Website esd.cnam.fr The importance of the descriptive task in manestion-Métaphore sciences, image and figure Summary This text is organised as follows. After an introduction on the issue of the narrative, he elaborated on: The importance of the discursive task (history and 'historicisation', history and colportage, stories in organisational discourse, history as a discipline, as a demonstration, as a method and as an anthropology), Organisational discourse as an organisational figure, history and chronology, An overview of the management literature (works of 'aero platforms' sold following the same logic as best sellers, books written by 'academics', periodicals aligned with that of the press, academic journals, professional literature), metaphors and images in management sciences, model and metaphor, metaphor, metonymy and other style figures, models, metaphors and references, Ethos and organisational behaviour, The status of analogy in management sciences, Figures and configurations (as passive identification given an environment), Idealtype, stereotypes and prejudices, Mythe Organisational, "Frontier objects". The text ends on five focus: "Mapping" and "map", Participant Observation, Visual Studies, The Communicative Constitution of Organising, and Emmanuel Lev-Ethics as an opening to the other (the fundamental principles of Lev-thought — experience of the Beer and ontology, fake exits from the other: perseverance in the other and the reduction of the other to the same, the experience of real transcendence, the transition from the other to ethics and politics, current criticisms and interests). ; Site web esd.cnam.fr L'importance de la tâche descriptive en sciences de gestion-Métaphore, image et figure Résumé Ce texte est organisé de la manière suivante. Après une introduction consacrée à la question du récit, il développe : L'importance de la tâche discursive (Histoires et « historicisation », Histoire et colportage, des histoires dans le discours organisationnel, l'Histoire comme discipline, comme ...
This paper looks at the relationship between social representations & political representation of immigrants, in organizations that purport to speak in the name of minority francophone communities in Canada. On the one hand, I examine organizations' discourse about immigrants & immigration, & on the other, I study the descriptive political representation of immigrants within the organizations. Discourse analysis reveals an evolution from a standpoint that presents immigrants as permanently different to a more inclusive description of immigrants' place within the francophone communities or a form of integrated pluralism. In terms of political representation, although there is great variety between provincial organizations, one can conclude that immigrants are overrepresented among the organizations' employees, but slightly underrepresented in most organizations' administrative offices. Adapted from the source document.
Work to highlight the positive aspect of learning the various by the exotic architecture of the end of the 19th century. In Paris: the understanding of the exotic can only be achieved by "levelling up" the necessary relationship elsewhere, its forms, materials, etc. Or its fantasmatic representation. ; Travail visant à souligner l'aspect positif de l'apprentissage du divers par l'architecture exotique de la fin du XIXe siècle. A Paris : sachant que la compréhension de l'exotique ne peut passer que par la "mise à plat" de la nécessaire relation à l'ailleurs, ses formes, ses matériaux . Ou sa représentation fantasmatique.
