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Les designers font leur révolution
In: Futuribles, Band 440, Heft 1, S. 5-20
Face au changement climatique en cours, la nécessité de modifier nos modes de vie et de préparer nos sociétés à s'adapter aux conséquences à venir de ce changement est devenue incontestable. Pour ce faire, chaque individu a sa propre part de responsabilité, mais comme le montre ici Geneviève Gallot, ceux qui façonnent notre quotidien, les designers, ont aussi un rôle essentiel à jouer, et nombre d'entre eux ont commencé à investir ce rôle. Que ce soit au travers des objets eux-mêmes, de leur fonction au quotidien, des matériaux utilisés ou des acteurs de leur fabrication, de plus en plus de designers, en France comme dans le monde entier, s'impliquent dans le développement d'un « design durable ». Geneviève Gallot propose ici un panorama de la façon dont ces designers agissent pour un monde plus durable, plus solidaire, plus respectueux de la nature, et s'emploient à nous aider à modifier nos modes de vie en ce sens. S.D.
Fashion designers A - Z: the collection of the Museum at FIT
Adrian -- Akris -- Azzedine Alaïa -- Giorgio Armani -- Augustabernard -- Balenciaga -- Balmain -- Geoffrey Beene -- Manolo Blahnik -- Bill Blass -- Boudicca -- Thom Browne -- Burberry -- Stephen Burrows -- Pierre Cardin -- Bonnie Cashin -- Roberto Cavalli -- Chanel -- Ossie Clark -- Comme des Garçons -- Courrèges -- Oscar de la Renta -- Ann Demeulemeester -- Jean Dessès -- Christian Dior -- Dolce & Gabbana -- Etro -- Jacques Fath -- Fendi -- Salvatore Ferragamo -- Gianfranco Ferré -- Mariano Fortuny -- Jean Paul Gaultier -- Rudi Gernreich -- Romeo Gigli -- Givenchy -- Madame Grès -- Gucci -- Halston -- Hermès -- Carolina Herrera -- Yoshiki Hishinuma -- Irene -- Marc Jacobs -- Charles James -- Donna Karan -- Kenzo -- Calvin Klein -- Michael Kors -- Christian Lacroix -- Karl Lagerfeld -- Helmut Lang -- Lanvin -- Ralph Lauren -- Lucien Lelong -- Christian Louboutin -- Louiseboulanger -- Mainbocher -- Martin Margiela -- Claire McCardell -- Stella McCartney -- Alexander McQueen -- Missoni -- Issey Miyake -- Moyneux -- Claude Montana -- Moschino -- Thierry Mugler -- Noir -- Norman Norell -- Rick Owens -- Jean Patou -- Paul Poiret -- Prada -- Pucci -- Gareth Pugh -- Mary Quant -- Paco Rabanne -- Zandra Rhodes -- Rodarte -- Narciso Rodriguez -- Maggy Rouff -- Ralph Rucci -- Yves Saint Laurent -- Giogio di Sant'Angelo -- Arnold Scaasi -- Schiaparelli -- Raf Simons -- Martine Sitbon -- Olivier Theyskens -- Isabel Toledo -- Undercover -- Valentino -- Dries van Noten -- Versace -- Vionnet -- Diane von Furstenberg -- Vivienne Westwood -- Xuly Bët -- Yohji Yamamoto -- Yeohlee -- Yu -- Zoran
Economic and social responsibility of information systems designers: a contribution to applied ethics ; Responsabilité économique et sociale des concepteurs de systèmes d'information : contribution à une éthique appliquée
International audience ; This article deals with the moral responsibility of information systems designers, in the context of professional use of these. In the exercise of this moral responsibility, economic and social dimensions will be specifically discussed here, in the sense that SI have an impact on the development and sustainability of organizations.The first part of this article is devoted to a state of the art on computer ethics. A second part presents our orientation (critical research) and our approach (which considers the SI as power devices), and concludes on the need to think an engineering of responsibility. In the third part, our contribution to this engineering is exposed in the form of a three-level model, which helps to reveal how a general vision and linked ethical values are gradually embodied in structuring principles, and binding standards. ; This article deals with the moral responsibility of information systems designers, in the context of professional use of these. In the exercise of this moral responsibility, economic and social dimensions will be specifically discussed here, in the sense that SI have an impact on the development and sustainability of organizations.The first part of this article is devoted to a state of the art on computer ethics. A second part presents our orientation (critical research) and our approach (which considers the SI as power devices), and concludes on the need to think an engineering of responsibility. In the third part, our contribution to this engineering is exposed in the form of a three-level model, which helps to reveal how a general vision and linked ethical values are gradually embodied in structuring principles, and binding standards.
