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One central obstacle in the way of modernizing societies in the Third World is the difficulty of combining tolerance and development the author studies the social, cultural and political conditions which favor social and economic development., avoiding economic reductionism of the kind which sees the market and economic growth as the only path to development as well as that which sees the disappearance of capitalism as the cure for all evils. Bula says that all societies are conflictive by nature, but some manage to solve their conflicts by consensus. In the Third World there are a number of economic and political interests opposed tothe opening up of society", and progress towards equi ty and solidarity will only be achieved with contradiction and conflict". The challenge is therefore to form a "new paradigm" for democracy which gives values and qualitative growth priority over quantitative growth; one that prizes the quality of life and the environment. This is the task of society as a whole, from which the new social movements will produce the leading agents in the new paradigm. ; Un obstáculo central para construir sociedades modernas en el Tercer Mundo es la dificultad para combinar la tolerancia con el desarrollo. El autor estudia las condiciones sociales, culturales y políticas que favorecen el desarrollo social y económico, evitando el reduccionismo económico, tanto el que ve en el mercado y en el crecimiento la única vía para el desarrollo como el que ve en la desaparición del capitalismo la solución a todos los males. Afirma que todas las sociedades son conflictivas por naturaleza, aunque algunas han logrado resolver sus conflictos mediante consenso. En el tercer mundo existen numerosos intereses económicos y políticos que se oponen a la apertura de espacios sociales y sólo "a través de un proceso contradictorio y conflictivo se avanzará hacia una sociedad equitativa y solidaria". Así el reto es configurar un "nuevo paradigma" democrático que dé prioridad a los valores, al crecimiento cualitativo antes que el cuantitativo, a la calidad de vida y del medio ambiente. Y esta tarea es responsabilidad de la sociedad civil, dentro de la cual los nuevos movimientos sociales serán los actores del nuevo paradigma.
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Development from its origins after President H.Truman's discourse in 1949 to the beginning of the 21st century, as a concept and idea, has been and is pursued and longed for by the coun-tries of the economic and developing south, overused by policymakers and academics, overestimated by international and local institutions; notion used indiscriminately by universities, local governments and institutions. Development understood by some as a social, economic, political, and social process. Complex, polysemic and relative abstraction, interpreted and misinter-preted by many. This document aims to show the deficiencies of a concept in vogue. First, we dissect from the decoloniality of power and knowing the concept of development as an empty signifier, and as a useful discursive and axiomatic tool for international institutions and Eurocentric countries. Next, we analyze development as an agency and a process within an economic production system. Finally, by way of conclusion, we briefly outline the post-development proposal as a rupture and alternative to development. ; El desarrollo desde sus orígenes después del discurso del presidente H.Truman en 1949 hasta principios del siglo XXI, como concepto e idea ha sido y es perseguido y añorado por los países del sur económico y en vías de desarrollo, sobreutilizada por policymakers y académicos, sobreestimada por instituciones internacionales y locales; noción utilizada indiscriminadamente por universidades, gobiernos locales e instituciones. El desarrollo entendido por algunos como proceso social, económico, político, social. Abstracción compleja, polisémica y relativa, interpre-tado y mal interpretado por muchos. El presente documento pretende mostrar las deficiencias de un concepto en boga. Primero, diseccionamos desde la decolonialidad del poder y el saber el concepto del desarrollo como un significante vacío, y como herramienta discursiva y axiomática útil para las instituciones internacionales y países eurocentricos. Después, analizamos el desarrollo como agencia y proceso dentro de un sistema de producción económico. Finalmente a manera de conclusión, esbozamos de manera sucinta la propuesta del postdesarrollo como ruptura y alternativa al desarrollo. ; O desenvolvimento desde suas origens após o discurso do Presidente H.Truman em 1949 até o início do século XXI, como conceito e idéia, foi e é perseguido e almejado pelos países do sul econômico e em desenvolvimento, superutilizados pelos formuladores de políticas e acadêmicos, superestimada por instituições internacionais e locais; noção usada indiscriminadamente por universidades, governos e instituições locais. Desenvolvimento entendido por alguns como um processo social, econômico, político e social. Abstração complexa, polissêmica e relativa, interpretada e mal interpretada por muitos. Este documento tem como objetivo mostrar as deficiências de um conceito em voga. Primeiro, dissecamos da descolonialidade do poder e conhe-cemos o conceito de desenvolvimento como um significante vazio e como uma ferramenta discursiva e axiomática útil para instituições internacionais e países eurocêntricos. A seguir, analisa-mos o desenvolvimento como uma agência e um processo dentro de um sistema econômico de produção. Finalmente, como conclusão, esboçamos brevemente a proposta de pós-desenvolvimento como uma ruptura e alternativa ao desenvolvimento.