Introduction: Despite the existence of a wide range of contraceptive options, the increase in number of abortions reflects the need to provide new contraceptive solutions and to place the couple at the heart of the debate. In contrast to the large number of contraceptive options for women, the arsenal of devices for men is still limited. Thermal male contraception, developed 30 years ago, still suffers a lack of medical democratization which counterbalances with men's growing interest in it. Yet, General Practitioners, who are the main prescribers of contraception, do not seem sufficiently informed to offer this alternative to their patients. Objectives: To carry out an inventory of the knowledge of General Practitioners about thermal testicular contraception in the AURA region. Analysis of their representations of thermal testicular contraception (TTC) and their motivation to benefit from additional information. Material and method: Realization of a quantitative cross-sectional study of descriptive type via a questionnaire sent by mail to the physicians or distributed by the CDOM in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes between July 2021 and September 2021. The results were analyzed using the Jamovi software with the Chi2 test. Results: We included 153 responses in the analysis. Among these, 30.1% of doctors appeared to be aware of the TTC, most notably in the form of the undergarment (29.1% versus 17.9% for the ring). The location of practice, additional training courses about contraception and the mode of practice (planning or orthogenetic center) all have a statistically significant link with the knowledge of the TTC among the doctors questioned. After presenting them a brief and synthetic piece of information, 94.6% showed an interest in additional information and 53.5% felt ready to suggest it to their patients. We can underline that 51.3% are in favor of popularizing TTC, so that it could be suggested to patients the same way female contraceptives are. Conclusion: Male contraception is a topic that motivates a number of national and international clinical trials. Although still in the experimental stage, the results are promising. In response to the increasing demand of patient, General Practitioners would be willing to support TTC projects, provided that additional information and solid scientific evidence are available. ; Introduction : Malgré l'existence d'un panel contraceptif important, la progression du nombre d'IVG traduit la nécessité de proposer de nouvelles solutions de contrôle de leur fertilité aux couples. En miroir d'un grand nombre d'options contraceptives féminines, l'arsenal des dispositifs destinés aux hommes est encore restreint. La contraception masculine thermique (CTT), développée il y a une trentaine d'années, souffre encore d'un manque de démocratisation médicale contrebalançant l'intérêt croissant des hommes à son égard. Les médecins généralistes, principaux prescripteurs de contraception, ne semblent toujours pas suffisamment informés pour proposer cette alternative à leurs patients. Objectifs : Réalisation d'un état des lieux des connaissances des médecins généralistes de l'AURA (Auvergne Rhône-Alpes) sur la contraception testiculaire thermique. Analyse de leurs représentations sur la CTT et de leur motivation à bénéficier d'informations supplémentaires. Matériel et méthode : Réalisation d'une étude descriptive transversale via un auto-questionnaire envoyé par mail aux médecins d'Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes entre juillet 2021 et septembre 2021. L'analyse des résultats a été réalisée à l'aide du logiciel Jamovi avec le test du Chi2. Résultats : Nous avons analysé 153 réponses. Parmi ces réponses 30,1% des médecins semblent connaître la CTT ; plus particulièrement sous forme de sous-vêtement (29,1% versus 17,9% pour l'anneau). Le lieu d'exercice, la réalisation de formations complémentaires en lien avec la contraception et le mode d'exercice (centre de planification ou d'orthogénie) ont un lien statistiquement significatif avec la connaissance de la CTT auprès des médecins interrogés. Après présentation d'une information brève et synthétique, 94.6% d'entre eux montrent un intérêt pour des informations complémentaires et 53.5% se sentent prêts à la proposer à leur patients. On peut souligner que 51.3% sont favorables à la vulgarisation de la CTT, afin que cette dernière soit proposée aux patients au même titre que les contraceptifs féminins. Conclusion : La contraception masculine est un sujet motivant de nombreux essais cliniques, nationaux et internationaux. Même si la plupart sont encore au stade expérimental, les résultats sont prometteurs. En réponse à une demande croissante des patients, les médecins généralistes seraient prêts à accompagner les projets de CTT, sous couvert d'informations complémentaires et de preuves scientifiques solides.
