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The Great Depression of the 1930s was a breakthrough to 'One Big Wave' of accumulation under US hegemony. This wave reached its crest with the stagflation crisis of the 1970s, which also saw a first challenge to US hegemony, & has reached its limits in the present crisis. Though no successor hegemon is in sight, the US has increasing difficulties to lead the world economy out of the crisis. Theoretically, the article draws on Rosa Luxemburg's theory of capitalist accumulation. Considering the criticisms that her original theory met, a slightly modified version is presented here. From this angle, complementary processes of outward & inward expansion of capital marked the period between the 1930s & the 1970s. The following period saw a shift towards outward expansion, namely into former developmental states in the South & formerly state socialist countries in the East, & financialization. The latter is a symptom of continued limits to capital accumulation, eventually leading to financial crisis & a Great Recession in 2008/09. Adapted from the source document.

"In Asia, where authoritarian-developmental states have proliferated, statehood and social control are heavily contested in borderland spaces. As a result, in the post-Cold War world, borders have not only redefined Asian incomes and mobilities, they have also rekindled neighbouring relations and raised questions about citizenship and security. The contributors to the Routledge Handbook of Asian Borderlands highlight some of these processes taking place at the fringe of the state. Offering an array of comparative perspectives of Asian borders and borderlands in the global context, this handbook is divided into thematic sections, including:Livelihoods, commodities and mobilitiesBorders and boundaries of the state and the notion of statelessnessRe-conceptualizing trade and the economy in the borderlandsThe existence and influence of humanitarians, religions, and NGOsThe militarization of borderlandsCausing us to rethink and fundamentally question some of the categories of state, nation, and the economy, this is an important resource for students and scholars of Asian Studies, Border Studies, Social and Cultural Studies, and Anthropology."--Provided by publisher

PART I: INTRODUCTION Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: An Introduction-- W.Naude Innovative Enterprise and Economic Development-- W.Lazonick PART II: MEASURING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Designing Composite Entrepreneurship Indicators-- D.Avanzini Measuring Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries-- S.Desai The Impact of the Business Environment on the Business Creation Process-- L.Klapper, J.Manuel Quesada & A.Lewin Measuring the Business Environment for Entrepreneurship in Fragile States-- C.Guglielmetti PART III: POLICIES, INSTITUTIONS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP From the Managed to the Entrepreneurial Economy: Considerations for Developing and Emerging Economies-- R.Thurik The Impact of Institutions on Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries-- J.Ernesto Amoros Policy and Institutional Reform and Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries-- M.Baliamoune-Lutz Human and Social Capital in Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries-- G.Rooks, A.Szirmai & A.Sserwanga PART IV: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE STATE Is Pro-active Government Support Needed for Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries?-- W.Naude Entrepreneurship and the Developmental State-- W.Lazonick Entrepreneurship, Development and the Spatial Context: Retrospect and Prospects-- P.Nijkamp Non-state Sovereign Entrepreneurs and Non-territorial Sovereign Organizations-- J.Brauer & R.Haywood PART V: CONCLUSION Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Policy Design-- W.Naude

In recent years, China and India have extensively liberalized their economies. They have departed from the East Asian developmental states, which have restricted foreign direct investment (FDI) to protect domestic industry, and the liberal FDI strategy of Latin America during a similar stage of development as they have eschewed dependent development. Instead, they have taken a "liberalization two-step," which follows liberalization with reregulation that varies across industrial sectors. Country and sectoral case studies demonstrate the perceived strategic value of a sector, sectoral characteristics, and the organization of state institutions shape the ways in which reregulation varies. Insulated from political pressures, the Chinese state shifts from universal controls on the aggregate level to selective controls at the sectoral level and adopts a bifurcated strategy in its reregulation. In India, the government liberalizes FDI according to state goals but reregulates as a function of sectoral interests arising from the legacy of its postindependence economic strategy. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]

Before the welfare state, people were protected from disabilities resulting from illness, old age, and other infirmities by care work provided within the family. When the state assumes responsibility for care-work tasks, in effect it assumes parental roles, thereby becoming a form of familial government in which the public provision of goods and services is analogous to care work provided in the family. My research pushes back the origins of the state's obligation to care for people to a preindustrial form of government, hereditary monarchies—what Max Weber termed patrimonialism. It explicates how monarchs were cast as the parents of the people, thereby constituting kingship as a care work regime that assigned to political rulers parental responsibility for the welfare of the people. Using historical and quantitative analysis, I establish that retaining the legitimacy of monarchies as the first form of familial government in the course of Western European democratizing makes it more credible to the public and to political elites to accept the welfare state as the second form of familial government. That, in turn, promotes a more robust public sector supportive of social provision. The results reformulate conceptions of the contemporary welfare state and its developmental legacies.

