Suchergebnisse

The ten-year government of Ferrante Gonzaga marks a crucial time in the process of the modernization of the fortifications of the largest island in the Western Mediterranean. Previous studies have already highlighted the cornerstones of the strategy that was pursued and the projects that were undertaken in order to realize an adequate defence system. Also well-known is the extent to which the viceroy himself, as well as the royal engineer Antonio Ferramolino, participated in resolving the longstanding problem of the fortification on the island. However, important new data has emerged from recent research in the archival collections of the Tribunale del Real Patrimonio, conserved in the State Archives of Palermo. Using this largely unpublished documentation, the paper focuses on building sites started during this decade, looking at aspects related to construction as well as to organization and functioning, and on the intertwining of skills and responsibilities of the multiple actors involved in the various phases, from design to execution. The information included in the documents allows us to clarify the state of the art of fortification works undertaken in the main Sicilian cities during the period in question, providing technical and financial data, as well as information on the measures that were adopted to guarantee efficiency and promptness on the sites. Moreover, this knowledge forms a strong basis for a new analysis of the roles played by the different people involved.

L'autore analizza gli obblighi in materia di salute e sicurezza sul lavoro gravanti sui soggetti esterni al rapporto di lavoro, vale a dire progettisti, fornitori, installatori e montatori, espressamente annoverati dagli artt. 22, 23 e 24 del decreto legislativo 9 aprile 2008, n. 81, e successive modificazioni. Egli, in particolare, esamina l'evoluzione storica della normativa in materia, mettendo in risalto la ratio che ha condotto il legislatore ad estendere la tutela del prestatore anche al di fuori del rapporto di lavoro. L'autore, infine, si sofferma sull'analisi della responsabilità sia civile che penale nel caso di inosservanza degli obblighi sussistenti in capo ai predetti soggetti.The author analyzes the obligations about health and safety on the workplace imposed on individuals outside the employment relationship, namely designers, suppliers, installers and fitters, expressly mentioned by art. 22, 23 and 24 of Legislative Decree 9 April 2008, No. 81 and subsequent amendments. In particular, he examines historical developments of the regulation in this matter, highlighting why the legislator extended the protection of the worker even outside the work relationship. The author lastly analyzes the responsibility, both civil and criminal, in case of non-observance of the obligations of the abovementioned subjects. Parole chiave: lavoro, salute e sicurezza, soggetti onerati, debitori esterni, progettisti, fornitori, installatori, montatori, responsabilità Keywords: work, health and safety, persons in charge, external debt, designers, suppliers, installers, fitters, responsibility

This article discusses the foundation of the FUORI – the first national organization of Italian homosexuals in 1971– and its journal, Fuori!, from an unprecedented angle, that is the contribution of the artists to the politics of visual and discursive representation of the new social subject. Working on primary sources, the author casts a light on the stimulating microsocial milieu of intellectuals, artists, designers in Turin that originated the FUORI and describes how artistic vanguard and reformist or revolutionary political discourse allied in propelling the first gay liberation front.

Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda is among the most important designers, architects, engineers and designers at the end of '800. He has participated in numerous architectural competitions, both at Palermo in Sicily and again in Italy. He has conducted numerous studies on the identification of significant types of construction from coffee house to the shrines cemeteries, the decorative detail to the urban study on a large scale. Of course He is remembered in our city, especially as the designer of the Politeama, an imposing structure that dominates the central square of Palermo. Very old city, whose roots, evidenced by the presence dating back to the Punic, have never found a break until the present day, offering a repertoire of great architectural prestige and international reputation. Moreover, capital, enjoys a privilege that few other cities can boast: it has two of the most important theaters in the history of Architecture: the Politeama and the Teatro Massimo. And our dear Almeyda participated in both competitions, winning one and losing the second. But what were the real reasons why he did not win the second project? Perhaps the town is terrified of being left with a certified copy of the already made Politeama? Or, participation in the race by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile unquestionably compromised the expert advice? Or perhaps, again, the second project did not meet in style, beauty and greatness, the grandeur of the former? These and more are the questions we have approached the study of two extraordinary projects proposed architectural competitions with only one signature, but hides itself, strange stylistic mechanisms but also social, historical, political.

