Suchergebnisse

Podemos reconhecer na atualidade a circulação de um discurso que quer denunciar novos impasses na educação: as referências mais comuns são a queda da autoridade simbólica do professor e a redefinição dos lugares educador-aluno (operando neste último uma identificação aos direitos de consumidor ou usuário). A análise apresentada aqui, que não se preocupa em estabelecer o caráter de verdade ou falsidade dos enunciados desse discurso, mas sim com o de suas conseqüências, propõe que ele seja entendido como uma "queixa" ou "demanda" (utilizando-se a noção lacaniana do termo). Como toda demanda, ele desconhece a falta que a produz. O texto propõe analisar esta falta/ impossível que habita a prática educativa, tomando primeiramente a concepção freudiana de educação e, em segundo lugar, a positividade lógica desses termos no ensino de Lacan.

First of all, the article analyzes, in panorama, Spinoza's ontology. Secondly, it shows how, from the concepts present in the ontology, the author derives others, as man, desire, joy and sorrow, hope and fear, security and despair, action and passion. From the relationship between ontology, men and desire - as well as from the other affects -, are extracted, in brief considerations, some Spinoza ́s political thesis. In this argumentative movement, the hypothesis is that many Spinoza's political thesis a rise from its ontology and its conception of man as desire and potency variation. The concept of desire is analyzed in the light of the variation of potency and the theme of natural right, which in Spinoza is identical to potency. When the subject is the brief derivations to politics, some hobbesian thesis - related to the following subjects, namely, the multitude, the people, the representation, the natural right, the civil state, etc. - are brought to show, by contrast, the importance of Spinoza's innovations.

With this paper, we aim to discuss the movie American Beauty under the light of the Hegelian philosophy or, more specifically, of the so-called dialectic of the master and the slave. To accomplish this task, we divided our text into three moments: 1. We analyze some aspects relating to how the relationship among one's consciousnesses of oneself is established in life, creating dominance (lord) and subordination (slave) relations in intersubjectivity relations. The contrast between the two elements determines that, in order to achieve recognition, a consciousness must subdue the other according to its will, that is, one will is recognized (that of the master) whereas the other is the recognizer (that of the slave). 2. We present central elements of the film as the background for our analysis. 3. We critically discuss the film based on the conceptual elements presented in item one, demonstrating to what extent the film can be understood as an attempt by the protagonist to overcome the total indifferentiation, to establish a life and death struggle, and finally to be recognized in his desires.

In this article we aim to discuss how public spaces and liminal zones play a central role in Marcelo Caetano's Bailão (2009), By your side (2011), and Electric body (2017). What is at stake in these films is the very possibility of experiencing urban locations as sites for affective encounters and erotic desire. Through an investment in relations and itineraries that take place in the margins, we trace a tension as well as a recurrent ambivalence towards the cities the characters inhabit. The cinematic form highlights the city as an imagined topography and also as a plane of perception composed of several modulations between disconnection and belonging, discipline and pleasure, proximity and exclusion.

he pleasures and difficulties of urban life are our starting point for this essay. We congregate some authors who had dealt with this subject: the 'desire of the city', strong motivation that impel the men for the collective life, and the 'desire in the city', the individual impulses that can make difficult the formation of this collective life. Through Sade, Calvino and Perec, we go to arrive at the Greek Polis, where the aspect politician of the collective life appeared for the first time. Since the Greeks, therefore, there is the question: how can be possible the life in the cities? ; Os prazeres e as dificuldades da vida nas cidades são o nosso ponto de partida para esse texto no qual fazemos um passeio por alguns autores que trataram deste tema: o equilíbrio entre o 'desejo de cidade', ou seja, a forte motivação que impele os homens para a vida coletiva, e o 'desejo na cidade', os impulsos individuais que podem dificultar a formação de um conjunto coeso. Passando por Sade, Calvino e Perec, vamos chegar à origem desse embate na polis grega, ali onde o aspecto político da vida coletiva é pela primeira vez trazido à cena. Desde os gregos, portanto, o homem se pergunta: como pode ser possível a vida nas cidades?

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Heidegger's claim to being-to-death can be understood as a condition of possibility for the responsibility of desire as formulated by Lacanian psychoanalysis. First, the structure of the Heideggerian Dasein, as well as its existential ones, is described. Next, the use and the sense of the notion of desire in Lacan is analyzed. Both in an authentic existence and at the end of analysis, where the subject knows how to deal with his losses, in the face of anguish, he assumes a role of protagonist of his existence and manages to be responsible for his desire. The analysis, in this sense, serves as a tool that enables the subject to deal with this suffering arising from the lack, of this nothing that Heidegger spoke. Obviously, the analysis does not aim to eliminate this ontological lack, but only to deconstruct the phantasms that the subject has constructed to ward off what is his own, constituting his ontological structure, that is, his finitude. Thus, for Heidegger, through the affirmation of anguish in the face of death, and for Lacan, where the subject has assumed the tragedy of his existence - at the end of analysis - it is the affirmation of finitude that makes it possible to hold the desire, authentic or, if you prefer, subject.