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This study analyses some of the challenges facing democracy in Mexico, basedon the neoliberal form of accumulation imposed on the country in recentyears. The effects of this imposition can be seen in an economy with growthrates lower than the needs of an increasing population of working age. Itis an economy lacking the structural capacity to generate employment, withabruptandsteadydeclinesinrealwages,increasinglyprecariousemployment,increasing social inequality and economic exclusion, increasing informality,and increased migration as a survival strategy alongside of the growth of anillegal economy and social violence.Under these kinds of conditions, a set of social uncertainties and conflictshas been generated that have restricted the broad and equal participation ofcitizensinpublicaffairs,underminedtheautonomousformsof collectiveorga-nization,andrestrictedtheruleof law.Thetypeof relationshipsthathavebeenestablished between the state and society have become clientelistic, vertical,and increasingly violent relations that the society reproduces and manifestsback to the state.The crisis of legitimacy that pervades established parties andthe main democratic institutions demonstrates a clear distancing with a polit-icalregimethatincreasinglygovernsbehindthebacksof thecitizens.Alltheseelements allow us to reflect, in a broader sense, on the limits imposed upondemocracy by underdevelopment, generating a set of inequalities and socialconflicts that limit it and make it unfeasible.
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El desarrollo desde sus orígenes después del discurso del presidente H.Truman en 1949 hasta principios del siglo XXI, como concepto e idea ha sido y es perseguido y añorado por los países del sur económico y en vías de desarrollo, sobreutilizada por policymakers y académicos, sobreestimada por instituciones internacionales y locales; noción utilizada indiscriminadamente por universidades, gobiernos locales e instituciones. El desarrollo entendido por algunos como proceso social, económico, político, social. Abstracción compleja, polisémica y relativa, interpre-tado y mal interpretado por muchos. El presente documento pretende mostrar las deficiencias de un concepto en boga. Primero, diseccionamos desde la decolonialidad del poder y el saber el concepto del desarrollo como un significante vacío, y como herramienta discursiva y axiomática útil para las instituciones internacionales y países eurocentricos. Después, analizamos el desarrollo como agencia y proceso dentro de un sistema de producción económico. Finalmente a manera de conclusión, esbozamos de manera sucinta la propuesta del postdesarrollo como ruptura y alternativa al desarrollo. ; Development from its origins after President H.Truman's discourse in 1949 to the beginning of the 21st century, as a concept and idea, has been and is pursued and longed for by the coun-tries of the economic and developing south, overused by policymakers and academics, overestimated by international and local institutions; notion used indiscriminately by universities, local governments and institutions. Development understood by some as a social, economic, political, and social process. Complex, polysemic and relative abstraction, interpreted and misinter-preted by many. This document aims to show the deficiencies of a concept in vogue. First, we dissect from the decoloniality of power and knowing the concept of development as an empty signifier, and as a useful discursive and axiomatic tool for international institutions and Eurocentric countries. Next, we analyze development as an agency and a process within an economic production system. Finally, by way of conclusion, we briefly outline the post-development proposal as a rupture and alternative to development. ; O desenvolvimento desde suas origens após o discurso do Presidente H.Truman em 1949 até o início do século XXI, como conceito e idéia, foi e é perseguido e almejado pelos países do sul econômico e em desenvolvimento, superutilizados pelos formuladores de políticas e acadêmicos, superestimada por instituições internacionais e locais; noção usada indiscriminadamente por universidades, governos e instituições locais. Desenvolvimento entendido por alguns como um processo social, econômico, político e social. Abstração complexa, polissêmica e relativa, interpretada e mal interpretada por muitos. Este documento tem como objetivo mostrar as deficiências de um conceito em voga. Primeiro, dissecamos da descolonialidade do poder e conhe-cemos o conceito de desenvolvimento como um significante vazio e como uma ferramenta discursiva e axiomática útil para instituições internacionais e países eurocêntricos. A seguir, analisa-mos o desenvolvimento como uma agência e um processo dentro de um sistema econômico de produção. Finalmente, como conclusão, esboçamos brevemente a proposta de pós-desenvolvimento como uma ruptura e alternativa ao desenvolvimento.