Introduction: Despite the existence of a wide range of contraceptive options, the increase in number of abortions reflects the need to provide new contraceptive solutions and to place the couple at the heart of the debate. In contrast to the large number of contraceptive options for women, the arsenal of devices for men is still limited. Thermal male contraception, developed 30 years ago, still suffers a lack of medical democratization which counterbalances with men's growing interest in it. Yet, General Practitioners, who are the main prescribers of contraception, do not seem sufficiently informed to offer this alternative to their patients. Objectives: To carry out an inventory of the knowledge of General Practitioners about thermal testicular contraception in the AURA region. Analysis of their representations of thermal testicular contraception (TTC) and their motivation to benefit from additional information. Material and method: Realization of a quantitative cross-sectional study of descriptive type via a questionnaire sent by mail to the physicians or distributed by the CDOM in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes between July 2021 and September 2021. The results were analyzed using the Jamovi software with the Chi2 test. Results: We included 153 responses in the analysis. Among these, 30.1% of doctors appeared to be aware of the TTC, most notably in the form of the undergarment (29.1% versus 17.9% for the ring). The location of practice, additional training courses about contraception and the mode of practice (planning or orthogenetic center) all have a statistically significant link with the knowledge of the TTC among the doctors questioned. After presenting them a brief and synthetic piece of information, 94.6% showed an interest in additional information and 53.5% felt ready to suggest it to their patients. We can underline that 51.3% are in favor of popularizing TTC, so that it could be suggested to patients the same way female contraceptives are. Conclusion: Male contraception is a topic that motivates a number of national and international clinical trials. Although still in the experimental stage, the results are promising. In response to the increasing demand of patient, General Practitioners would be willing to support TTC projects, provided that additional information and solid scientific evidence are available. ; Introduction : Malgré l'existence d'un panel contraceptif important, la progression du nombre d'IVG traduit la nécessité de proposer de nouvelles solutions de contrôle de leur fertilité aux couples. En miroir d'un grand nombre d'options contraceptives féminines, l'arsenal des dispositifs destinés aux hommes est encore restreint. La contraception masculine thermique (CTT), développée il y a une trentaine d'années, souffre encore d'un manque de démocratisation médicale contrebalançant l'intérêt croissant des hommes à son égard. Les médecins généralistes, principaux prescripteurs de contraception, ne semblent toujours pas suffisamment informés pour proposer cette alternative à leurs patients. Objectifs : Réalisation d'un état des lieux des connaissances des médecins généralistes de l'AURA (Auvergne Rhône-Alpes) sur la contraception testiculaire thermique. Analyse de leurs représentations sur la CTT et de leur motivation à bénéficier d'informations supplémentaires. Matériel et méthode : Réalisation d'une étude descriptive transversale via un auto-questionnaire envoyé par mail aux médecins d'Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes entre juillet 2021 et septembre 2021. L'analyse des résultats a été réalisée à l'aide du logiciel Jamovi avec le test du Chi2. Résultats : Nous avons analysé 153 réponses. Parmi ces réponses 30,1% des médecins semblent connaître la CTT ; plus particulièrement sous forme de sous-vêtement (29,1% versus 17,9% pour l'anneau). Le lieu d'exercice, la réalisation de formations complémentaires en lien avec la contraception et le mode d'exercice (centre de planification ou d'orthogénie) ont un lien statistiquement significatif avec la connaissance de la CTT auprès des médecins interrogés. Après présentation d'une information brève et synthétique, 94.6% d'entre eux montrent un intérêt pour des informations complémentaires et 53.5% se sentent prêts à la proposer à leur patients. On peut souligner que 51.3% sont favorables à la vulgarisation de la CTT, afin que cette dernière soit proposée aux patients au même titre que les contraceptifs féminins. Conclusion : La contraception masculine est un sujet motivant de nombreux essais cliniques, nationaux et internationaux. Même si la plupart sont encore au stade expérimental, les résultats sont prometteurs. En réponse à une demande croissante des patients, les médecins généralistes seraient prêts à accompagner les projets de CTT, sous couvert d'informations complémentaires et de preuves scientifiques solides.
