Suchergebnisse

The State is not always able to proactively improve environmental policies. Eventually, policy improvements are a result of disasters that expose pre-existing problems. This situation is reflected in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), where, after the failures of the Fundão and B1 tailings dam, in Mariana and Brumadinho, several problems in dam safety and emergency policies were exposed. This study had a twofold objective: 1) to identify the mechanisms used by the government of Minas Gerais to improve environmental policies, and 2) to understand how the Mariana and Brumadinho's disasters affected dam safety and emergency policies. Based on semi-structured interviews and regulatory analysis, the study revealed that the state government of Minas Gerais has been predominantly reactive in controlling environmental policies. Additionally, it was observed that the disasters catalysed a learning process that culminated in potentially better dam safety policies. ; The State is not always able to proactively improve environmental policies. Eventually, policy improvements are a result of disasters that expose pre-existing problems. This situation is reflected in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), where, after the failures of the Fundão and B1 tailings dam, in Mariana and Brumadinho, several problems in dam safety and emergency policies were exposed. This study had a twofold objective: 1) to identify the mechanisms used by the government of Minas Gerais to improve environmental policies, and 2) to understand how the Mariana and Brumadinho's disasters affected dam safety and emergency policies. Based on semi-structured interviews and regulatory analysis, the study revealed that the state government of Minas Gerais has been predominantly reactive in controlling environmental policies. Additionally, it was observed that the disasters catalysed a learning process that culminated in potentially better dam safety policies. ; The State is not always able to proactively improve environmental policies. Eventually, policy improvements are a result of disasters that expose pre-existing problems. This situation is reflected in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), where, after the failures of the Fundão and B1 tailings dam, in Mariana and Brumadinho, several problems in dam safety and emergency policies were exposed. This study had a twofold objective: 1) to identify the mechanisms used by the government of Minas Gerais to improve environmental policies, and 2) to understand how the Mariana and Brumadinho's disasters affected dam safety and emergency policies. Based on semi-structured interviews and regulatory analysis, the study revealed that the state government of Minas Gerais has been predominantly reactive in controlling environmental policies. Additionally, it was observed that the disasters catalysed a learning process that culminated in potentially better dam safety policies. ; The State is not always able to proactively improve environmental policies. Eventually, policy improvements are a result of disasters that expose pre-existing problems. This situation is reflected in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), where, after the failures of the Fundão and B1 tailings dam, in Mariana and Brumadinho, several problems in dam safety and emergency policies were exposed. This study had a twofold objective: 1) to identify the mechanisms used by the government of Minas Gerais to improve environmental policies, and 2) to understand how the Mariana and Brumadinho's disasters affected dam safety and emergency policies. Based on semi-structured interviews and regulatory analysis, the study revealed that the state government of Minas Gerais has been predominantly reactive in controlling environmental policies. Additionally, it was observed that the disasters catalysed a learning process that culminated in potentially better dam safety policies.

This article unveils the perceptions of vulnerable populations of the Amazon regarding the risks of river disasters and highlights their assessment of the effectiveness of government responses. The record of perceptions, assessments and identification of social vulnerabilities were obtained in interviews with focus groups formed by residents of Cacau Pirêra, in the Amazon. To characterize the environmental threats and vulnerabilities, fluviometric and altimetric data of the occupied areas were used. In that District, floods do not have to exceed normal limits to constitute environmental disasters and, in the perception of residents, pose more risks than ebb. Participants point to the low effectiveness of public policies as the main cause of the ineffectiveness of the government's response to water disasters. Natural disaster studies should consider the interactions between the environmental and social aspects of territories to reach an understanding of the complexity of the context in which they occur. ; Este artigo desvela as percepções de populações vulneráveis da Amazônia quanto aos riscos de desastres fluviais e evidencia a avaliação que fazem quanto à eficácia das respostas do poder público. O registro das percepções e avaliações e a identificação das vulnerabilidades sociais foram obtidos em entrevistas com grupos focais formados por moradores de Cacau Pirêra, no Amazonas. Para caracterização das ameaças e vulnerabilidades ambientais foram utilizados dados fluviométricos e altimétricos das áreas ocupadas. Naquele Distrito, as inundações não precisam ultrapassar os limites de normalidade para se configurarem como desastres ambientais e, na percepção dos moradores, representam mais riscos que as vazantes. Os participantes apontam a baixa efetividade das políticas públicas como principal causa da ineficácia da resposta do poder público aos desastres fluviais. Os estudos de desastres naturais devem considerar as interações entre os aspectos ambientais e sociais dos territórios para alcançarem um entendimento acerca da complexidade do contexto em que ocorrem.