'Ein zentrales Problem der Erforschung von Kontexteffekten auf die menschliche Entwicklung besteht darin, dass Effekte der Umwelt methodisch nur schlecht von Effekten der Erbanlagen zu trennen sind. Verhaltensgenetische Studien bieten hierfür Lösungsansätze. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über verhaltensgenetische Konzepte, die das Verständnis von Kontextwirkungen auf die psychische Entwicklung erweitert haben (geteilte und nicht geteilte Umwelt, Genom-Umwelt-Korrelation und Genom-Umwelt-Interaktion). Anschließend werden verhaltensgenetische Untersuchungsdesigns vorgestellt und sechs wichtige Befunde der Verhaltensgenetik über Kontexteffekte zusammengefasst. So zeigen Studien, dass die von den Kindern nicht geteilte Umwelt im Mittel wichtiger für die Entwicklung ist als die geteilte Umwelt, dass Umweltmerkmale - wie Elternverhalten - genetisch beeinflusst sind, und dass Zusammenhänge zwischen Umwelt- und Verhaltensmerkmalen häufig von genetischen Dispositionen beeinflusst werden. Abschließend werden Schlussfolgerungen für die künftige Forschung zu Kontexteffekten auf die Entwicklung abgeleitet.' (Autorenreferat)

__Abstract__ This chapter analyses the conditions under which the Surinamese State Oil Company (Staatsolie) has been consolidated, not only as a firm oriented at the production of oil, but also as a development agent. Staatsolie's chances to success seemed rather slim at its creation in the beginning of the 1980s, mainly because of the non-developmental, patrimonial character of Surinamese politics and the nature of Suriname's state, which has traditionally been oriented toward patronage and clientelism. The chapter documents the origins of Staatsolie and focuses on its commitment to the acquisition and further development of technological and managerial expertise. It is argued that Staatsolie has become a true pocket of effectiveness: it ranks among the most successful companies in Suriname and its contributions to the economy of this small middle-income country are considerable. The success of Staatsolie's attempt to become a development agent is attributed, in particular, to the company's double strategy. The internal part of this strategy, deriv

We propose a theoretical framework for understanding the evolution of the rule of law state, which is conceived as the equilibrium of a societal game in which actors accept the legitimacy of publicly enunciated legal rules. A meta-norm of respect for the sovereign legal power of the state is not self-forming on the basis of private conduct, but requires the coevolution of impersonal market exchange with effective state capacity to constitute and regulate markets. A functioning legal system must acquire the means not just to control private power but to constrain other organs of government. The emergence of such a 'self-limiting state' is an historical process which, while complementary to a market order, is also contingent and path-dependent, and is not preordained. Illustrating our argument with empirical evidence drawn from the contemporary experience of middle-income countries, with a focus on China, we argue that alternatives to the rule of law state, including interpersonal trust, closed networks and authoritarian political control, can only achieve limited scale and scope effects, and are prone to high deadweight costs arising from corruption and the capture of the public sphere by private interests. We also discuss the potential of transplants of legal rules and institutions to catalyse the transition to impersonal trade based on the rule of law, and present evidence, from time-series econometric analysis, that the diffusion of shareholder protection laws has the potential to support financial development in emerging markets. Evolution towards the rule of law state is, we conclude, one possible developmental path for middle-income countries. ; This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from De Gruyter via http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2014-0031

Over the period from 1950 to 1975, regional cooperation increased dramatically in Asia. Expansion in the scope and capabilities of regional organization proceeded through the establishment of 24 IGOs primarily concerned with technical and economic problems. With institutions characteristically specific in function and making decisions through consensus and intergovernmentalism, the structure and growth in Asian organization may be described from the theoretical perspective of classic international functionalism. The more politicized IGOs have not been successful and politicization has been most influential in retarding organizational growth. The rate of growth in Asian organization increased only as politicization from East-West, North-South, and developmental and power differences among participants was avoided by limiting participation to compatible nations. A rising rate of growth in Asian organization was correlated with an increasing concentration of cooperative activity among nations in Southeast Asia compatible in policies on East-West and North-South issues and similar in power and level of development.

AbstractIdeas and institutions are frequently used as explanatory concepts regarding policy development and change. There is an on‐going debate as to the explanatory weight that each should be afforded; Weiss and Carayannis (2001) identify a spectrum of opinions, with 'institutionalist' approaches that embed ideas within institutionalist frameworks at one end, and 'constructivist' approaches which argue that ideational concepts should be dis‐embedded from institutional considerations at the other. Drawing on 43 interviews with senior World Bank staff and a documentary analysis, this paper traces two policy agendas – social protection and fragile states – to identify the institutional and ideational features of the World Bank that a developmental agenda must navigate to achieve prominence in the Bank's work. It finds that the success of a policy agenda is determined by whether the ideas fit with a macro‐ideational dominant paradigm, and identifies several institutional features such as the incentive structure and lending mechanisms that influence an agenda's success.

Though critically important for children's long-term well being, the beginning school transition generally has been neglected by sociologists interested in issues of schooling and social inequality. This chapter examines early school from an educational stratification perspective. Life-stage and developmental considerations heighten young children's sensitivity to school influences generally, while pressures associated with social role transitions (i.e. from "home child" to "school child") challenge them. We review how out-of-school social structural influences associated with poverty, ethnicity, and family type complicate early school adjustment. Reviewed too are various structural arrangements in the social organization of early schooling (e.g. access to preschools, the restricted socioeconomic variability of elementary schools, and various kinds of educational "tracking") that can either reinforce or offset out-of-school influences. We conclude with a call for more work on mechanisms of educational stratification in the early grades.