This article presents a reading about the construction of adolescence that experiences totalitarian social atmospheres through the analysis of socio-political variables present in the coming-of-age novel Young Törless, by Robert Musil. In this dialogue between psychoanalysis, education and politics, we articulate the author's concern about the moral ambivalence of his generation, with the educational and political proposals presented to the youth of our time. In the novel, the notion of formation was eroded in Modernity and replaced by socialization with homogenizing and massifying practices. In the face of adolescence without qualities, it is necessary to restore desire, forging a unique version of the fate of the subject's political body and society. ; Este artigo realiza uma leitura sobre a construção da adolescência que vive atmosferas sociais totalitárias, através da análise das variáveis sócio-políticas presentes no romance de formação O Jovem Törless, de Robert Musil. Na interlocução entre psicanálise, educação e política, articulamos a inquietação do autor ante a ambivalência moral de sua geração, com as propostas educacionais e políticas apresentadas aos jovens deste tempo. No romance, a noção de formação foi corroída na Modernidade e substituída pela socialização com práticas homogeneizantes e massificadoras. Diante da adolescência sem qualidades, cabe um trabalho de restauração do desejo, forjando uma versão singular do destino do corpo político do sujeito e do social.

Este contributo analisa e discute o caso da migração de crianças e adolescentes "não acompanhados" entre Marrocos e Europa, aprofundado e utilizado como caso de estudo no projeto "Antropologia de interfaces" (FCT/CAPES). O trabalho prende-se em particular à análise das formas de atribuir sentido ao mundo e à mobilidade, na tentativa de explorar a construção da vivência dos jovens migrantes na relação entre mundo global e mundos (g)locais de experiência e significado. A perspetiva teórica que inspira esta análise situa-se na interseção entre antropologia, psicologia e estudos migratórios e fundamenta-se no conceito de subjetividade, entendida como forma de orientação ao mundo e incorporação de normas, estruturas de valor e de significado, histórica e politicamente definidas, que influenciam o imaginário e a representação, definindo as maneiras especificas de pensar, agir, falar, sofrer e dar sentido à existência. O estudo salienta como a construção subjetiva dos jovens pós-coloniais e das suas famílias é orientada por um "desejo de modernidade e participação" de matriz global que choca-se com os processos normativos impostos pela nova disciplina das fronteiras europeia, manifesta nos procedimentos burocráticos e administrativos do chamado "acolhimento". A combinação dessas duas dinâmicas concorre para produzir a experiência de marginalidade e o risco consequente, também em termos de "disponibilidade para ser sancionados". Nas conclusões enfrenta-se o paradoxo de um processo em que os jovens migrantes são reenviado ao lugar marginal prescrito e que a infração da fronteira tinha tentado transformar. ; This contribution analyzes and discusses the case of the migration of "unaccompanied" children and adolescents between Morocco and Europe. This analysis was originally presented as a contribution to the Project "Anthropology of Interfaces" (FCT/CAPES). The article examines the ways in which young migrants give meaning to the world and to the experience of mobility, in an attempt to explore the construction of the youth's experience between contemporary global and (g)local worlds of experience and meaning. The theoretical perspective inspiring the study lies at the intersection of anthropology, psychology and migration studies and is based on the concept of subjectivity, understood as a form of orientation to the world and embodiment of historically and politically defined norms, values and meaning. This orientation influences the imagination and defines specific forms of thinking, acting, speaking, suffering and giving meaning to existence. The article shows that the subjective construction of postcolonial youth and their families is moulded upon a globally-fashioned "desire for modernity and participation", which clashes with the normative process imposed by the new "discipline of the borders" in Europe, manifested through the bureaucratic and administrative procedures of the so-called "reception". The combination of these two dynamics concurs in producing the experience of marginality and the following risk also in terms of "disposition to be sanctioned". Conclusions delve into the paradox of a process in which young migrants are pushed back to the prescribed marginal place in the world which the infringement of the border had tried to subvert.

