A member of the Council on Radio Journalism since its origin and its chairman for two years, Professor Charnley—of the University of Minnesota School of Journalism—presents here some of the findings from a study designed to give quantitative values to a definition of the radio newsroom.
"In the long search for more effective methods of treating children with personality disturbances specialized institutions have developed, loosely described under the general term, "residential treatment." They have one thing in common--the development of a total approach to therapy. Individual psychotherapy with the child and his parents, a therapeutically designed living experience and remedial education are all seen as parts of a whole. These treatment institutions, though diverse in their philosophy, origin and auspices, all result from attempts to find more successful ways of helping disturbed children. They have been established to provide treatment for the child for whom the child guidance clinics, foster care agencies, family agencies, and corrective institutions have been unable to provide adequate help. In this study we have attempted to describe 12 organizations whose purpose is the treatment of children with severe personality disorders. These specialized institutions have developed for the most part independent of each other and under the leadership of several professions and different types of organizations. From this description of the operation of 12 such organizations, it is hoped the reader may have a base from which to evaluate and better understand clinical studies and reports from residential treatment centers. Seven of the 12 organizations can be considered medical programs and are administered by physicians. Five are social agency programs, administered by social workers"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
In the omnibus philosophy of an earlier day the pursuit of knowledge was the pursuit of science. Political science became a specialized discipline only very recently, and while it gained by its specialization it also suffered because of it. One of the nice tasks of modern political science is how to avoid the effects of descriptive detail as a substitute for theory and once again relate political phenomena to broader patterns of human activity, without losing the advantages, particularly in research, of the specialized knowledge and lore so laboriously acquired.
Soviet foreign policy has been a subject of extensive and intensive study ever since the painful birth of the Soviet state. All the writings and investigations, except for the purely descriptive, are based in some degree on one or several key premises and assumptions of authors who used them to explain and interpret Soviet foreign policy. This is understandable and probably inevitable in view of the enormous significance of the subject matter, the vastness of observed behavior in time and in space, and the lack of available information on policy making. Consequently, scientific, intuitive, and even merely hopeful thinking has been applied to the evidences of Soviet foreign policy in an effort to find a method of analysis, a frame of reference, a tool of orientation which might permit some systematization of the whole subject.Clearly, a single seemingly well-constructed theory of Soviet foreign policy which purports to offer a key to broad analysis is too attractive for an analyst to ignore. But however plausible it may seem, it cannot possibly offer the whole answer. Some elements of Soviet foreign policy may be isolated, focalized, dissected, and examined, but others cannot be subject to even speculative, crude estimates.
In: American political science review, Band 47, Heft 3, S. 641-657
ISSN: 1537-5943
The study of comparative politics has been primarily concerned thus far with the study of the formal institutions of governments—particularly the governments of Western Europe. It has been in this sense not only parochial but also primarily descriptive and formalistic. Its place in the field of political science, while suffering from all the ambiguities and methodological inadequacies of the field in general, has been ill-defined. Is the student of comparative politics primarily concerned with the meticulous description of the formal institutions of various polities or is it his role to undertake comparison? If the latter, what is the meaning of comparison? Is it confined simply to the description of differences among various institutional arrangements? Does comparison stop when we note that England has had a two-party system whereas France has had a multi-party system? Does a description of the institutional arrangements of the Soviet Union reveal in any sense the most relevant factors that account for the differences between it and Western democracies? If comparison is to be something more than the descriptive portrait of formal institutional differences, what should be its aim, scope, and method? Should the student of comparative politics attempt to compare total configurations? If not, then he has to develop a precise notion of what can be isolated from the total configuration of a system or systems and compared, i.e., understood and explained with reference to similar patterns wrenched from the total configuration of another system.
Not Available ; The thread-fins (Polynemidce) constitute an important group of commercial fishes in Indian waters of which Polydactylus indicus forms probably the most important species in Bombay and Saurashtra coasts. Except for stray records of the different species of the family in various localities and of a brief study of the breeding season and maturity of Eleutheronema tetradactylum by Karandikar and Palekar (1950), and a descriptive account of the larval development of the same species by Sarojini and Malhotra (1952), very little pubUshed information is available regarding the distribution, food and feeding habits, maturity, breeding, commercial catches etc. of this important group of fishes. During the two years, 1951-53, a detailed study of the exploratory trawl catches of the cutters, M. T. " Pratap " and M. T. " Ashok ", of the Government of India Deep Sea Fishing Station, Bombay, and of the commercial catches of the Japanese trawler, " Taiyo Maru " No. 17, of the Taiyo Fishing Co., Ltd., Bombay, was made, with biological observations on the diifferent groups of fishes as they were hauled up on board the vessels, or, in a few cases, at the dock where the catches were landed. The observations made on Polydactylus indicus (locally called Dara or Dhara) are given in this communication. ; Not Available
In: Canadian journal of economics and political science: the journal of the Canadian Political Science Association = Revue canadienne d'économique et de science politique, Band 4, Heft 4, S. 533-548
The past few decades have witnessed a steady growth in the importance of marketing activity in the Canadian economy and rapid alterations in marketing methods. These developments have posed new problems of economic efficiency and of public policy. The rapid multiplication of retail stores, for example, has raised the question whether there are not too many stores to permit of the greatest efficiency of each, and whether high over-head costs due to "excess capacity" is not a more serious problem in this field than in manufacturing industry. The rise of large distributors has presented the issue whether their buying and selling policies are not so oppressive as to call for legislation to protect the independent merchant, the manufacturer, and the wage-earner. Discussion of these issues has been for the most part cursory. Few attempts have been made to apply to them the methods of economic analysis which have been used in the study of manufacturing and other industries. It is essential, however, that such attempts should be made. The price of a finished good to consumers does not depend merely upon the manufacturer's price-policy, but upon a succession of price-determinations made in a series of markets, running from the farmer or miner at one end of the chain to the final purchaser at the other. Monopoly elements in any one of these markets may affect the final price quite as much as that monopolistic competition among manufacturers to which so much attention has recently been devoted. It is therefore necessary to study commodity distribution, not as an isolated, descriptive, and barely respectable "subject", but as an integral part of the theory of prices.