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Abstract: In the first place, we will refer to the current conceptions of international development and in particular to the human development approach, showing the contribution that a spiritually ori- ented approach to development can make especially in relation to the latter. Second, after defin- ing the meaning of the sphere of spiritual values in relation to development as a fundamentally qualitative dimension, we will describe the capacities of reflexivity and relationality as the two main means by which the former can be accessed. Third, we will present the different actors and spheres involved in a spiritually oriented international development, emphasizing that this approach understands the sphere of spiritual values as an open domain that penetrates and influ- ences market, government, family, society, culture and religious spheres. Fourth, we will offer some examples of current practices that seek to promote a spiritually oriented international development. Finally, we will make conclusions, including problems and challenges that today presents a spiritually oriented approach to international development.
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The subject of this paper is the discussion about the concepts of rural development and local development starting from the different lines that tend in their making up: the Geographic epistemology, the politics based on them and the material processes of development. The issues of this discussion are: the difficulty of reflect this development processes in quantitative evidences (indicators) due to their rather qualitative character; the ambiguous definition of their scale, and related to that, their condition spread or concentrated; their suitability to make compatible objectives of both territorial and social cohesion; the limitations to be extrapolated the concept of stakeholders, own of local development, to rural development; the lack of coordination between economic planning and urban planning to the detriment of a true sustainability and, in the opposite, the threats that are to the rural space the application of sustainability politics designed from the urban context. ; El objeto de este artículo es la discusión de los conceptos de desarrollo rural y local a partir de las distintas líneas que convergen en su definición: las elaboraciones epistemológicas de la Geografía, los instrumentos de planificación en ellos basados y los procesos reales. Los términos de esta discusión son los siguientes: La dificultad de expresar en indicadores los resultados de estos procesos de desarrollo, dado su carácter más cualitativo que cuantitativo; la ambigua definición de su escala, y, en relación con ello, su carácter difuso o concentrado; su idoneidad para compatibilizar objetivos de cohesión social y territorial; las limitaciones de la extrapolación al desarrollo rural del concepto de «actores» propio del desarrollo local; la carencia de coordinación entre planificación económica y urbana en detrimento de una sostenibilidad real y, a la inversa, las amenazas para el espacio rural derivadas de la aplicación de políticas de sostenibilidad trazadas desde una perspectiva urbana. [fr] L'objet de c'article est la discussion ...
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Politics in the Development World.Peter Burnell y Vicky Randall. Nueva York: Oxford University Press,2005.
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ResumenLa investigación en comunicación para el desarrollo carece de una adecuada fundamentación teorética que permita investigar e implementar iniciativas de cambio social. Aunque los modelos de comunicación para el desarrollo continúan cambiando debido a políticas de reestructuración, a las limitaciones de los enfoques previos o al avance de nuevos conocimientos, la comunicación participativa en cambio se ha visto fortalecida en las dos últimas décadas. Este artículo plantea que la comunicación participativa para el desarrollo se puede beneficiar de la teoría de la estructuración para así entender cómo las personas pueden negociar el cambio social dentro de las estructuras institucionales existentes en las cuales ellas operan. Se propone que la teoría de estructuración provea el lenguaje para reconsiderar conceptos fundamentales en comunicación participativa, tales como concientización, empoderamiento y poder por constructos como agentes de conocimiento, dialéctica de control y poder y dominación para ayudarnos así a entender el proceso de cambio social.AbstractDevelopment communication scholarship lacks a well grounded theoretical foundation to research and implement social change initiatives. Although, the models of development communication keep changing, due to political restructuring, limitations of the earlier approaches or to account for new knowledge, participatory communication has held forte for over two decades. This paper argues that participatory communication for development can benefit from structuration theory to understand how people can negotiate social change within the existing institutional structure that they operate in. It is proposed that structuration theory provides us the language to recast main concepts in participatory communication such as conscientization, empowerment and power with constructs such as knowledgeable agents, dialectic of control and power and domination to help understand the process of social change.