The research aims at contributing to a better understanding of the adoption of eco-friendly innovations. It analyses representations of environment and practices associated with sustainable management of cotton farming systems in order to deepen understanding of logics and strategies underlining farmers' practices, and motivations that determine their sustainable farming system adoption behaviors. Organic cotton (SCBIO) and cotton made in Africa (SCMIA) systems were used as case study. Field research was carried out in Kandi and Pehunco in the largest area of cotton production in the North of Benin. The theoretical framework is based on the theories of technical change analysis, the actor-oriented approach and the theories of social representations. Data were collected from a sample of 90 organic cotton farmers and 100 CmiA farmers selected from a typology based on endogenous criteria of prosperity. 39 field agents from organizations promoting sustainable cotton farming system were surveyed. Individuals and groups interviews were used to collect data. The data were analyzed with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods including normative and relative comparison analysis, perception analysis, descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, chi square test, etc. Results show a marginal contribution of organic cotton and cotton made in Africa to national economy in comparison to the conventional system. At farmer's level farming system analysis reveals that both organic cotton and cotton made in Africa systems are not intensively sustainable. Their implementation is characterized by a large gap between recommendations and farmers' practices, especially in soils' fertility and pests' management. The use of organic matters in combination with crops rotation including leguminous plants is the main approach of soils fertility management in organic cotton system. However, quantities of organic matters used, especially cow dung, are not sufficient due to its low availability and the lack of transportation means. The management of pests and diseases faces enormous constraints ranging from biopesticides production difficulties, weak efficiency of biopesticides, to observation of the evolution of parasitic complex, etc. Although the use of organo-chemical fertilizer is recommended in SCMIA system, more than 50% of SCMIA farmers apply only chemical fertilizer. Globally, the quantities of chemical fertilizer applied are under the requirements while the quantities of organic fertilizers are too small. Application of staged and targeted pest control (lutte étagée ciblée) is limited by constraints coming from the late implementation and the ineffectiveness of pesticides, the high number of observations needed, etc. Therefore, pesticides are used in overdose and prohibited pesticides such as endosulfan are also used. Consequently yields are very low and decrease. In addition, some farmers, especially from organic system, considering necessity of chemical fertilizers use for maize production develop diverse strategic logics such as misappropriation, craftiness, etc. to obtain these fertilizers. It appears from analysis that strategic logics carried out by farmers in farming systems' adoption are the result of a combination of explanatory factors. These factors contribute to deepen the understanding of the weaknesses of organic and CmiA values chains in Benin and the bottlenecks in their development. Far from being static, farmers' logics area temporary equilibrium resulting from different explanatory categories relative to social representations of environment, perceptions of projects and production and social reproduction objectives of farmers, the demand of sustainable cotton on international market, etc. Consequently, all actions aimed at promoting the sustainability of cotton farming system may facilitate access of farmers to inputs through the improvement of their existence means for a better soil fertility and pests management. Sensitization and training programs on the importance of leguminous plants integration to crops rotation, staged and targeted pest control, etc., may be carried out. At policy level it would be desirable that policies decisions don't negatively affect the development of alternative cotton value chains. In addition, measures may be taken to facilitate farmers' access to chemical fertilizers for food crops, especially maize, to avoid their selling off. ; La présente recherche vise à contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du phénomène d'adoption des innovations environnementales. Elle part de l'analyse des représentations de l'environnement et des pratiques culturales associées à la gestion durable des exploitations cotonnières afin de mieux saisir les logiques et stratégies qui les fondent d'une part ainsi que les raisons qui expliquent les comportements paysans dans l'adoption des systèmes alternatifs de production de coton (SAPC) au Bénin d'autre part. Les théories d'analyse du changement technique, plus particulièrement la théorie de l'appropriation des innovations, renforcée par la théorie orientée vers les acteurs et les considérations théoriques sur les logiques et stratégies d'acteurs et les représentations sociales, ont servi de fil conducteur. Les systèmes de production de coton biologique (SCBIO) et du Cotton made in Africa (SCMIA) ont servi de cas d'étude. La phase empirique de la recherche s'est déroulée dans les communes de Kandi et de Péhunco, situées dans le bassin cotonnier du Nord Bénin. Un échantillon de 90 exploitants SCBIO, de 100 exploitants SCMIA et de 39 agents des structures promotrices de ces systèmes, a