intervjuirano je šest hrvatskih poduzetnika koji su bar jednom preživjeli poslovni neuspjeh i odlučili pokušati ponovo. Uz nedovoljnu pripremljenost pothvata, neiskustvo i nedovoljna menadžerska znanja, kao uzrok propasti svojih poduzeća naveli su tešku ekonomsku situaciju i odlazak partnera. Preživjeli su koristeći podršku obitelji i dvojni proces žalosti što im je pomoglo umanjiti sekundarne izvore stresa. Kao pouku iz doživljenog neuspjeha navode strpljivost, upornost, ne odustajanje od svojih ciljeva, pronalaženje efikasnih rješenja, pozitivniji način razmišljanja, duhovni rast i novi sustav vrijednosti, što im je davalo motivaciju za drugu poduzetničku šansu. Učinkovita stručna pomoć morala bi se nastavljati na preventivne programe ranog upozorenja i zakonodavstvo koje bi poštenim poduzetnicima omogućilo što brži i bezbolniji stečaj. Stručna pomoć za vrijeme i nakon stečaja trebala bi biti poslovna, pravna i psihološko-duhovna, kao kombinacija informiranja, obrazovanja i osobnog savjetovanja. Morala bi se nadopunjavati podrškom obitelji i kolega poduzetnika koji su već prošli sličnu situaciju. ; The most important sources of employment are small and medium-sized businesses, which, unfortunately, tend to fail, causing fear of entrepreneurship. The aim of the research was to establish the survival rate of companies in Croatia and the EU, as entrepreneurs experience business failure, and to determine the professional assistance that would be required to recover and motivate them for a second entrepreneurial chance. A survey of the literature and secondary sources on enterprises demography in the EU and the Republic of Croatia was carried out, as well as the aid measures proposed by the European Commission. The survival rate of a company five years after its establishment in the EU is, on average, about 20%, and around 18% in Croatia. The six Croatian entrepreneurs that had been interviewed survived business failure at least once and decided to try again. Along with insufficiently prepared research, inexperience and insufficient managerial knowledge, they indicated difficult economic situation and departure of partners as reasons their companies collapsed. They survived with family support and by using the Dual Process Model of Grief, which helped them reduce secondary sources of stress. As the lessons learned from the experience of failure, they mention patience, persistence, not abandoning their goals, finding effective solutions, a more positive way of thinking, spiritual growth, and a new value system, providing them with motivation for a second chance. Effective expert assistance should continue through precautionary early warning programs and legislation, which would allow the bankruptcy to be as quick and as painless as possible for honest entrepreneurs. Expert assistance should be available during and after the bankruptcy. Specifically, business-related, legal, as well as psychological and spiritual assistance, as a combination of information, education and personal counseling. It should complement the support of their families and fellow entrepreneurs who have already been in a similar situation.