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Social media have permanently changed the area of foreign policy: transparency in political activity, interaction rather than mere information, and communication on an equal footing are but a few of the implications for a reconfiguration of
international relations. Governmental actors are
responding to these changes in the digital world. Thus, states such as the USA, Great Britain and Sweden have already defined communication via social
networks as one of the core tasks of their foreign policy. They use cyberspace as a medium for conducting virtual diplomacy - and in this way, they try to bring their foreign policy into line with the changes in media.

"This book analyses digital diplomacy as a form of change management in international politics. The recent spread of digital initiatives in foreign ministries is often argued to be nothing less than a revolution in the practice of diplomacy. In some respects this revolution is long overdue. Digital technology has changed the ways firms conduct business, individuals conduct social relations, and states conduct governance internally, but states are only just realizing its potential to change the ways all aspects of interstate interactions are conducted. In particular, the adoption of digital diplomacy (i.e., the use of social media for diplomatic purposes) has been implicated in changing practices of how diplomats engage in information management, public diplomacy, strategy planning, international negotiations or even crisis management. Despite these significant changes and the promise that digital diplomacy offers, little is known, from an analytical perspective, about how digital diplomacy works. This volume, the first of its kind, brings together established scholars and experienced policy-makers to bridge this analytical gap. The objective of the book is to theorize what digital diplomacy is, assess its relationship to traditional forms of diplomacy, examine the latent power dynamics inherent in digital diplomacy, and assess the conditions under which digital diplomacy informs, regulates, or constrains foreign policy. Organized around a common theme of investigating digital diplomacy as a form of change management in the international system, it combines diverse theoretical, empirical, and policy-oriented chapters centered on international change. This book will be of much interest to students of diplomatic studies, public diplomacy, foreign policy, social media and international relations"--

This dissertation aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and analysis of the topic of digital diplomacy, especially from the perspective of non-Western nations. This research focuses on the evolution of Indonesian digital diplomacy, the extent to which digital diplomacy is implemented, and the evaluation of Indonesian digital diplomacy practices. To deepen the research assessment, this dissertation uses three case studies on palm oil, the Rohingya crisis, and the coronavirus pandemic. This dissertation is qualitative research and uses the interpretative approach.

The handbook delves into the shifting power dynamics in diplomacy, exploring the establishment of embassies in technology hubs, the challenges faced by foreign affairs departments in adapting to digital technologies, and the utilization of digital tools as a means of exerting influence.

The handbook delves into the shifting power dynamics in diplomacy, exploring the establishment of embassies in technology hubs, the challenges faced by foreign affairs departments in adapting to digital technologies, and the utilization of digital tools as a means of exerting influence.

Introduction -- Chapter 1. Artificial Intelligence : to strengthen or to replace traditional diplomacy -- Chapter 2. Artificial Intelligence: A New Tool For Dimplomats -- Chapter 3. Data Sovereingty: New Challenges For Diplomacy -- Chapter 4. Cyber security new threats for diplomacy -- Chapter 5. "Always There": How Diplomats Deal with Visibility Injunction in the Digital Public Sphere -- Chapter 6. Digitalization Between Security And Order And Democracy And Liberalism -- Chapter 7. Digital Diplomacy And International Regulation of The Web -- Chapter 8. Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence, New Challenges For Diplomacy And International Psychological Security -- Chapter 9. Artificial Intelligence - The New Tool For Cyber Diplomacy, The Case of The European Union. Chapter 10. European Digital Diplomacy Towards Russia: A Cross-Country Social Media Analysis -- Chapter 11. Foreign Birds on The Wire - Goals And Rhetorical Ethos in Embassies' And Ambassadors' Twitter Communication -- Chapter 12. The Potential And Limits of US Digital Diplomacy In The Middle East And North Africa -- Chapter 13. Twitter Diplomacy on CPEC: Impact on the triangular relationships between the Pak-China and the USA -- Chapter 14. Effective Digital Diplomacy? A Case Study of The British Embassy in Egypt.

Chapter 1. Introduction to Digital Diplomacy in the OSCE Region -- Chapter 2. Digital Diplomacy in Azerbaijan: Lessons Learned and Future Opportunities -- Chapter 3. Balkan Style Digital Diplomacy -- Chapter 4. Digitalisation in Central Asia: Progress and Potential -- Chapter 5. German Digital Diplomacy -- Chapter 6. A New Frontier in Diplomacy: Digital Diplomacy Implementations in Kazakhstan -- Chapter 7. Digital Diplomacy in Spain: A Steep Learning Curve -- Chapter 8. Türkiye's Digital Diplomacy Initiative: Challenges and Opportunities -- Chapter 9. UK Digital Diplomacy -- Chapter 10. The Impact of Twitter on Digital Diplomacy in the Context of International Media -- Chapter 11. The Impact of Digital Diplomacy on Security: the Case of the Russia-ukraine War -- Chapter 12. Bringing Diplomacy to the Digital Age -- Chapter 13. Essential Attributes Guiding the Danish Practice of Digital Diplomacy on Global Affairs -- Chapter 14. Diplomacy and Challenges in the Digital Age: the Italian Case Study.-Chapter 15. Data-informed Diplomacy: Adapting to the Digital Age in International Relations and Implementation in the OSCE Region.

In Donald Trump's Digital Diplomacy and Its Impact on US Foreign Policy Towards the Middle East is well-blended marriage of history and politics. Even though Trump's actions have often been rash and chaotic - some of his foreign policies were successful in the Middle East.

The role Facebook plays in international politics has been the subject of numerous studies over the last decade. Initially, particular interest largely focused on the use of Facebook (and related social networking media platforms including Twitter and YouTube) by non-state actors. Foreign affairs ministries and diplomats were forced to take this seriously after they noted the success exploitation of social media of terrorist groups (such as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) and civil society actors (such as during the "Arab Spring" uprisings in 2011). Since then, some world leaders and governments have become more engaged and new methods, known as digital diplomacy, have arisen. Data that can be used to evaluate diplomacy on Facebook have become accessible by using a Facebook application called Netvizz, which is freely available for non-commercial research purposes and easy to use. At present, there is no simple, freely available equivalent to Netvizz that enables quantitative analysis of engagement metrics and qualitative content analysis of public Facebook pages. However, the qualitative engagement data and online content to which Netvizz provides access must be analyzed considering the specificities of the cultural contexts in which they occur. This case study outlines how data analysis and content analysis can be combined to explore how social media sites are used, including how content can be categorized, and how levels of engagement with social media content can vary in relation to the types of content and the locations of the social media users.