été constitué à partir d'une typologie à dires d'acteurs, conçue sur la base de critères endogènes de prospérité. Vu le caractère empirique de la recherche, une attention particulière a été accordée aux données primaires. Des outils qualitatifs et quantitatifs ont été combinés pour l'analyse des données collectées grâce à des entretiens individuels et de groupes. Il ressort de l'étude que la contribution du SCBIO et du SCMIA à l'économie nationale reste marginale en comparaison au mode conventionnel, système pourtant décrié. Au niveau paysan, l'analyse de ces systèmes de production montre qu'ils ne sont pas durablement intensifs et leur appropriation est caractérisée par des divergences entre les exigences et pratiques recommandées et les pratiques paysannes. En particulier, la gestion de la fertilité des sols et des ravageurs reste problématique. En clair, l'utilisation de la matière organique et la pratique de la rotation intégrant des légumineuses constituent les principales formes de gestion de la fertilité des sols au sein des exploitations SCBIO. Cependant, les apports de la matière organique en quantité et en qualité restent limités par la faible disponibilité de la matière organique, le manque crucial de matériel de transport, les conditions de production de la fumure, etc. Par ailleurs, la difficulté liée à la préparation des biopesticides et leur efficacité réduite, les contraintes liées à l'observation du complexe parasitaire, etc. constituent d'énormes contraintes à une gestion efficace des ravageurs. Au niveau des exploitations SCMIA, la pratique de la fertilisation organo-minérale reste peu répandue ; les apports de fumure organique sont très infimes et ceux des engrais minéraux insuffisants. L'application de la lutte étagée ciblée (LEC), principale méthode de gestion des ravageurs, est limitée par des contraintes de mise en place tardive des insecticides, leur faible efficacité, la pénibilité de la méthode, etc. ; ce qui contraint les exploitants à l'usage de pesticides en surdose ou au recours aux pesticides prohibés tels que l'endosulfan. Jugeant de la nécessité de recourir aux engrais minéraux pour les vivriers, notamment le maïs, certains producteurs développent diverses logiques stratégiques pouvant revêtir la forme de ruse, de contournement, de non-respect des cahiers de charges, d'abandon, etc. en vue d'y accéder. L'analyse de ces logiques stratégiques a montré qu'elles constituent un équilibre provisoire, une résultante de différents registres explicatifs relatifs aux représentations sociales de l'environnement, à la perception des dispositifs de développement, aux objectifs de production et de reproduction sociale, à la particularité de la demande de coton « durable », etc. Dès lors, toute action visant la durabilité des systèmes de production de coton doit permettre l'amélioration des moyens d'existence des producteurs afin de favoriser leur accès aux intrants en quantité et en qualité suffisantes pour une meilleure gestion de la fertilité des sols et des ravageurs. Des actions de sensibilisation et de renforcement des capacités sur l'importance de l'intégration des légumineuses au système de rotation, l'amélioration de la méthode de la lutte étagée ciblée, etc. devront être envisagées. Au niveau politique, il serait souhaitable que les décisions politiques n'affectent pas négativement le développement de filières cotonnières alternatives. Il importe aussi que des mesures soient prises en vue de faciliter l'accès des exploitants aux engrais minéraux destinés aux cultures vivrières dont principalement le maïs afin d'éviter le bradage des vivriers.
This contribution seeks to discuss what is often seen as obvious, namely that the relationship between legitimacy and normativity is reflexible: a legitimate political power will be able to enact a normative constitution, the legitimacy of which will in turn feed into the legitimacy of the power which laid it. This mirror effect is one of the elements that make it possible to put constitutions on a long-term basis. Behind considerations which may appear to be very classic, this study is a means of recalling that constitutional law, as a law of the State, is above all a reasoned right. The main structuring concepts of the State are not objective qualities that could be described using theories, as they are theories themselves. As theories, the concepts of separation of powers, sovereignty, democracy, representation, rule of law, etc. never amount to a mere descriptive dimension of the state. They act as requirements which constitute the State and form the basis for its legitimacy ; International audience ; This contribution seeks to discuss what is often seen as obvious, namely that the relationship between legitimacy and normativity is reflexible: a legitimate political power will be able to enact a normative constitution, the legitimacy of which will in turn feed into the legitimacy of the power which laid it. This mirror effect is one of the elements that make it possible to put constitutions on a long-term basis. Behind considerations which may appear to be very classic, this study is a means of recalling that constitutional law, as a law of the State, is above all a reasoned right. The main structuring concepts of the State are not objective qualities that could be described using theories, as they are theories themselves. As theories, the concepts of separation of powers, sovereignty, democracy, representation, rule of law, etc. never amount to a mere descriptive dimension of the state. They act as requirements which constitute the State and form the basis for its legitimacy ; Cette contribution cherche à ...
