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"Digital Diplomacy" published on by Oxford University Press.

Social media have permanently changed the area of foreign policy: transparency in political activity, interaction rather than mere information, and communication on an equal footing are but a few of the implications for a reconfiguration of
international relations. Governmental actors are
responding to these changes in the digital world. Thus, states such as the USA, Great Britain and Sweden have already defined communication via social
networks as one of the core tasks of their foreign policy. They use cyberspace as a medium for conducting virtual diplomacy - and in this way, they try to bring their foreign policy into line with the changes in media.

"This book analyses digital diplomacy as a form of change management in international politics. The recent spread of digital initiatives in foreign ministries is often argued to be nothing less than a revolution in the practice of diplomacy. In some respects this revolution is long overdue. Digital technology has changed the ways firms conduct business, individuals conduct social relations, and states conduct governance internally, but states are only just realizing its potential to change the ways all aspects of interstate interactions are conducted. In particular, the adoption of digital diplomacy (i.e., the use of social media for diplomatic purposes) has been implicated in changing practices of how diplomats engage in information management, public diplomacy, strategy planning, international negotiations or even crisis management. Despite these significant changes and the promise that digital diplomacy offers, little is known, from an analytical perspective, about how digital diplomacy works. This volume, the first of its kind, brings together established scholars and experienced policy-makers to bridge this analytical gap. The objective of the book is to theorize what digital diplomacy is, assess its relationship to traditional forms of diplomacy, examine the latent power dynamics inherent in digital diplomacy, and assess the conditions under which digital diplomacy informs, regulates, or constrains foreign policy. Organized around a common theme of investigating digital diplomacy as a form of change management in the international system, it combines diverse theoretical, empirical, and policy-oriented chapters centered on international change. This book will be of much interest to students of diplomatic studies, public diplomacy, foreign policy, social media and international relations"--

The world is changing. Communicating with the world and learning information is done with the speed of light and this is all due to the fast rise of technology in all the parts of the world. These changes influence all of us privately and publicly. It influences states and the way they conduct foreign policy. Diplomacy changed into digital diplomacy. Diplomats, states, NGO's are online and are open to the community which was unthinkable in the past. As much as there are positive connotations to all of this new technologies and the internet there are also negative once that are linked to terrorism, war, uprisings, hackers and so on. Important information can be hacked by terrorists and used to harm a state, a nation or the world. Therefore, digital diplomacy should be conducted in a very specific way and the diplomats should be trained to conduct diplomacy to be open but safe. Key words: digital diplomacy, internet, foreign policy

Artikel ini membahas tentang fenomena digital diplomacy di Indonesia dan tantangannya. Pada era masyarakat terkoneksi internet, informasi menambah pengaruh lebih kuat, karena informasi itu dapat menyebar dalam hitungan detik atau menit. Pemerintah, khususnya lembaga yang mengurusi masalah kebijakan luar negeri, seharusnya mengambil manfaat dari keadaan ini karena mereka akan mampu memperluas agenda diplomasi publik mereka dalam cara yang bahkan lebih interaktif.Diplomasi digital, yang juga disebut e-diplomasi, mengacu pada penggunaan teknologi komunikasi internet dan informasi yang luas untuk membantu aktor dalam diplomasi publik, akses informasi, dan analisis data. Meskipun setiap aktor yang terlibat dalam politik global dapat melakukannya, namun dalam kasus ini, ini terutama mengacu pada diplomasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Dengan menonjolnya gagasan kewarganegaraan digital (digital citizenship), diplomasi tidak hanya berjalan pada satu arah seperti dulu dan negara harus menyesuaikan diri. Penulis menelusuri fenomena ini melalui webnya kemlu RI dan dokumentasi yang sesuai dengan data yang dibutuhkan. Kata Kunci: digital diplomacy,kebijakan luar negeri, diplomasi publik

The implementation of information and communication technologies in the field of international relations has generated important changes, including the emergence of digital diplomacy, which is accompanied by all the challenges of a new beginning. In this article we aim to analyze the extent to which diplomacy is prepared to deal with the contemporary world. In the same we will argue for the need to reconstruct the diplomats' training model so that it can become competitive regardless of the unexpected direction society could follow. From our point of view, the Romanian research organizations (INCD and universities with related specifics) are the ones that must give the directions to follow in conceptualizing the training programs for digital diplomats (including those formed before the emergence of the new platforms and tools dedicated to communication with the public).

Indonesia is known as a country whose people massively use social media. It is currentlyone of the largest internet users in the world, especially social media. President of Indonesia,Joko Widodo, (famously called 'Jokowi') also tries to 'fit in' to the trend of social media acrossIndonesia. Jokowi has several social media accounts, including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,and YouTube. He even publishes a lot of his works, including his meeting agenda with otherstates' leaders. Jokowi sometimes uploads some video blogs or 'vlogs' which some of them arecollaborations with leaders of powerful countries, such as King Salman Abdul Aziz of SaudiArabia, Emmanuel Macron of France, and many others. Therefore, the authors consider thisas a great opportunity for Indonesia to start digital diplomacy. Through literature study,the authors will provide a broader analysis of prospect and challenge of Indonesia's digitaldiplomacy. The findings showed that digital diplomacy implemented by Jokowi has a goodprospect albeit many challenges. Moreover, it was also discovered that this type of diplomacycould bring some threats to Indonesia.

Changing the habits of information consumption and the presence of digital communication in society necessitates also the national diplomatic services to adapt to the new challenges and use of digital communication channels. The aim of the study is to find out the development of the implementation of digital diplomacy tools in the diplomatic service of Latvia and the influence of institutional factors in the mentioned processes.Study of publicly available documents regulating the communications process were carried out and direct interviews with the management of the MFA Communication Directorate were executed.According to the study findings, digital diplomacy is regulated by the general procedures of public administration as well as the MFA Communication Strategy, which establishes the general principles of communication and relationship building with stakeholders.MFA is aware of the importance of digital diplomacy and the need to develop this direction, but more exigent activity is limited because of other diplomatic service priorities. The limited institutional capacity and the available financial and human resources limit the implementation of these processes in a short time period, thus possibly losing the competition to the countries with similar historical, political and socio-economic level of development in the battlefield of public diplomacy.

We live in an era of pervasive connectivity. At an astonishing pace, much of the world's population is joining a common network. The proliferation of communications and information technology creates very significant changes for statecraft. But we have to keep in mind that the Internet is not a magic potion for political and social progress. Technology by itself is agnostic. It simply amplifies the existing sociologies on the ground, for good or ill. And it is much better at organizing protest movements than organizing institutions to support new governments in place of those that have been toppled. Diplomacy in the twenty-first century must grapple with both the potential and the limits of technology in foreign policy, and respond to the disruptions that it causes in international relations.

The handbook delves into the shifting power dynamics in diplomacy, exploring the establishment of embassies in technology hubs, the challenges faced by foreign affairs departments in adapting to digital technologies, and the utilization of digital tools as a means of exerting influence.

The paper discusses the digitization of diplomacy and the consular assistance at the present stage of the communication technologies development. Globalization, and especially the rapid development of the mass media and social media has affected almost every citizen. This process allowed the Foreign offices to come closer to resolving the issue of smart personal communication with nationals who are abroad. The first part of the paper analyzes the possibilities of using the power of the modern social media by the Ministries of foreign affairs to create and maintain effective crisis communication. The second part of the article focuses on the analysis of a digital consular assistance to nationals at home and abroad using the example of a specialized application created by the US Department of State.