open ; Arti, Design e Nuove Tecnologie - Dipartimento di Design, Tecnologia dell'Architettura, Territorio e Ambiente - DATA ; In this work we aim at investigating categories of product design in terms of cultural communication by exploring artefacts conceived with the intent of encouraging users' reflection upon "conflict" issues. Under this light, we have chosen case studies referred to those conflicts in which walls and fences are still separating populations one from another, as for Palestine, Mexico, etc. The conflict is here read as an event that is able to encode expectations of emancipation, and because of that it becomes central for articulating significant transitions. Such artefacts, rather than for their functionality or utility, might be interpreted through the Stephanie and Bruce Tharp theory of discursive design, where objects are treated like transmitters of ideas and messages. We believe that discursive design can be a good starting point for better understanding the value of the semantic content spread by objects within time and space, and that artefacts can be considered as specific agents of communication. Therefore, if we consider objects as communicative facts, then we can use tools taken from the field of logics and linguistics in order to analyse the semantic and the cultural length of the objects themselves. As a consequence, politically engaged design tends to broaden the role of designers into an intellectual one, being able to boost debates around the issues designers trigger. ; Altro Corso di Dottorato ; Degree in Philosophy of Language (La Sapienza) with an Advanced Studies Master in Artificial Intelligence, Option Cognitive Science, hold in Leuven, Belgium (KUL), PHD in Industrial Design, Arts and New Technologies with a thesis on activism design that put togehter her interests shown along the years:language, object meaning and political committement. In the last six years she also worked for a cultural foundation as Project Manager for activities related to the valorisation of the ...

Soon after the end of the second World War, Fiera di Milano (Milan trade exhibition) was eager to demostrate the Italian spirit of rebirth. Companies and enterprises invested in the design and building of pavilions, involving artists, architects and graphic designers like Erberto Carboni, Marcello Nizzoli, Enrico Ciuti, Franco Albini. Enrico Mattei, Agip and later Eni's president wanted to emphasize Italian energy politics based on gas, and, as this essay describes, Italian gas pipelines net was the central theme of Agip and Eni's presence at the Trade Fair. The story of Agip and Eni pavilion from 1949 to 1964 involves architects like Mario Bacciocchi, who designed the building, Carlo Mollino with Franco Campo, Carlo Graffi and Max Huber, Achille and Piergiacomo Castiglioni, BBPR, Errico Ascione. Particularly important was the presence of Leonardo Sinisgalli, the engineer-poet who directed Eni's communication section from 1958 to 1963. He left the company after Mattei's death, but he was also aware that the communication in the world of mass production and culture was radically changing and poets were being substituted by copywriters.

L'articolo tratteggia il contesto nel quale si sono sviluppate le prime iniziative associazionistiche, soffermando l'attenzione sui meccanismi di progresso sociale ed etico che esse hanno promosso fin dalla loro costituzione. In tal senso, il deciso contributo offerto agli eventi politico-culturali degli anni Settanta segna «la via italiana» all'inclusione scolastica delle persone in situazione di disabilità. Nella trattazione si coglie l'apporto che le associazioni hanno offerto allo sviluppo iniziale dei processi di inclusione scolastica e sociale, assumendo il ruolo di innovatori progettuali e di soggetti promotori di senso civico per l'intera società. ; The article outlines the historical context in which the first association initiatives took place, paying attention to the mechanisms of social and ethical progress that they promoted right from their establishment. As a matter of fact, their active contribution to the political-cultural events of the Seventies distinguished the «Italian path» towards the scholastic inclusion of disabled people. Thus, the impact that associations had on the initial development of inclusion, taking the role of innovative designers and promoters of common civic sense, is highlighted.

The Alpine passes of the Maritime Alps have always constituted a complex system of communication and transit able to connect the population of the two scope, but, at the same time, able to allow the arrival of the enemy populations. In the case of the roads leading from Turin to the sea, two routes in particular have been the subject of attention from the Savoy House: one along the Tanaro valley leading to Imperia and that along the Roja valley that passes through Tenda and get to Nice. Carlo Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia, until the mid-eighties of the sixteenth century, after having strengthened the major strategic centers, closed these accesses to the sea. The fortress of Ormea, in the Tanaro valley, was a second line of defense on a little protected border until then and was to be the first hurdle for eventual advanced towards the city of Ceva. Tenda and its castle, in Roja Valley, became part of the Savoy dominions only since 1581 when it extinguished the Lascaris family, owner of the village. The study analyzed the events related to the defensive systems of the two centers in the south of Piedmont, studying iconography and military designs drafted by engineers and designers in the House of Savoy service in the second half of the sixteenth century.