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Economic and social responsibility of information systems designers: a contribution to applied ethics ; Responsabilité économique et sociale des concepteurs de systèmes d'information : contribution à une éthique appliquée
International audience ; This article deals with the moral responsibility of information systems designers, in the context of professional use of these. In the exercise of this moral responsibility, economic and social dimensions will be specifically discussed here, in the sense that SI have an impact on the development and sustainability of organizations.The first part of this article is devoted to a state of the art on computer ethics. A second part presents our orientation (critical research) and our approach (which considers the SI as power devices), and concludes on the need to think an engineering of responsibility. In the third part, our contribution to this engineering is exposed in the form of a three-level model, which helps to reveal how a general vision and linked ethical values are gradually embodied in structuring principles, and binding standards. ; This article deals with the moral responsibility of information systems designers, in the context of professional use of these. In the exercise of this moral responsibility, economic and social dimensions will be specifically discussed here, in the sense that SI have an impact on the development and sustainability of organizations.The first part of this article is devoted to a state of the art on computer ethics. A second part presents our orientation (critical research) and our approach (which considers the SI as power devices), and concludes on the need to think an engineering of responsibility. In the third part, our contribution to this engineering is exposed in the form of a three-level model, which helps to reveal how a general vision and linked ethical values are gradually embodied in structuring principles, and binding standards.
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What modalities of ecologization of the practices of landscape designers? The example of public park projects from the past four decades. The case of 5 Marseille parks ; Quelles modalités d'écologisation de la pratique des paysagistes-concepteurs ? L'exemple des projets de parcs publics de ces 4 der...
In France, a policy regarding the preservation of the environment and nature emerged during the 1970s (ministry of the environment, legislation). Since 2004, when the national strategy for biodiversity was adopted, and when the priorities of sustainable development began to take shape operationally in the cities on the basis of Agenda 21, this policy has continued to gain strength. This has been in particular due to the impact of new legislation (Grenelle 1 and 2 ; Loi n° 2016-1087 of 8th August 2016 for the recovery of biodiversity, nature and landscapes, etc.), but also to scientific research in ecology (green infrastructure programme : Trame Verte Urbaine) and a widespread raising of awareness with regard to ecology. In a highly urbanised context, with more and more of the population living in cities, the urban environment, harbouring as it does a plethora of natural spaces with natural characteristics, and of a quite distinctive character, has become a favoured focus of study. Among the professions contributing to the enhancement of the urban living environment, the landscape designers, because their role generally calls for the deployment of plant material, are actors who are in theory in a position to give expression by means of their project to ecological and / or environmental imperatives (biodiversity, water management, etc.). The urban parks in general, and in particular those of Marseille, thus constitute an interesting topic of study to investigate ways of ecologization of landscape design practices, and have done since an environmental design policy began to emerge (1970s).This thesis is based on a threefold analysis focused on the discourse of French landscape designers, then of managers of green spaces departments, and finally inventories of the plant assemblages in 5 Marseille public parks. Finally, it would appear that apart from Gilles Clément – a key figure in landscape design – whose naturalist background is well known but requires discussion, the ecologization in the practices of members of ...
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What modalities of ecologization of the practices of landscape designers? The example of public park projects from the past four decades. The case of 5 Marseille parks ; Quelles modalités d'écologisation de la pratique des paysagistes-concepteurs ? L'exemple des projets de parcs publics de ces 4 der...