In: Analele Universității București: Annals of the University of Bucharest = Les Annales de l'Université de Bucarest. Științe politice = Political science series = Série Sciences politiques, Band 2018, Heft 2, S. 55-75
This article focuses on the arrangements and interactions between political and social positions of universal standards and those with a conservative character referring to religion. In other words, our concern is to dwell on the manifestation of impact, on the dynamics of gender in Morocco, the confrontation between politico-social institutions referring to religion and those believing in universal principles. Proponents of the secularist view practically conceive of local development far from any discrimination based on social gender. They are thus more open to the public space and to universal values than their Islamist adversaries generally chained by a sometimes radical conservative representation of religious texts. Indeed, social representations, the interpretation of religion, the social imaginary without forgetting the power relations, all this contributed well, within a patriarchal system, to a hierarchy of social relations while determining roles and precise statutes for men and women. A historical approach stopping on some stations of the struggle of the Moroccan feminist movement since independence, especially around the issue of legal status and the family code, will certainly inform us about the new situation of women's rights and the challenges envisioned by the wakes of the patriarchal system. In the same way, the descriptive analytical approach appears indispensable in these conditions.
The Luxembourgish sociolinguistic context, structured around a pluriglossy inscribed diachronically in a secular history, calls for specific language arrangements for the purpose of addressing a particular demographic situation in which nearly 50% of residents are foreign nationals. Varieties imported by foreigners are combined with this historical national trilingualism and widely disseminated within the economic sphere.The first part of this thesis therefore lists the conditions for the existence of a "language policy" according to a historical and geographical context that justifies the presence of linguistic varieties in a given territory. It is intended to base a definition of these varieties on three perspectives: a morphological perspective, a symbolic perspective, and a sociological perspective. Language, seen as a component of a linguistic ecology – according to Einar Haugen –, involves complex political and social arrangements that govern its management according to its propagation environment. The descriptive analysis then focuses on the study of these organisational systems of planning or development, which are translated into national language policies.The second part focuses on current language policies in Luxembourg, which are strained between the dual objective of promoting the national variety, Luxembourgish, and of attracting, by economic necessity, a massive workforce divided into two major groups: French speakers and English speakers. The analysis is based on a double corpus consisting, on the one hand, of a collection of interviews conducted with actors involved in the implementation of these local language policies, and on the other hand, a collection of questionnaires distributed to a sample of foreigners residing and working in the country. Their study reveals a complex sociolinguistic situation which disrupts the hierarchical ranking of the three national languages - French, German and Luxembourgish. The successive linguistic arrangements attempt to reconcile these antagonisms by ...