Il dibattito internazionale è incentrato ormai da anni sui temi della sostenibilità e dell'ecologia, intese nelle più diverse accezioni, così come sulla necessità di adottare di un approccio etico all'architettura. Dopo una riflessione teorica sulle ecologie negli interni urbani, lo scritto delinea alcune delle tappe principali di sperimentazione e studio, per comprendere come progettisti, pianificatori e critici stiano affrontando queste questioni. Risulta evidente l'importanza di migliorare la qualità dell'ambiente a partire dallo spazio pubblico e avviare politiche inclusive, rivolte a favorire una effettiva coesione sociale e il ripristino degli equilibri con il contesto naturale e antropico. È fondamentale che i progettisti mettano al centro delle proprie ricerche l'uomo e gli spazi nei quali egli vive, dimostrandosi attenti ai bisogni di comunità sempre più complesse. ; The international debate has been focusing for many years on sustainability and ecologies, intended in the most diverse senses, as well as on the search for an ethical approach to architecture. The paper opens with a theoretical foreword on ecologies in urban interior spaces, then it outlines some of the key moments of experimentation and study, to understand how designers, planners and critics are addressing these topics. What emerges is the importance of improving the quality of public spaces and implementing inclusive policies, aimed at promoting an effective social cohesion and fostering a more sustainable development. Planners must therefore be primarily concerned with individuals and their dwelling spaces, proving to be more attentive to the needs of complex communities.

La Casa di Eva, associazione costituita a Roma nel 1999 per iniziativa di un gruppo di architette e studiose, progettiste, storiche dell'architettura, docenti, fotografe, vuole rendere esplicito che sia l'indagine storica sia l'interesse nella progettazione di case, servizi, spazi pubblici e città dovrebbero essere una preoccupazione di tutte. Le sue ricerche sono pubblicate sulla rivista «Controspazio» diretta da Marcello Fabbri. Sul n. 2/1996 esce La casa di Eva in paradiso, la versione al femminile di un celebre titolo di Joseph Rykwert La casa di Adamo in Paradiso (1972), uno sguardo approfondito sull'architettura vista attraverso l'ottica dell'universo femminile, ricercando il legame tra donna e architettura, nella teoria, nella storia e nel progetto. Le ricerche spaziano dalla storia della casa ai progetti delle giovani architette europee, dalla casa e l'abitare nel mondo greco antico, alle politiche abitative in Italia dal dopoguerra ad oggi. Sul n. 2/2001 esce Lo scarto, una chiave di lettura delle differenze inteso nella molteplicità dei suoi significati. I saggi riguardano la scoperta delle donne architette scartate dalla storia, degli spazi, dei vuoti contrapposti al costruito, scartati nell'architettura e nell'urbanistica, e le proposte dell'Universal Design per non scartare i bisogni di ognuno verso la casa nella città contemporanea. Percorre tutta la ricerca l'attenzione al lavoro di cura, come mondo di competenza e di saperi ereditati dalle donne, strumenti rivoluzionari per incidere sul governo e sul progetto del territorio urbano. Molti gruppi diffusi in tutta Italia si stanno muovendo in questa direzione. La Casa di Eva è abitata da Tamara Alderighi, Maristella Casciato, Luisa Castelli, Assunta D'Innocenzo, Laura Gallucci, Annalisa Marinelli, Silvia Massotti, Claudia Mattogno, e tante altre collaboratrici. ; Eve's House is the denomination of an association born in Rome in 1999. Founded by a group of women, architects, planners and historians, teachers and photographers, the association aimed to foster the relevance of women's concern for historical investigation as well as in planning the city, the dwelling, the public spaces, and the environment as a whole. Early inquiries in the field were published in the magazine «Controspazio», under the directorship of Marcello Fabbri. The issue no. 2, 1996 of the magazine, entitled Eve's House in Paradise (echoing Joseph Rykwert On Adam's House in Paradise, 1972), offered a closer look at the architecture seen through the lens of the female approach, searching for the link between women and architecture, in theory, in history and in design. The research includes a historical reflection on the domestic space; an essay on dwelling in ancient Greece; a series of articles on the work of young European women planners and designers, and on the housing policy in Italy after WWII. Controspazio issue no. 2, 2001 was dedicated to The gap: a key to understanding gender differences and to its multifarious meanings. The essays introduced the work of women architects whose contribution has been ignored in canonical architectural histories; they also analysed the spaces and voids that urban designers left unplanned as residual and left over, and the Universal Design not to exclude everybody' s need for housing in contemporary city. Eve's House is interested in practising the "care", an attitude, an expertise, a knowledge, a revolutionary tools that belonged to women's histories and that influenced the government and the project of the human habitat. Many women's groups, active in Italy, are currently experienced this practice of female involvement. Eve's House is the house of Tamara Alderighi, Maristella Casciato, Luisa Castelli, Assunta D'Innocenzo, Laura Gallucci, Annalisa Marinelli, Silvia Massotti, Claudia Mattogno and many other women.