In France, a policy regarding the preservation of the environment and nature emerged during the 1970s (ministry of the environment, legislation). Since 2004, when the national strategy for biodiversity was adopted, and when the priorities of sustainable development began to take shape operationally in the cities on the basis of Agenda 21, this policy has continued to gain strength. This has been in particular due to the impact of new legislation (Grenelle 1 and 2 ; Loi n° 2016-1087 of 8th August 2016 for the recovery of biodiversity, nature and landscapes, etc.), but also to scientific research in ecology (green infrastructure programme : Trame Verte Urbaine) and a widespread raising of awareness with regard to ecology. In a highly urbanised context, with more and more of the population living in cities, the urban environment, harbouring as it does a plethora of natural spaces with natural characteristics, and of a quite distinctive character, has become a favoured focus of study. Among the professions contributing to the enhancement of the urban living environment, the landscape designers, because their role generally calls for the deployment of plant material, are actors who are in theory in a position to give expression by means of their project to ecological and / or environmental imperatives (biodiversity, water management, etc.). The urban parks in general, and in particular those of Marseille, thus constitute an interesting topic of study to investigate ways of ecologization of landscape design practices, and have done since an environmental design policy began to emerge (1970s).This thesis is based on a threefold analysis focused on the discourse of French landscape designers, then of managers of green spaces departments, and finally inventories of the plant assemblages in 5 Marseille public parks. Finally, it would appear that apart from Gilles Clément – a key figure in landscape design – whose naturalist background is well known but requires discussion, the ecologization in the practices of members of this profession remains discreet, and does not sufficiently integrate the functioning of these urban ecosystems. If this aspect has tended to change over at least the past ten years, the fact remains that it is rather the managers of municipals green spaces departments, in some cases committed to the ecological management (part of gestion différenciée) of their parks and gardens, who play a role in driving change with regard to the plant assemblages in terms of both their composition and their appearance. But it is apparent that we are lacking today the expression of a landscape design approach that is capable of integrating, beyond the scale of a park, these same priorities, related as much to urban planning as to ecology. Thus the ecologization of the landscape design profession would appear to lack tools and methods derived from these two disciplines. ; En France, une politique en matière de préservation de l'environnement et du vivant émerge au cours des années 1970 (ministère de l'environnement, lois). Depuis 2004, date à laquelle il est adoptée la stratégie nationale pour la biodiversité, et où commence à s'incarner opérationnellement, en ville, par les agendas 21, les enjeux du développement durable, cette politique n'a fait que se renforcer. Cela est notamment dû aux effets des nouvelles lois (Grenelle 1 et 2 ; Loi n° 2016-1087 du 8 août 2016 pour la reconquête de la biodiversité, de la nature et des paysages, etc.), mais aussi des travaux de l'écologie scientifique (programme trame verte urbaine) et d'une prise de conscience écologique généralisée. Dans un contexte très urbanisé avec une part croissante de la population vivant en ville, le milieu urbain, parce qu'il recèle une multitude d'espaces à caractère de nature, aux natures bien différentes, est devenu un thème de recherche privilégié. Parmi les professions concourant à améliorer le cadre de vie urbain, les paysagistes-concepteurs, par leurs missions les invitant généralement à mobiliser du matériau végétal, sont des acteurs théoriquement en capacité de traduire, par le projet, des injonctions écologiques et/ou environnementales (biodiversité, gestion des eaux, etc.). Les parcs urbains en général et plus particulièrement ceux de Marseille constituent alors un objet d'étude intéressant pour s'interroger aux modalités d'écologisation des pratiques paysagistes, et cela depuis qu'une politique environnementale a émergé (années 1970).Cette thèse s'appuie sur une triple analyse fondée à la fois sur des discours de paysagistes français, puis de gestionnaires des services des espaces verts, et enfin sur des relevés de structures végétales dans 5 parcs publics marseillais. En définitive, il apparaît, qu'outre Gilles Clément – figure paysagiste marquante – dont les fondements naturalistes sont connus mais nécessitent d'être discutés, l'écologisation de la pratique de ces professionnels reste timide et intègre encore trop peu le fonctionnement de ces écosystèmes urbains. Si cet aspect tend à changer depuis moins d'une dizaine d'années, il n'en revient pas moins que ce sont davantage les gestionnaires des services des espaces verts, pour partie inscrits dans une gestion écologique (part de la gestion différenciée) de leurs parcs et jardins, qui participent à faire évoluer les structures végétales tant dans leur composition que dans leur physionomie. Mais, force est de constater qu'il manque aujourd'hui l'expression d'un paysagisme capable d'intégrer, au-delà de l'échelle du parc, ces mêmes enjeux, relevant autant de l'urbanisme que de l'écologie. Aussi, l'écologisation de cette profession semble manquer des outils et des méthodes relevant de ces deux disciplines.
