Lithuania has been a target of Russia's soft power efforts for the past two decades. The aim of this article is to analyse Russia's soft power influence possibilities in Lithuania. First, it analyzes how soft power is interpreted in Russia compared to the Western conception. Then, Russia's soft power instruments and their core goals are reviewed, not all of which fall under the category of "soft power instruments" according to the Western understanding. The article proceeds with demographic changes in Lithuania and trends of consumption of Russian culture and information in Lithuania. The main argument is that Russia is not aiming to apply soft power to the general Lithuanian society but to particular groups within the population (Russophone minorities and residents with sentiments for the Soviet Union). It can be assumed that demographic trends and Russia's aggressive actions will increasingly limit its soft power capabilities. However, the greatest setback to Russia's soft power in Lithuania is arguably caused by its continuing reliance on hard power when it comes to countries of the post-Soviet space.
Lithuania has been a target of Russia's soft power efforts for the past two decades. The aim of this article is to analyse Russia's soft power influence possibilities in Lithuania. First, it analyzes how soft power is interpreted in Russia compared to the Western conception. Then, Russia's soft power instruments and their core goals are reviewed, not all of which fall under the category of "soft power instruments" according to the Western understanding. The article proceeds with demographic changes in Lithuania and trends of consumption of Russian culture and information in Lithuania. The main argument is that Russia is not aiming to apply soft power to the general Lithuanian society but to particular groups within the population (Russophone minorities and residents with sentiments for the Soviet Union). It can be assumed that demographic trends and Russia's aggressive actions will increasingly limit its soft power capabilities. However, the greatest setback to Russia's soft power in Lithuania is arguably caused by its continuing reliance on hard power when it comes to countries of the post-Soviet space.
Lithuania has been a target of Russia's soft power efforts for the past two decades. The aim of this article is to analyse Russia's soft power influence possibilities in Lithuania. First, it analyzes how soft power is interpreted in Russia compared to the Western conception. Then, Russia's soft power instruments and their core goals are reviewed, not all of which fall under the category of "soft power instruments" according to the Western understanding. The article proceeds with demographic changes in Lithuania and trends of consumption of Russian culture and information in Lithuania. The main argument is that Russia is not aiming to apply soft power to the general Lithuanian society but to particular groups within the population (Russophone minorities and residents with sentiments for the Soviet Union). It can be assumed that demographic trends and Russia's aggressive actions will increasingly limit its soft power capabilities. However, the greatest setback to Russia's soft power in Lithuania is arguably caused by its continuing reliance on hard power when it comes to countries of the post-Soviet space.
Various statistical indicators suggest that in less than 25 years Lithuania will become one of the oldest countries in the EU. This demographic shift has, and will have a significant economic, social and political impact. Although according to the ageing indicators Lithuania does not belong to the EU leaders, the pace of ageing during the period since the beginning of the 1990s was among the fastest. Eurostat projections suggest that pace of ageing will continue to be very fast: by the year 2050 every third person (32.3%) in Lithuania is expected to be aged 65+, and the population above the age of 60 to constitute 39%. With a view to improving active ageing opportunities in Lithuania in the future, it is appropriate to enhance opportunities for people in retirement age to stay in the labour market, improve the accessibility of adult learning programmes and free-time activities for them. It should be noted that one of the main challenges d
Various statistical indicators suggest that in less than 25 years Lithuania will become one of the oldest countries in the EU. This demographic shift has, and will have a significant economic, social and political impact. Although according to the ageing indicators Lithuania does not belong to the EU leaders, the pace of ageing during the period since the beginning of the 1990s was among the fastest. Eurostat projections suggest that pace of ageing will continue to be very fast: by the year 2050 every third person (32.3%) in Lithuania is expected to be aged 65+, and the population above the age of 60 to constitute 39%. With a view to improving active ageing opportunities in Lithuania in the future, it is appropriate to enhance opportunities for people in retirement age to stay in the labour market, improve the accessibility of adult learning programmes and free-time activities for them. It should be noted that one of the main challenges d