O artigo analisa o modo como o filme Non, ou a vã glória de mandar (1990), de Manoel de Oliveira, se compõe como figuração da história de Portugal, desde o momento da formação nacional até o limiar da Revolução dos Cravos, longo percurso que o cineasta condensa através da justaposição de épocas históricas observadas como manifestações de uma recusa reiterada: um implacável princípio do "Non" frustra variadas formas de sonho imperial e tem como cena emblemática a batalha de Alcácer-Quibir em 1578. Inspirado numa passagem de sermão do Padre Vieira, o filme traz uma reflexão sobre tal percurso na tônica de uma poética do desastre que, em seu final, ganha nova inflexão pelo cotejo entre o espectro de D. Sebastião e o destino do seu protagonista, o alferes Cabrita, no ocaso da guerra colonial em terras africanas.

The specialized literature highlights the disjunction between the bureaucratic timing of institutional responses to disasters and the duration of the established social crisis. The bursting of the Fundão Dam in Mariana, in the state of Minas Gerais, does not escape this dynamic. In this article, we seek to examine how the institutional timing for reparation has been enacted and how it has engendered new correlations of strength. Thus, we investigate the negotiations regarding the resettlement of the community in Paracatu de Baixo. The objective is to problematize how the "politics of time" operate within the measures for reparation. ; La literatura especializada destaca la disyunción entre el tiempo de respuesta burocrático y la duración de la crisis social en desastres. La ruptura de la represa Fundão en Mariana, Minas Gerais, no escapa a esta dinámica. En este artículo, buscamos examinar cómo funciona el tiempo de reparación institucional y como ello genera nuevas correlaciones de fuerza. Así, investigamos las negociaciones para el reasentamiento de la comunidad de Paracatu de Baixo. El objetivo es problematizar cómo opera la política del tiempo dentro de las medidas reparadoras. ; A literatura especializada destaca a disjunção entre o tempo burocrático das respostas institucionais aos desastres e a duração da crise social instalada. O rompimento da barragem de Fundão em Mariana, Minas Gerais, não escapa a essa dinâmica. Neste artigo, buscamos examinar como o tempo institucional da reparação atua e engendra novas correlações de força. Para tanto, investigamos as tratativas para o reassentamento da comunidade de Paracatu de Baixo. O objetivo é problematizar como opera a "política do tempo" no interior das medidas de reparação.

In the current article a brief commentary is made on the European political situation, in the aftermath of the profound crisis in which the Union is immersed ever since the arrival of the hurricane Euro. In the face of the complexity of the theme, the article is focused on two subjects marking the European agenda: on the one hand, the gradual rising of a different narrative about the Euro crisis vis-a-vis that which has prevailed in Germany's speech, as well as that of the main EU countries and the supranational institutions; on the other hand, the difficulties that may stand in the way of European politics at the institutional level, should the Eurozone countries -- or a hard nucleus of member-states -- decide to go ahead with a solution involving the furtherance of the integration process. Adapted from the source document.

Executive Council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 7 – 8 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; African Risk Capacity (ARC) Agency is a Specialized Agency of the African Union that was established in 2012 to provide a comprehensive and integrated approach to tackling the impacts of natural disasters on vulnerable populations on the continent. In 2014, ARC launched its initial risk insurance product for Member States through its financial affiliate, the ARC Insurance Company Limited (ARC Ltd). ARC Ltd is a specialist mutual insurance company and Africa's first ever disaster insurance pool. ARC Ltd aggregates risk by issuing insurance policies to participating governments and transferring the pooled risk to the international markets.

Many public policies seek to promote, maintain, modify or improve collective actions. The development of a country requires actions that are complex and wide in scope. This and following texts sort out: i) two general classes of problem-situations that lack collective action; and ii) kinds of mechanisms that are useful as possible solutions to such problem-situations; i.e., mechanisms for acting upon institutions (organizations; formal or legal norms; formal practices) or upon cultural elements (social customs; customary morality; customary values and beliefs) of a society. In these texts, a leitmotif is the strategic dimension, one of the dimensions of building or changing institutions and cultural elements. To this end, one takes advantage of basic games of strategy as simple models for assigning those problems into classes. This first text deals with the problem-situation of cooperation vs. defection, modeled as prisoner's dilemma games. It covers situations of disputes for exits during disasters; of party leaders that become candidates for losing elections; of groupthink in committees; of lack of interest in training employees; of bottlenecks in urban traffic; of creating new city or state governments; of bank runs to financial safety; of tragedies of commons, be they environmental or otherwise.