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"In conjunction with an extensive critical survey of recent advances and controversies in Roman demography, the four case-studies in this volume illustrate a variety of different approaches to the study of ancient population history. The contributions address a number of crucial issues in Roman demography from the evolution of the academic field to seasonal patterns of fertility, the number of Roman citizens, population pressure in the early Roman empire, and the end of classical urbanism in late antiquity. This is the first collaborative volume of its kind. It is designed to introduce ancient historians and classicists to demographic, comparative and interdisciplinary perspectives, and to situate and contextualize Roman population studies in the wider ambit of historical demography."--Jacket

Activity during 1960-1965 period in ecological & demographic res is traced on a number of dimensions. For both disciplines a definition of the field is advanced & special emphasis placed upon the various sub-areas of concentration. An outline of recent developments is presented for each subarea of specialization summarizing: (1) what types of conceptual frameworks have been brought to bear against what problems, (2) who are the principal investigators & supporting agencies, & (3) bibliographic locations of the complete analysis & additional related source materials. Recent major advances in human ecology include Duncan's 'ecosystem' approach as a general ecological orientation; the attempts of Sjoberg, Schnore, Bogue & Beale, & others to overcome an historical limitation of temporal & cultural scope in ecological res; & the increased sophistication of census tabulations & cross-tabulations as a spur to more diverse & extensive study. The signif excess of activity in demographic areas over that in human ecology is attributed to the greater interdisciplinary & internat'l nature of demography, & its growing salience for gov'al policy & planning purposes. Foremost developments in demography have stemmed from the fertility & fam planning studies. Intense activity is also noted in the innovations in mathematical demography & methods, interaction of pop & econ growth, & the voluminous production of popular literature stressing pop problems. AA.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- References -- Part I Analyzing Theories of Family Demography -- 2 Reformulating Second Demographic Transition Theory -- 2.1 First Change: Independent Variation of SDT Outcomes -- 2.2 Second Change: Patterns of Advantage and Disadvantage -- 2.3 Reformulated SDT Theory Applied to Sweden -- 2.3.1 Retreat from Marriage -- 2.3.2 Dispersion of Childbearing Outside Marriage -- 2.3.3 Opposite Trends for Different SDT Indicators -- 2.4 Discussion: Individualization as a Theoretical Foundation -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Do People Have Reproductive Goals? Constructive Preferences and the Discovery of Desired Family Size -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Background -- 3.1.2 Concepts -- 3.2 The Prevalence of and Basis for Uncertainty -- 3.2.1 Are People Really Uncertain About Their Future Fertility? -- 3.2.2 Uncertainty in the Context of Preferences -- 3.2.2.1 Indifference, Weak or Unclear Preferences -- 3.2.2.2 Clear Positive Preferences -- 3.2.2.3 Clear Negative Preferences -- 3.2.3 Further Evidence That Uncertainty Is Genuine -- 3.2.4 Summary -- 3.3 An Alternative Theoretical Approach to Fertility Preferences and Intentions -- 3.3.1 Preference Construction Theory -- 3.3.2 Fertility Intentions and Preferences as Constructed -- 3.3.2.1 Effective Preferences -- 3.3.2.2 Stated Preferences: Responses to Survey Questions -- 3.4 Discussion -- References -- 4 Consensual Union and Marriage in Brazil, 1970-2010. Gender Equality, Legal Issues and Social Context -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Background -- 4.2.1 Consensual Union in Latin America -- 4.2.2 Social and Cultural Aspects of Consensual Union and Marriage in Brazil -- 4.2.3 Legal Aspects of Consensual Union in Brazil -- 4.2.4 Gender Equality, Independence, Consensual Union and Marriage -- 4.3 Objectives and Hypotheses -- 4.3.1 Age and Education.

This paper is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Stanovnistvo
(Population) journal, launched by the Center for demographic research in
Belgrade in 1963. The anniversary is an opportunity to reflect on
developments and trends in demography as a discipline, thus the paper points
out certain specifics of these developments. The specifics discussed mirror
the author's choice, which was guided primarily by the criterion of
interestingness, but also by the intention to make a survey. Hence points
about the development of demography are backed by insights made by a number
of other demographers. The major source of references were papers and
speeches given on similar occasions - anniversaries of journals,
anniversaries of associations of demographers, as well as special issues of
journals dedicated to theory and methodology. Certain points are also made
based on other sources of reference. The major part of the paper is related
to transformations of demography, which has started as a predominantly formal
discipline and has developed into a social and interdisciplinary field.
Topical and methodological expansion of demography induces mixed reactions
among demographers. Ones welcome its diversification, whereas others see such
changes as signs of abandoning the essence of demography. This makes it
harder and harder to define the area of demographic research. Changes in
demography are mostly studied from the standpoint of polarized dimensions:
quantitative-qualitative, macro-micro, and, in the context of
diversification, formal demography vs. population studies. Another important
segment of development trends in demography is that of improving its
vocabulary, which is affected by other fields related to demography.
Terminological changes are also related to the specification of certain
branches and subfields of demography. For instance, anthropological and
spatial demography have roots in earlier development phases of demography.
Still, these terms have become popular at a later stage, only when the
methodological and cognitive capacities of the corresponding research
approaches have increased. The paper also indicates that demographers do not
find new inspiration only outside of the core demographic problems. As an
example, man fertility is briefly discussed as an increasingly popular topic
in literature during the last decade. Finally, attractive presentation of
demographic content is found to be very important for visibility and
applicability of demography, which is illustrated by interpreting some of the
most frequently videos related to demography on YouTube. The paper concludes
that different paths that open during the development of demography are not
incompatible, that they represent demographers' diverse choices, and that
they all contribute to strengthening the field.

Introduction / Samuel H. Preston and Linda G. Martin -- The formal demography of population aging, transfers, and the economic life cycle / Ronald D. Lee -- Retirement and labor force behavior of the elderly / Joseph F. Quinn and Richard V. Burkhauser -- Income, wealth, and intergenerational economic relations of the aged / Douglas Holtz-Eakin and Timothy M. Smeeding -- The elderly and their kin : patterns of availability and access / Douglas A. Wolf -- Care of the elderly : division of labor among the family, market, and state / Beth J. Soldo and Vicki A. Freedman -- Medical demography : interaction of disability dynamics and mortality / Kenneth G. Manton and Eric Stallard -- Socioeconomic differences in adult mortality and health status / Samuel H. Preston and Paul Taubman -- Geographic concentration, migration, and population redistribution among the elderly / Frank D. Bean, George C. Myers, Jacqueline L. Angel, and Omer R. Galle -- Research on the demography of aging in developing countries / Linda G. Martin and Kevin Kinsella.

By bringing together top-notch demographers, sociologists, economists, statisticians and public health specialists from Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America to examine a wide variety of public and private issues in applied demography, this book spans a wide range of topics. It evaluates population estimates and projections against actual census counts and suggests further improvement of estimates and projection techniques and evaluation procedures; new techniques are proposed for estimating families and households and particular attention is paid to the much-discussed topic of access to health care. Coverage extends to factors influencing health status and elder abuse, child bearing and labor market analysis and the effects of education on labor market outcomes of native white American and immigrant European populations. Methodologically rigorous and pragmatically useful, Emerging Techniques in Applied Demography also examines a wide variety of public and private issues under the field of applied demography. It provides a broad overview of research topics and also reflects substantial development in the field of applied demography. It also bridges the gap between theory and research by providing several examples of work of distinguished applied demographic

A review essay on a book by Shlomo Sand, trans. Yael Lotan, The Invention of the Jewish People (Verso, 2009).