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In: Cuestiones políticas, Band 41, Heft 77, S. 205-226
The objective of the article was to clarify the concept and classification of the potential of territorial communities; to determine the main indicators of the development of their territorial spaces; to outline the methodology for establishing the socioecological development potential of a particular territorial community and; furthermore, to determine strategic directions for its improvement. The research involved the following methods: economic statistics; BCG matrix; SWOT analysis; graphic methods. As a result of the study, the main statistical indicators related to community development were determined and, similarly, the potential for social-ecological development and the main strategic directions for increasing the potential for social and ecological development were also determined through the use of SWOT analysis. The results of the study can be used by local self-government bodies to increase the potential for social and ecological development and determine strategic directions for its improvement in terms of public policies. Everything allows to conclude that, future research on the topic should be focused on the study of directions of social-ecological development potential in the context of post-war recovery in Ukraine.
Technological Development at Aernnova: Experience and opportunity to collaborate with Universities and Research Centers. This project has received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 807097. The JU receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the Clean Sky 2 JU members other than the Union. The results, opinions, conclusions, etc. presented in this work are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily represent the position of the JU; the JU is not responsible for any use made of the information contained herein.
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ResumenLa investigación en comunicación para el desarrollo carece de una adecuada fundamentación teorética que permita investigar e implementar iniciativas de cambio social. Aunque los modelos de comunicación para el desarrollo continúan cambiando debido a políticas de reestructuración, a las limitaciones de los enfoques previos o al avance de nuevos conocimientos, la comunicación participativa en cambio se ha visto fortalecida en las dos últimas décadas. Este artículo plantea que la comunicación participativa para el desarrollo se puede beneficiar de la teoría de la estructuración para así entender cómo las personas pueden negociar el cambio social dentro de las estructuras institucionales existentes en las cuales ellas operan. Se propone que la teoría de estructuración provea el lenguaje para reconsiderar conceptos fundamentales en comunicación participativa, tales como concientización, empoderamiento y poder por constructos como agentes de conocimiento, dialéctica de control y poder y dominación para ayudarnos así a entender el proceso de cambio social.AbstractDevelopment communication scholarship lacks a well grounded theoretical foundation to research and implement social change initiatives. Although, the models of development communication keep changing, due to political restructuring, limitations of the earlier approaches or to account for new knowledge, participatory communication has held forte for over two decades. This paper argues that participatory communication for development can benefit from structuration theory to understand how people can negotiate social change within the existing institutional structure that they operate in. It is proposed that structuration theory provides us the language to recast main concepts in participatory communication such as conscientization, empowerment and power with constructs such as knowledgeable agents, dialectic of control and power and domination to help understand the process of social change.
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) created a new standard known as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), with the objective of developing the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) which specifies an encryption algorithm capable of protecting sensitive information to be used by the government of the United States. In October 2000, the NIST selected Rijndael as the algorithm proposed for the AES. The algorithm has a round shape made up by three uniform and non-reversible transformations which assures broadcast over the total set of fixed rounds and optimal non-linearity properties. This thesis presents an 8-bit FPGA implementation of the 128-bit block and 128 bit-key AES cipher. ; Reseña de la tesis presentada en 2006 por Mónica Cristina Liberatori para obtener el título de Magister en Redes de Datos (UNLP) ; Facultad de Informática
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