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Esthétique et recyclages culturels: Explorations de la culture contemporaine
In: Actexpress
artists - designers - cultural production - recycling - aesthetic experience - De nos jours, artistes et créateurs de toutes orientations, et dans différents champs de production culturelle, ont de plus en plus recours à des procédés impliquant le traitement de matériaux qui sont déjà disponibles dans l'espace culturel : ils créent en recyclant. Grâce aux nouvelles technologies de reproduction des œuvres et de traitement de données, cette modalité de production s'affirme comme une dominante de la culture contemporaine. Comment en rendre compte esthétiquement ? Quel est son impact sur notre expérience esthétique ? En quoi nous oblige-t-elle à repenser concepts et compréhension dans le domaine de l'esthétique. Dans ce livre, un groupe international de dix-huit chercheurs se penche sur cette interface entre esthétique et recyclage culturel et propose des éléments de réponse à ces questions. Ce livre est issu d'un colloque international qui eut lieu en 2001 à Montréal.
Science Mediation and Design Objects. The case of the 'Design Quantique' project ; Objets de médiation de la science et objets de design. Le cas du projet « Design Quantique »
This article proposes to explore the challenges associated with the mediation of science from the observation of a six-month collaboration between a quantum physics researcher and designers, in the 'Design Quantique' workshop between ENSCI-Les Ateliers and the Orsay Solid Physics Laboratory. Are the objects produced by designers an object of science mediation? What kind of relationships do they have with quantum physics? Are these relations specific to the meeting between researchers and designers? The authors' assumption is that the objects produced in this workshop are strangely halfway through conventional quantum physics extension devices and at the same time function (i.e. make sense) from radically different springs. They deploy a mediation space that questions how science is communicated (demonstration, representation, analogy, art-science, etc.). ; International audience ; This article proposes to explore the challenges associated with the mediation of science from the observation of a six-month collaboration between a quantum physics researcher and designers, in the 'Design Quantique' workshop between ENSCI-Les Ateliers and the Orsay Solid Physics Laboratory. Are the objects produced by designers an object of science mediation? What kind of relationships do they have with quantum physics? Are these relations specific to the meeting between researchers and designers? The authors' assumption is that the objects produced in this workshop are strangely halfway through conventional quantum physics extension devices and at the same time function (i.e. make sense) from radically different springs. They deploy a mediation space that questions how science is communicated (demonstration, representation, analogy, art-science, etc.). ; Cet article propose d'explorer les enjeux associés à la médiation de la science à partir de l'observation d'une collaboration de six mois entre un chercheur en physique quantique et des designers, au sein de l'atelier « Design Quantique », mené entre l'ENSCI-Les Ateliers et le ...
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The invisibility of the designer's screen to users ; L'invisibilisation de l'écran des concepteurs aux usagers
In the field of health, screens are increasingly mobilised to help patients manage their disease better on a daily basis. The question of the invisibility of these technologies then arises. On the basis of research and action carried out in La Réunion between 2013 and 2016, we will first analyse the differences in representations between designers and users of m-health (mHealth) around invisibilisation. As a second step, this article proposes an approach to invisibilisation around the involvement of users in the design process. This participation would lead to a definition of invisibility shared by both designers and users. ; In health field, screens are increasingly mobilized to help patients better manage their disease. The question of invisibility of these technologies arises. Using an action research conducted in Reunion Island between 2013 and 2016, we will in a first time, analyze the differences of representation between designers and users of m-health around the invisibility. Secondly, this paper proposes to approach invisibilisation around the participation of users in the design process. This participation would give a definition of invisibility shared by both designers and users. ; In the field of health, screens are increasingly mobilised to help patients manage their disease better on a daily basis. The question of the invisibility of these technologies then arises. On the basis of research and action carried out in La Réunion between 2013 and 2016, we will first analyse the differences in representations between designers and users of m-health (mHealth) around invisibilisation. As a second step, this article proposes an approach to invisibilisation around the involvement of users in the design process. This participation would lead to a definition of invisibility shared by both designers and users. ; Dans le domaine de la santé, les écrans sont de plus en plus mobilisés afin d'aider les patients à mieux gérer leur maladie au quotidien. La question de l'invisibilisation de ces technologies se pose ...