Various statistical indicators suggest that in less than 25 years Lithuania will become one of the oldest countries in the EU. This demographic shift has, and will have a significant economic, social and political impact. Although according to the ageing indicators Lithuania does not belong to the EU leaders, the pace of ageing during the period since the beginning of the 1990s was among the fastest. Eurostat projections suggest that pace of ageing will continue to be very fast: by the year 2050 every third person (32.3%) in Lithuania is expected to be aged 65+, and the population above the age of 60 to constitute 39%. With a view to improving active ageing opportunities in Lithuania in the future, it is appropriate to enhance opportunities for people in retirement age to stay in the labour market, improve the accessibility of adult learning programmes and free-time activities for them. It should be noted that one of the main challenges d
Various statistical indicators suggest that in less than 25 years Lithuania will become one of the oldest countries in the EU. This demographic shift has, and will have a significant economic, social and political impact. Although according to the ageing indicators Lithuania does not belong to the EU leaders, the pace of ageing during the period since the beginning of the 1990s was among the fastest. Eurostat projections suggest that pace of ageing will continue to be very fast: by the year 2050 every third person (32.3%) in Lithuania is expected to be aged 65+, and the population above the age of 60 to constitute 39%. With a view to improving active ageing opportunities in Lithuania in the future, it is appropriate to enhance opportunities for people in retirement age to stay in the labour market, improve the accessibility of adult learning programmes and free-time activities for them. It should be noted that one of the main challenges d
Various statistical indicators suggest that in less than 25 years Lithuania will become one of the oldest countries in the EU. This demographic shift has, and will have a significant economic, social and political impact. Although according to the ageing indicators Lithuania does not belong to the EU leaders, the pace of ageing during the period since the beginning of the 1990s was among the fastest. Eurostat projections suggest that pace of ageing will continue to be very fast: by the year 2050 every third person (32.3%) in Lithuania is expected to be aged 65+, and the population above the age of 60 to constitute 39%. With a view to improving active ageing opportunities in Lithuania in the future, it is appropriate to enhance opportunities for people in retirement age to stay in the labour market, improve the accessibility of adult learning programmes and free-time activities for them. It should be noted that one of the main challenges d
Topic of the thesis is the implementation of one - child policy in China: the demographic and economic consequences. China's situation is unique because its demographic evolution was influenced by various birth planning policies. The greatest impact for the country development had a one - child policy, which formally were implemented since 1979 until 2015. The problem of this thesis is related to China's one-child policy, its development, demographic and economic changes during its implementation. The main object of this master's thesis is one–child policy and its impact on the main demographic and economic indicators. The aim is to find out if the one-child policy introduced in 1979 was successful and resulted in a positive demographic and economic changes. To achieve the aim of the thesis, were formulated following tasks: after the analysis of the demographic theories, construct theoretical approach which help assess the demographic situation in China; an overview the birth planning policies development until the one-child policy implementation in 1979; analyze the one-child policy characteristics of the implementation, development, application methods; perform an analysis of demographic characteristics until the one-child policy (1949 - 1979) and after (1979 - 2015); analyze macroeconomic indicators until the one-child policy (1949 - 1979) and after (1979-2015). The results showed that in China 1970 – 1979, before the implementation of the one-child policy, the country has experienced a dramatic decline in fertility due to the strict birth planning policy initiated by Mao Zedong. After Mao's death, when Deng Xiaoping became a political leader of China, he decided to to revive the country's economy, so country needed a new birth planning policy. In 1979, was introduced the one-child policy, according to which the state formally controlled the family planning process. Implementation of this policy for the past 35 years caused the problems such as rapid aging of society, striking gender imbalance, decreasing labor resources, low birth rates. However, despite these problems, demographic and economic indicators analysis showed that the one-child policy achieved its objectives and helped China to become one of the strongest countries in the world. One-child policy reduced rapid population growth, increased gross domestic product, significantly improved gross domestic product per capita, due to the low birth rate raised the part of economically active population, increased investments of the country.
