Suchergebnisse

The philosophy of organ allocation is the result of two seemingly irreconcilable principles: utilitarianism and distributive justice. The process of organ donation and transplantation in Brazil reveals large inequalities between regions and units of the Federation, from the harvesting of organs to their implantation. In this context, lung transplantation is performed in only a few centers in the country and is still a treatment with limited long-term results. The allocation of the few organs harvested for the few procedures performed is defined mainly by chronology, a criterion that is not linked to necessity, which is a criterion of distributive justice, and neither to utility, a criterion of utilitarianism. This article reviews the organ allocation philosophy focusing on the case of lung transplantations in Brazil.

This is an investigation of Michael Sandel's critique of Ronald Dworkin's thought. Through this analysis it will be possible to evaluate whether or not Dworkin was inconsistent in his egalitarian proposal. In other words, it will be possible to ascertain whether Dworkin, an avowed deontologist, ends up falling into utilitarian arguments to support his own theory. If this statement is true, we will assess the philosophical consequences of this incoherence. To do so, we will use, as a paradigmatic example, the distributive justice argument of Dworkin, more specifically, the question of affirmative action in the United States. In this sense, we will use as conducting threads the works 'Liberalism and the limits of justice' of Michael Sandel and 'A matter of principles' of Ronald Dworkin.

Este trabalho analisa o processo do desenvolvimentismo brasileiro compreendido entre a fase clássica dos anos 1950 até a perspectiva atual do novo-desenvolvimentismo, privilegiando o papel e a função desempenhadas pelo tema da democracia e da inclusão distributiva em cada arranjo. Na primeira seção, analisa-se a constelação semântica que envolve os termos progresso e desenvolvimento, procurando separá-los do processo/projeto denominado desenvolvimentismo. Na segunda seção, discutem-se as fases e características centrais do velho e do novo-desenvolvimentismo brasileiro e a perspectiva de sua subdivisão em três ondas históricas, separadas pelo aspecto político democrático e pelo tema da redistribuição. Por último, apresentam-se algumas considerações sobre o novo-desenvolvimentismo em seu arranjo democrático-inclusivo. ; This paper analyzes the process of the Brazilian developmentalism between the classical phase of the 1950s to the current perspective of new developmentalism, emphasizing the role and function played by the theme of democracy and distributive inclusion in every arrangement. In the first section, it is analyzed the semantic constellation involving the terms progress and development, seeking to separate them from the process / project called developmentalism. In the second section, it is discussed the phases and the central features of the old and the new Brazilian developmentalism and the prospect of their subdivision into three historical waves, separated by the political democratic aspect and by the theme of redistribution. Finally it presents some considerations about the new developmentalism in its democratic-inclusive arrangement.

This article presents the dossier, "Work in higher education", composed of 10 articles and discusses the changes that have taken place in the Brazilian labor world since the parliamentary, media and judicial coup that took place in 2016. It considers the hypothesis that one of the central goals of the coup was precisely the attack on work, in distributive sense of income, and also in the organizational sense of social and workers movements. It analyzes the legislation approved in the period - Law 13.429/2017 and Law 13.467/2017 - which has led to a sharp setback in the rights enshrined in the 1988 Constitution, and critically lists the main consequences of this legislation for workers such as unemployment, increased turnover, decrease in wages, reduction of recourses to labor justice and, consequently, increased mockery of protective social legislation at work, weakening of trade union organization and greater suffering at work in general. In the end, it develops the impacts of these changes on the work carried out in higher education institutions. ; El texto presenta el dossier "El trabajo en la educación superior", compuesto por diez artículos y aborda los cambios ocurridos en el mundo del trabajo en Brasil, a partir del golpe parlamentario, mediático y jurídico que se instaló en 2016. Parte de la hipótesis de que una de las metas centrales del golpe fue justamente el ataque al trabajo, sea en el sentido distributivo de la renta, sea en el sentido organizativo de los movimientos sociales y de trabajadores. Se analiza la legislación aprobada en el período - Ley nº 13.429/2017 y Ley nº 13.467/2017 -, que ha acarreado un fuerte retroceso en los derechos inscritos en la Constitución de 1988, y enumera, críticamente, las principales consecuencias de esta legislación para los trabajadores como el desempleo, el aumento de la rotatividad, la reducción salarial, la disminución del recurso a la justicia del trabajo y, consecuentemente, el aumento de las burlas a la legislación social protectora del trabajo, el debilitamiento de la organización sindical y mayor sufrimiento en el trabajo, de una manera general. Al final, desarrolla los impactos de esos cambios en el trabajo desarrollado en las instituciones de educación superior. ; O texto apresenta o dossiê "O trabalho na educação superior", composto de dez artigos e aborda as mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho no Brasil, a partir do golpe parlamentar, midiático e jurídico que se instalou em 2016. Parte da hipótese de que uma das metas centrais do golpe foi justamente o ataque ao trabalho, seja no sentido distributivo da renda, seja no sentido organizativo dos movimentos sociais e de trabalhadores. Analisa a legislação aprovada no período – Lei nº 13.429/2017 e Lei nº 13.467/2017 –, que tem acarretado um forte retrocesso nos direitos inscritos na Constituição de 1988, e enumera, criticamente, as principais consequências dessa legislação para os trabalhadores como o desemprego, o aumento da rotatividade, a redução salarial, a diminuição do recurso à justiça do trabalho e, consequentemente, aumento das burlas à legislação social protetora do trabalho, o enfraquecimento da organização sindical e maior sofrimento no trabalho, de uma maneira geral. Ao final, desenvolve os impactos dessas mudanças no trabalho desenvolvido nas instituições de educação superior.