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A member of the Council on Radio Journalism since its origin and its chairman for two years, Professor Charnley—of the University of Minnesota School of Journalism—presents here some of the findings from a study designed to give quantitative values to a definition of the radio newsroom.

PurposeAfghanistan is one of the world's most dangerous places for journalists. There are, however, no data on the mental health of Afghan journalists covering conflict in their country. The study aims to determine the degree to which Afghan journalists are exposed to traumatic events, their perceptions of organizational support, their rates of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, their utilization of mental health services and the effectiveness of the treatment received.Design/methodology/approachThe entire study was undertaken in Dari (Farsi). Five major Afghan news organizations representing 104 journalists took part of whom 71 (68%) completed a simple eleven-point analog scale rating perceptions of organizational support. Symptoms of PTSD and depression were recorded with the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), respectively. Behavioral comparisons were undertaken between those journalists who had and had not received mental health therapy.FindingsThe majority of journalists exceeded cutoff scores for PTSD and major depression and reported high rates for exposure to traumatic events. There were no significant differences in IES-R and CES-D scores between journalists who had and had not received mental health therapy. Most journalists did not view their employers as supportive.Originality/valueTo the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study to collect empirical data on the mental health of Afghan journalists. The results highlight the extreme stressors confronted by them, their correspondingly high levels of psychopathology and the relative ineffectiveness of mental health therapy given to a minority of those in distress. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Includes abstracts. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; The phenomenon of celebrities becoming involved in humanitarian activism is by no means new, and yet recently the amount of international attention that it attracts has increased dramatically. It appears that certain advances in media technology, coupled with shifts in international political power relations, have allowed for celebrity humanitarian activism to develop into a prominent international phenomenon. Academic studies on the topic are still relatively scarce. It is therefore the intention of this dissertation to help fill this gap by providing a descriptive analysis of the emergence and development of celebrity humanitarian activism.

CSR is the managerial compulsion to defend and enhance both the welfare of society as a whole and the interests of the company. So, this study is an examination of the competitive advantages of CSR practice. This study is based on two theories; stakeholder's theory, which states that companies have essential groups that need to care of and the iron law of CSR, which states that companies that become failure to utilize their power responsibly will lose it in the long run. Reviewing prior studies it was found that a number of benefits proliferate to companies that practise CSR; numerous advantages were recognized. Among these others consist of: improved brand and reputation, decline in operation costs, attracting new customers, balances power with responsibility, discourages government regulation, improves a company's image, promote profits, superior relations with the investment groups and easier access to capital, improved employee relations, efficiency and innovation and stronger relations with society through stakeholder involvement. This paper concludes that there is a greater chance to be benefitted initiating CSR actions. Thus, it suggests that companies should try to provide due attention to CSR and this practice needs to consider as a continuous process.

A survey of volunteer firefighters in five states shows that volunteer firefighters, while predominantly white males, come from a wide variety of occupational backgrounds. Most say that this is their major volunteer role and that they are firmly committed to it. The author relates characteristics of fire departments to volunteers and draws implications for the further elaboration of this voluntary role.

Life satisfaction plays an important role in the quality of life and performance of a human in any profession, including teachers. The teacher is a professional educator with the main task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, and evaluating students in elementary and middle schools. Life satisfaction refers to an individual's overall judgment or global evaluation about his or her life condition. This study is a quantitative descriptive survey study that aims to analyze and describe the relationship between demographic factors with school teachers' life satisfaction at Palopo and Toraja Region in South Sulawesi. This research using SWLS (Satisfaction with Life Scale) with 111 respondents who came from several schools in Palopo and Toraja region. Result of this research found that most of the teachers (67,6%) were satisfied with their lives, and the rest (32,4 %) are not satisfied with their lives. Based on the cross-tabulation analysis and non-parametric correlation, its proven that several demographic factors, namely gender, employment status, ethnic groups, length of services, income perception, and salary comparison perception have a significant correlation with teachers' life satisfaction. In particular, with ordinal regression analysis, we found that educational status, income perception, and salary comparison perception has influence teachers' life satisfaction. Government and Private Educational Foundation should do effort to increase teacher's income and have a career development plan for teachers to maintain their subjective wellbeing level. Keywords: demographic factors, life satisfaction, Palopo and Toraja, teacherDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um023v8i22019p207

Background: As the Neonatal sepsis occupies the major cause of Neonatal mortality in developing countries like India, the present study was planned to understand the scenario of the neonatal septicemia cases so as to allow the better planning and management of these cases to control and reduce the total neonatal mortality. Research Question: What are the socio demographic profiles and various reasons associated for the cause of higher incidence of Neonatal sepsis in our setup? The setting of the study was at NICU, department of Pediatrics, Government medical College, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh. A one year observational study was conducted during the period from January 2019 to January 2020 on 100 Neonatal Septicemia Patients admitted in NICU by studying their Socio demographic profiles, Parity of mothers, Preterm delivery, Birth weight and Clinical factors etc. Results: Both male and female babies suffering from Neonatal Septicemia during the above specified period were taken into study and majority of the study group (64%) were males. And among the total study group maximum 82% of cases were babies delivered to mothers came from rural area and also interestingly maximum number of cases were LBW(low birth weight) babies and preterm babies. In this study the cases were distributed inversely proportional to the parity of mother. Low birth weight (82%), poor socio-economic status (78%), male predominance (66%), Birth anoxia and Resuscitation (30%) and preterm delivery (28%) were noted as predominant predisposing factors. And finally, it was observed that deaths were more among LBL babies (23%) and Preterm babies (9%) in this study with the overall mortality (27%).