Este artigo, ao escavar narrativas, propõe a leitura de modos de vida e crenças partilhadosna diferença. À luz da ideia de cultura como prática significante, a análise do relatode uma viagem feita por um imã iraquiano ao Brasil (1865) discute as narrativas acercado confronto político-cultural protagonizado por afro-muçulmanos na Bahia de 1835.O entrelaçamento de culturas e os processos de invenção do outro ativam marcadoresde diferenças, evidenciando uma trama de relações e usos de poderes, desejos e saberes.A reflexão sugere aos estudiosos das mídias e da cultura que as narrativas, em suasformas distintas, sejam compreendidas como constitutivas de um processo estético/político de produção e ressignificação de identidades. ; This article, by excavating narratives, suggests the reading of lifestyles and beliefs shared in the difference. By shedding light in the idea of culture as a signifying practice, the review of accounts given by an Iraqi leader of a trip to Brazil (1865) calls into question narratives about a cultural-political dispute sparked off by Afro-Muslims in Bahia in 1835. Considering a movement fraught with intermingled cultures and processes of inventing the other, the review highlights a plot of relationships and uses of power and knowledge. The reflection suggests to media and culture researchers that narratives, in its distinct forms, might be understood as constitutive of a political/esthetical process of producing of identities.

The objective of this essay is to situate Plato's critique of poetry in the Republic on its implicit conceptual base, giving visibility to important aspects postulated ab anteriori to the critique. The theological motivation for the defense and apprehension of Díke in its formal manifestation, on both political and individual levels, leads us to examine a morphism between the parts of the psyche and the polis. The principle of the insufficiency of the polis elements applied to the psyche leads to a more positive appreciation of the concupiscent part of the soul. However, that same portion of the soul is responsible for introducing luxury. And luxury in the individual's soul, or in the polis, is responsible for the need for defense and for a government to manage an aggregate of wide dimension. In a wide dimension psychism, or in an inflated polis for the satisfaction of superfluous needs, the need for resource management introduces a calculation principle which results in the rise of reason. However, the role of reason is to confine the concupiscent part of the soul, from where it comes, thus its paradoxical aspect. However, it is the calculation and the measure of the reason of rulers that impose, as a condition to come true, a formation which is very restrictive to the concupiscent part of the soul and is incompatible with the mimetic form of the poiesis. It is as if reason were a product of the desire aimed at suppressing it and as if poiesis were a means to resist desire from reason. ; O objetivo deste ensaio é situar a crítica de Platão à poesia na República nas suas bases conceituais implícitas, dando visibilidade para importantes aspectos postulados ab anteriori à crítica. A motivação teológica da defesa e da apreensão de Díke na sua manifestação formal, nos níveis individual e político, conduz ao exame de um morfismo entre as partes da psyché e da pólis. O princípio da insuficiência dos elementos da pólis aplicado à psyché conduz a uma apreciação mais positiva da parte concupiscente da alma. Todavia, essa mesma parte da alma é responsável pela introdução do luxo. E é o luxo na alma do indivíduo, ou na pólis, o responsável pela necessidade da defesa e de um governo para a gestão de um agregado de dimensão ampla. Em uma psyché de dimensão ampla, ou em uma pólis inchada para a satisfação de necessidades supérfluas, a necessária gestão dos recursos introduz um princípio de cálculo, o qual é responsável pelo aparecimento da razão. Mas, a atuação da razão é de contenção da parte concupiscente da qual se originou, donde seu aspecto paradoxal. Entretanto, são o cálculo e a medida da razão dos governantes os que impõem como condição para a sua realização uma formação que é muito restritiva para com a parte concupiscente da alma e que é incompatível com a forma mimética da poíesis. É como se a razão fosse um produto do desejo destinado a suprimi-lo, e a poíesis um meio de resistência do desejo à razão.

This project investigates the originality of the poetry of Alberto Caeiro, one of Fernando Pessoa's heteronymous, within modern and contemporary thought. By combining an original experience of immediate reality, an unlearning of modern/metaphysic abstractions, and a language reconciled with things themselves, Caeiro's poetry can help transcend the dichotomies of modern thought, such those opposing subject and object. It can also solve some of the impasses of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, such as the articulation between body and nature, and the passage from a mute perceptual experience to language. Therefore, we consider the Caeirian experience of thing, body, language, and its denial of Reality understood as time and as desire.

Based on Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, Alexandre Kojève produces a theory of an "anthropogenesis" that allocates the constitution of self-consciousness in a markedly historical and social field centered on the "dialectic of the master and the slave". More than this, it emerges in a domaine seized by the conflictuality of such a central operator of socialization, namely the desire, which is always, in the last case, a desire for recognition. Aware of this idea and on the path of the development of an imaginary's theory, Lacan was pursuing the necessity to reallocate certain points of the Freudian constitution's theory of the ego. He was aiming to bypass Freud's supposed "biologism" (especially in his theory of the "death drive") by emphasizing the fundamental dependence of the other's figure on the process of "hominization", in which "aggressiveness" plays an inherent role. If the projects of Kojève and Lacan present undeniable convergences, it is necessary, however, to better understand them, as well as to establish the uniqueness of their distances, inflections and objectives.