The Luxembourgish sociolinguistic context, structured around a pluriglossy inscribed diachronically in a secular history, calls for specific language arrangements for the purpose of addressing a particular demographic situation in which nearly 50% of residents are foreign nationals. Varieties imported by foreigners are combined with this historical national trilingualism and widely disseminated within the economic sphere.The first part of this thesis therefore lists the conditions for the existence of a "language policy" according to a historical and geographical context that justifies the presence of linguistic varieties in a given territory. It is intended to base a definition of these varieties on three perspectives: a morphological perspective, a symbolic perspective, and a sociological perspective. Language, seen as a component of a linguistic ecology – according to Einar Haugen –, involves complex political and social arrangements that govern its management according to its propagation environment. The descriptive analysis then focuses on the study of these organisational systems of planning or development, which are translated into national language policies.The second part focuses on current language policies in Luxembourg, which are strained between the dual objective of promoting the national variety, Luxembourgish, and of attracting, by economic necessity, a massive workforce divided into two major groups: French speakers and English speakers. The analysis is based on a double corpus consisting, on the one hand, of a collection of interviews conducted with actors involved in the implementation of these local language policies, and on the other hand, a collection of questionnaires distributed to a sample of foreigners residing and working in the country. Their study reveals a complex sociolinguistic situation which disrupts the hierarchical ranking of the three national languages - French, German and Luxembourgish. The successive linguistic arrangements attempt to reconcile these antagonisms by ...
The Luxembourgish sociolinguistic context, structured around a pluriglossy inscribed diachronically in a secular history, calls for specific language arrangements for the purpose of addressing a particular demographic situation in which nearly 50% of residents are foreign nationals. Varieties imported by foreigners are combined with this historical national trilingualism and widely disseminated within the economic sphere.The first part of this thesis therefore lists the conditions for the existence of a "language policy" according to a historical and geographical context that justifies the presence of linguistic varieties in a given territory. It is intended to base a definition of these varieties on three perspectives: a morphological perspective, a symbolic perspective, and a sociological perspective. Language, seen as a component of a linguistic ecology – according to Einar Haugen –, involves complex political and social arrangements that govern its management according to its propagation environment. The descriptive analysis then focuses on the study of these organisational systems of planning or development, which are translated into national language policies.The second part focuses on current language policies in Luxembourg, which are strained between the dual objective of promoting the national variety, Luxembourgish, and of attracting, by economic necessity, a massive workforce divided into two major groups: French speakers and English speakers. The analysis is based on a double corpus consisting, on the one hand, of a collection of interviews conducted with actors involved in the implementation of these local language policies, and on the other hand, a collection of questionnaires distributed to a sample of foreigners residing and working in the country. Their study reveals a complex sociolinguistic situation which disrupts the hierarchical ranking of the three national languages - French, German and Luxembourgish. The successive linguistic arrangements attempt to reconcile these antagonisms by ...
This second part addresses the gradual return of signs of authority, pre-dating the visual representation of contemporary characters. ; Cette deuxième partie aborde le retour progressif des signes d'autorité, prélude à la représentation visuelle des personnages contemporains.
International audience ; The "Yellow Vests" social movement attracted international attention in December 2018 to become emblematic of a "crisis of citizen participation". From a scientific point of view, this uprising offered an opportunity to gather ecological / social concerns as voiced by the citizens of the BMP territory. The aim of the project is to obtain an up-to-date representation of the demands expressed by the BMP inhabitants with regard in particular to ecological and wider environmental concerns.Methodologically, the Cahiers de doléances (8/12/2018 to 28/02/2019) and other supports related to the citizens' debates around the Great Debate, and other key documents of the enlarged BMP territory have been collated (25 communes), and part of the data has been processed (11 communes).The aim here is to deliver the initial results (descriptive analyses) and to report on the next steps and processing to obtain a complete and more detailed (cartographic) overview of the territory. ; Le mouvement social des "Gilets jaunes" a attiré l'attention internationale en décembre 2018 pour devenir emblématique d'une "crise de la participation des citoyens". D'un point de vue scientifique, ce soulèvement a offert une opportunité de recueillir les préoccupations écologiques / sociales telles que portées par les citoyens du territoire BMP. L'objectif du projet est d'obtenir une représentation actualisée des demandes exprimées par les habitants BMP en ce qui concerne en particulier les préoccupations écologiques et plus largement environnementales.Méthodologiquement, les Cahiers de doléances (8/12/2018 au 28/02/2019) et autres supports en lien avec les débats citoyens autour du Grand Débat, et autres documents clés du territoire BMP élargi ont été colletés (25 communes), et une partie des données a fait l'objet de traitement (11 communes).Il s'agit ici d'en livrer les premiers résultats (analyses descriptives) et de faire état des prochaines étapes et traitements pour obtenir un panorama complet et plus fin du territoire (cartographique).