This PhD thesis is evaluating the safety level of the graphite-moderated boiling water cooled nuclear power reactors (RBMK reactors) by the use of best estimate three dimensional neutron kinetics coupled thermal-hydraulics codes. The availability of such sophisticated tools has allowed detailed and realistic analyses of these kind of reactors, also known as "Chernobyl-type" reactors. Chernobyl is the name of a RBMK reactor where, in 1986, a severe accident occurred, leading to the destruction of the plant and to a major release of radioactivity into the environment. Parts of the activities of this PhD thesis were developed in the framework of the European Union funded TACIS Project R2.03/97 "Software development for the RBMK and WWER reactors". This project was awarded to the "Gruppo di Ricerca Nucleare San Piero a Grado" of the University of Pisa and managed by it in collaboration with the RBMK designers (NIKIET, Kurchatov Insititute) and the licensee (RosEnergoAtom, now EnergoAtom Concern OJSC). The research activities dealt with the development and the validation of a sophisticated thermal-hydraulic nodalization of the Smolensk-3 Nuclear Power Plant. This thermal-hydraulic model was then coupled with a three dimensional neutron kinetics model of the core. The code used was RELAP5-3D system code. Suitable RBMK cross sections libraries were developed in collaboration with the Pennsylvania State University, using the deterministic lattice physics code HELIOS. After the validation of the developed models, the most relevant transients for the plant safety at full power were calculated, e.g. the group distribution header rupture, the break of the control and protection system cooling circuit. A special emphasis was put in the simulation of the single fuel channel transient, using also the Monte Carlo code MCNP5. The last part of the PhD activities concerned the analysis of a low power transient. In particular, the Chernobyl extreme scenario was reconstructed. Xenon fuel cell cross sections were calculated using the deterministic transport code DRAGON. Finally, all the analyses performed in the framework of this PhD confirmed the upgraded level of nuclear safety of the RBMK reactors, obtained also as a consequence of the relevant hardware modifications implemented in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident.

Il periodo florido del termalismo ha toccato l'apice tra la fine dell'Ottocento e l'inizio del Novecento, durante il quindicennio artistico denominato Belle Époque. Lo stile prevalente nelle arti e nell'architettura è stato denominato in modi diversi in Europa, mentre in Italia assume la declinazione di stile floreale o Liberty. La città termale di Montecatini, in provincia di Pistoia, conserva molti edifici destinati alle diverse attività termali, progettati secondo questo stile; tutti conservano il loro valore estetico e culturale che, tuttavia, appare meno collegato al turismo odierno rispetto a quello degli «anni ruggenti». Il presente lavoro tratta dell'eredità artistico-architettonica in stile Liberty presente a Montecatini, collegandolo al lavoro di architetti, imprenditori edili, uomini politici che contribuirono a costruire un senso del luogo capace di caratterizzare il termalismo della città in linea con lo spirito del tempo. Oggigiorno, tale carattere culturale potrebbe essere riconsiderato in una visione di rilancio termale di Montecatini, integrando tuttavia l'offerta in uno spazio territoriale più ampio che comprenda altre località situate nella medesima provincia nelle quali si localizzano attività termali. ; The flourishing period of thermalism had its climax between 1800s and 1900s, during the fifteen years of the so called Belle Époque. The prevailing style in arts and architecture has been called in different ways in Europe, while in Italy it assumed the appellation of Floreale or even Liberty. The beauty of Liberty-style buildings, today well preserved in Montecatini Terme, a traditional thermal town in province of Pistoia, has still a cultural sense but lost part of its glamour and tourism attraction. The paper deals with cultural features linking this form of architectural heritage, its artifacts, designers, architects, builders, politicians and artists, to the past sense of place and the necessity to revitalize it. Nowadays, this cultural character could be reconsidered in a cultural and thermal revival, yet integrating the offer into a wider territorial space that includes other thermal towns located in the same province. ; La période la plus florissante pour le thermalisme se situe entre la fin du XIXe et le début du XXe siècle, pendant une quinzaine d'années que l'on appelle Belle Époque. Le style qui prédomine dans les arts et l'architecture, variamment dénommé dans les différents Pays européens, prend en Italie la dénomination de style Floreale ou Liberty. Montecatini, ville d'eau de la province de Pistoia, possède beaucoup d'édifices historiques, destinés aux activités thermales, réalisés selon les critères spécifiques de ce style. Tous conservent leurs qualités artistiques et culturelles, même s'ils sont aujourd'hui moins liés au tourisme qu'ils l'étaient pendant ces années de grand mouvement. Notre étude porte sur l'héritage artistique et architectural du style Liberty à Montecatini Terme, vu dans ses rapports au travail des architectes, des entrepreneurs, des politiciens: ceux-ci avaient contribué à donner du sens à une ville capable d'exprimer sa vocation thermale en ligne avec l'esprit de l'époque. De nos jours, ce caractère pourrait être repensé dans le but de relancer l'offre thermale de Montecatini Terme, en l'intégrant dans celle, plus vaste, d'un territoire élargi, comprenant d'autres localités de la même province où se situent également des activités de nature thermale.