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In: Routledge Research EADI Studies in Development
First published in 1992.
In: Commonwealth youth and development, Band 3, Heft 1, S. 5-16
ISSN: 1727-7140
In: Social development
In: The family 2
In: The journal of development studies: JDS, Band 29, Heft 2, S. 377-379
ISSN: 0022-0388
In: Routledge Research EADI Studies in Development
In: Routledge library editions. Human geography volume 14
7 Emergent urbanizationTypology of colonial urbanization; Colonial impact on the traditional urban economy; Post-colonial urbanization and import-substituting industrialization; Emergent urban systems in underdeveloped countries; Patterns of urbanization; 8 Urban crisis of underdevelopment; Growth of the urban population; Urban unemployment and the growth of the informal sector; Environmental problems of cities in underdeveloped countries; Social alienation and urban management; 9 Urban system and national development; The conceptual basis of urban development
The Paris Agreement provides a framework for all countries - both developed and developing - to voluntarily adopt individual targets, elaborated in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). This effectively introduces commitments on the country in the sectors covered by their NDCs. Consequently, there is a need for countries to ensure that mitigation outcomes (MOs) and their international transfer are accompanied by robust accounting. Beyond international climate markets under Article 6, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) decided to establish a global market-based mechanism, in the form of the carbon offsetting and reduction scheme for international aviation (CORSIA), to help achieve ICAO's global goal of carbon-neutral growth. This note seeks to identify processes for the generation and transfer of carbon assets in post-2020 international climate markets and to suggest standard terminology in the carbon asset development cycle across key independent standards. The note builds on existing practices among different independent standards to streamline and harmonize process flows and ensure that country governments have greater clarity on the process for engaging in climate markets. This note reflects inputs from the informal working group on carbon assets, pilot transactions under different initiatives, as well as knowledge produced in relevant platforms.
BASE
In: Journal of Asian and African studies: JAAS, Band 14, Heft 1 -- 2, S. 78-96
ISSN: 0021-9096
In: Development: the journal of the Society of International Development, Heft 1
ISSN: 0020-6555, 1011-6370
In: Capital & class, Band 16, Heft 1, S. 111-113
ISSN: 2041-0980
We construct and estimate a model of child development in which both the parents and children make investments in the child's skill development. In each period of the development process, partially altruistic parents act as the Stackelberg leader and the child the follower when setting her own study time. We then extend this non-cooperative form of interaction by allowing parents to offer incentives to the child to increase her study time, at some monitoring cost. We show that this incentive scheme, a kind of internal conditional cash transfer, produces efficient outcomes and, in general, increases the child's cognitive ability. In addition to heterogeneity in resources (wage offers and non-labor income), the model allows for heterogeneity in preferences both for parents and children, and in monitoring costs. Like their parents, children are forward looking, but we allow children and parents to have different preferences and for children to have age-varying discount rates, becoming more "patient" as they age. Using detailed time diary information on the allocation of parent and child time linked to measures of child cognitive ability, we estimate several versions of the model. Using model estimates, we explore the impact of various government income transfer policies on child development. As in Del Boca et al. (2016), we find that the most effective set of policies are (external) conditional cash transfers, in which the household receives an income transfer given that the child's cognitive ability exceeds a prespecified threshold. We find that the possibility of households using internal cash transfers greatly increases the cost effectiveness of external cash transfer policies.
BASE
In: The journal of development studies: JDS, Band 29, Heft 2, S. 377-378
ISSN: 0022-0388
In: Routledge library editions: development 67