Topic of the thesis is the implementation of one - child policy in China: the demographic and economic consequences. China's situation is unique because its demographic evolution was influenced by various birth planning policies. The greatest impact for the country development had a one - child policy, which formally were implemented since 1979 until 2015. The problem of this thesis is related to China's one-child policy, its development, demographic and economic changes during its implementation. The main object of this master's thesis is one–child policy and its impact on the main demographic and economic indicators. The aim is to find out if the one-child policy introduced in 1979 was successful and resulted in a positive demographic and economic changes. To achieve the aim of the thesis, were formulated following tasks: after the analysis of the demographic theories, construct theoretical approach which help assess the demographic situation in China; an overview the birth planning policies development until the one-child policy implementation in 1979; analyze the one-child policy characteristics of the implementation, development, application methods; perform an analysis of demographic characteristics until the one-child policy (1949 - 1979) and after (1979 - 2015); analyze macroeconomic indicators until the one-child policy (1949 - 1979) and after (1979-2015). The results showed that in China 1970 – 1979, before the implementation of the one-child policy, the country has experienced a dramatic decline in fertility due to the strict birth planning policy initiated by Mao Zedong. After Mao's death, when Deng Xiaoping became a political leader of China, he decided to to revive the country's economy, so country needed a new birth planning policy. In 1979, was introduced the one-child policy, according to which the state formally controlled the family planning process. Implementation of this policy for the past 35 years caused the problems such as rapid aging of society, striking gender imbalance, decreasing labor resources, low birth rates. However, despite these problems, demographic and economic indicators analysis showed that the one-child policy achieved its objectives and helped China to become one of the strongest countries in the world. One-child policy reduced rapid population growth, increased gross domestic product, significantly improved gross domestic product per capita, due to the low birth rate raised the part of economically active population, increased investments of the country.
The main issue analyzed in the paper is policy design and its outcome on the social construction of single mother families and its effect on their wellbeing and life opportunities. Literature review and qualitative legislation documents analysis have been conducted to demonstrate how single mothers are perceived and treated in the context of social policy in Lithuania. The main findings of the paper show that in Lithuania, social policy is concentrated on controlling demography and therefore promotes traditional families and multi-child families. Meanwhile, single mother families are rather neglected and are not recognized by family policy as a group of a specific importance.
The main issue analyzed in the paper is policy design and its outcome on the social construction of single mother families and its effect on their wellbeing and life opportunities. Literature review and qualitative legislation documents analysis have been conducted to demonstrate how single mothers are perceived and treated in the context of social policy in Lithuania. The main findings of the paper show that in Lithuania, social policy is concentrated on controlling demography and therefore promotes traditional families and multi-child families. Meanwhile, single mother families are rather neglected and are not recognized by family policy as a group of a specific importance.
The main issue analyzed in the paper is policy design and its outcome on the social construction of single mother families and its effect on their wellbeing and life opportunities. Literature review and qualitative legislation documents analysis have been conducted to demonstrate how single mothers are perceived and treated in the context of social policy in Lithuania. The main findings of the paper show that in Lithuania, social policy is concentrated on controlling demography and therefore promotes traditional families and multi-child families. Meanwhile, single mother families are rather neglected and are not recognized by family policy as a group of a specific importance.
The main issue analyzed in the paper is policy design and its outcome on the social construction of single mother families and its effect on their wellbeing and life opportunities. Literature review and qualitative legislation documents analysis have been conducted to demonstrate how single mothers are perceived and treated in the context of social policy in Lithuania. The main findings of the paper show that in Lithuania, social policy is concentrated on controlling demography and therefore promotes traditional families and multi-child families. Meanwhile, single mother families are rather neglected and are not recognized by family policy as a group of a specific importance.
Today's migration is the biggest people movement in all-time. In late decades this phenomenon takes about two hundred million. It becomes more complicated economic, social, cultural, political and religious problem. Work mobility influences demographic and economic situation. In this work this influence will be estimated by using regression method. In the first part of this work the theoretical discourses of migration are analysed, in the second – the demographic and economic situations, influenced by labour force mobility between three countries (Ireland, Poland, Lithuania) are compared and in the third part – the correlations between migration and demographic and economic rates are found and the three scenarios (optimistic, realistic, pessimistic) are designed.