International audience ; The "Yellow Vests" social movement attracted international attention in December 2018 to become emblematic of a "crisis of citizen participation". From a scientific point of view, this uprising offered an opportunity to gather ecological / social concerns as voiced by the citizens of the BMP territory. The aim of the project is to obtain an up-to-date representation of the demands expressed by the BMP inhabitants with regard in particular to ecological and wider environmental concerns.Methodologically, the Cahiers de doléances (8/12/2018 to 28/02/2019) and other supports related to the citizens' debates around the Great Debate, and other key documents of the enlarged BMP territory have been collated (25 communes), and part of the data has been processed (11 communes).The aim here is to deliver the initial results (descriptive analyses) and to report on the next steps and processing to obtain a complete and more detailed (cartographic) overview of the territory. ; Le mouvement social des "Gilets jaunes" a attiré l'attention internationale en décembre 2018 pour devenir emblématique d'une "crise de la participation des citoyens". D'un point de vue scientifique, ce soulèvement a offert une opportunité de recueillir les préoccupations écologiques / sociales telles que portées par les citoyens du territoire BMP. L'objectif du projet est d'obtenir une représentation actualisée des demandes exprimées par les habitants BMP en ce qui concerne en particulier les préoccupations écologiques et plus largement environnementales.Méthodologiquement, les Cahiers de doléances (8/12/2018 au 28/02/2019) et autres supports en lien avec les débats citoyens autour du Grand Débat, et autres documents clés du territoire BMP élargi ont été colletés (25 communes), et une partie des données a fait l'objet de traitement (11 communes).Il s'agit ici d'en livrer les premiers résultats (analyses descriptives) et de faire état des prochaines étapes et traitements pour obtenir un panorama complet et plus fin du territoire ...
International audience ; The "Yellow Vests" social movement attracted international attention in December 2018 to become emblematic of a "crisis of citizen participation". From a scientific point of view, this uprising offered an opportunity to gather ecological / social concerns as voiced by the citizens of the BMP territory. The aim of the project is to obtain an up-to-date representation of the demands expressed by the BMP inhabitants with regard in particular to ecological and wider environmental concerns.Methodologically, the Cahiers de doléances (8/12/2018 to 28/02/2019) and other supports related to the citizens' debates around the Great Debate, and other key documents of the enlarged BMP territory have been collated (25 communes), and part of the data has been processed (11 communes).The aim here is to deliver the initial results (descriptive analyses) and to report on the next steps and processing to obtain a complete and more detailed (cartographic) overview of the territory. ; Le mouvement social des "Gilets jaunes" a attiré l'attention internationale en décembre 2018 pour devenir emblématique d'une "crise de la participation des citoyens". D'un point de vue scientifique, ce soulèvement a offert une opportunité de recueillir les préoccupations écologiques / sociales telles que portées par les citoyens du territoire BMP. L'objectif du projet est d'obtenir une représentation actualisée des demandes exprimées par les habitants BMP en ce qui concerne en particulier les préoccupations écologiques et plus largement environnementales.Méthodologiquement, les Cahiers de doléances (8/12/2018 au 28/02/2019) et autres supports en lien avec les débats citoyens autour du Grand Débat, et autres documents clés du territoire BMP élargi ont été colletés (25 communes), et une partie des données a fait l'objet de traitement (11 communes).Il s'agit ici d'en livrer les premiers résultats (analyses descriptives) et de faire état des prochaines étapes et traitements pour obtenir un panorama complet et plus fin du territoire (cartographique).