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Towards stimulating creativity in design: A model of informational activities in early phases of product design process ; Modélisation de la phase d'exploration du processus de conception de produits, pour une créativité augmentée
Research in design science aims at providing design practitioners with methodologies and tools to leverage innovation and creativity. In this context, our research ends up with a model of informational activities by designers in early phases of design process; so far, the early phase of design process has not been much investigated, mainly because designers' cognitive operations, hidden and not easily described, are largely involved in this phase. A long-term experimental protocol was carried out with professional designers, involving questionnaires, interviews and design tasks simulation. As an output, designers' information and image-gathering strategies in exploration steps were depicted, showing that images are the main support of design thinking. Imagery impact on design creativity was then evaluated; more specifically, we investigated the impact of images collected within several sectors of influence (e.g. architecture, fashion) and it was demonstrated that distance between the image source and the design target is a major factor of variation of design-solution creativity. The findings enabled to propose development specifications for a creativity-oriented image-retrieval software. Our research was carried out within a three-year project funded by the European Union (TRENDS: STREP IST-27916) and was validated by the production of a software aimed at supporting designers' inspirational and creative activities, developed with the participation of car designers and tested by them. ; La recherche en conception de produits aboutit à des méthodologies et des outils dans le but d'améliorer innovation et créativité. Dans ce contexte, notre recherche propose un modèle de la phase d'exploration du processus de conception de produits; bien que cruciales pour la suite du processus de conception, les phases amont étaient jusqu'à présent peu décrites, en partie car elles impliquent des opérations cognitives difficilement observables. Notre recherche s'est appuyée sur la mise en œuvre d'un protocole expérimental composé ...
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Machine safety : method for systematic hazard identification during design ; Sécurité des machines : méthodologie d'identification systématique des phénomènes dangereux en conception
Machine designers must take into account different aspects of products such as technology, legislation and occupational safety. european directive 2006/42/ce promulgates machine safety design principles to prevent occupational risks. aimed at machine designers, its objective is to set out the need to obtain the lowest possible risk level according to the state of the art. although the designers of catalog machines have access to specific standards to perform a priori risk analyses, this is not the case for special machine designers. an original approach called ezid is presented in this report to help all machine designers in the task of hazard identification.based on the fact that hazards are linked to the presence of energies, ezid identifies hazards through the detection of design parameters linked to energy sources and flows. it then feeds back organized information to designers on every potential exchange of energy between the machine and its operators, bringing to light the need to add risk prevention solutions. ; Les concepteurs de machines de production doivent prendre en consideration les differents aspects des produits tels que la technologie, la legislation et la securite professionnelle. la directive europeenne 2006/42/ce definie les principes de prevention des risques professionnels. destinee aux concepteurs de machines, son objectif est d'imposer la necessite d'obtenir le niveau de risque le plus faible possible selon l'etat de l'art. bien que les concepteurs de machines catalogues ont acces a des normes specifiques pour realiser les analyses a priori, ce n'est pas le cas pour les concepteurs de machines speciales. une approche originale appelee ezid est presentee dans ce papier pour aider tous les concepteurs de machine pour l'identification des phenomenes dangereux.basee sur le fait que les phenomenes dangereux sont lies a la presence d'energie, ezid les identifie au travers de la detection des parametres de conception lies aux sources et flux d'energie. elle renvoie ensuite de maniere organisee ...
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