Suchergebnisse

Dal racconto di una violenza a sfondo razziale avvenuta nella metropolitana di Roma a dicembre del 2018 emerge una questione che sta alla radice degli Hate Crimes e di altre forme di discriminazione individuale, politica e istituzionale: come puòun atto violento essere considerato accettabile socialmente al punto da apparire appropriato e normale? A partire da questa domanda, ci si propone di discutere la natura dei pregiudizi, prendendo le distanze dalla tradizione razionalista che li considera distorsioni della realtà, e di analizzare come si costruiscono nell'ambito dei processi di differenziazione, di classificazione stereotipata e di dominio. Infine, alla luce della versione di pregiudizio proposta, s'intende discutere i motivi per cui nel caso esposto il pianto di una bambina non sia stato di ostacolo alla disumanizzazione in atto.

L'attività di contrasto agli abusi di posizione dominante realizzata nel corso del 2020 presenta una sostanziale continuità con quella degli anni scorsi, quanto al numero di procedimenti avviati e conclusi, alle modalità di avvio dei procedimenti, alla prevalenza di istruttorie realizzate in applicazione decentrata del diritto antitrust europeo, alle metodologie applicate nella definizione di mercato rilevante e nella valutazione sia della posizione dominante sia delle condotte sospette. Anche sul piano dell'enforcement in senso stretto, si conferma nell'anno 2020 la tendenza a limitare il ricorso alle decisioni con impegni e, per converso, ad adottare una politica sanzionatoria più clemente. ; In 2020, antitrust enforcement about abuses of dominance is, on the whole, aligned to the recent praxis, as for the number of proceedings opened and the number of decisions issued by the Authority, for the prevalence of proceedings framed in the EU antitrust law and dealing with exclusionary conducts, as well as for the methodology applied to market definition and the assessment of both dominance and conducts. Moreover, it is confirmed in 2020 the trend towards limiting commitment decisions and to adopt a more lenient fining policy.

If compared to the Etruscan Farm (6th - 5th cent. BC) along the river Alma, which is an emblematic case of political and cultural dominance of Vetulonia throughout the entire existence of a settlement, the case of the Villa of Nomadelfia (1st cent. BC - mid-2nd cent. AD) is very unusual: built in a 'liminare' territory, belonging to the Etruscan Vetulonia at first, and then to the contiguous polis of Rusellae (here the reason of the title). In this preliminary study, the examination of these two cases has brought out interesting common aspects, despite the different chronology: the formal contamination between the city and country residences; the development of variants compared to the 'canonical' planimetric model; the transposing of basic traditional elements of the house into the modern type of domestic architecture.

After the unification of Italy, laws were passed establishing the uniformity of local institutions over the whole national territory. In pre-Nazi Germany, on the contrary, those institutions were regulated by norms that allowed -- in accordance with the will of the citizens -- a great variety of forms of government. Another difference between the two cases lies in the important role given in Germany to the burgomaster: a personality with great technical abilities & political balance. The Italian communes were instead governed along factional or party lines, & this necessitated strong forms of control on the part of the central government. The two cases are therefore embodiments of two different traditions: the unitary & centralist one, in Italy, & the federal & autonomist one, in Germany. The differences came near to disappearing only during the authoritarian regimes, which saw the end, in both countries, of local autonomy & the dominance, in municipal government, of party personalities appointed by the center. Adapted from the source document.

L'oggetto di studio della presente ricerca è quello di comprendere l'importanza che possono avere le relazioni gruppali e interpersonali sul clima relazionale di due Pubbliche Amministrazioni, e fino a che punto tali interazioni possano essere influenzate da alcuni costrutti psicologico-sociali presi in esame, quali la Social Dominance Orientation (Sidanius et al., 2001), il Bisogno di Chiusura Cognitiva (Kruglanski, 1990), il modello di personalità Big Five (McCrae & Costa, 1985), la scala del pregiudizio manifesto e latente (Pettigrew & Meertens, 1995) e l'Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996). La ricerca, che ha coinvolto 184 partecipanti, è avvenuta tramite la somministrazione di un questionario ad hoc sia in formato cartaceo che in formato digitale. Nella prima parte verranno illustrati i concetti di socializzazione, clima e cultura organizzativa per poi passare ad un'analisi degli strumenti che sono stati utilizzati all'interno del presente elaborato. Nella seconda parte verranno esaminati i dati ottenuti dalla somministrazione dei questionari consegnati ai dipendenti dei Comuni di San Vincenzo e Piombino ed attraverso l'interpretazione dei risultati scaturiti, si cercherà di comprendere se vi siano associazioni significative tra le variabili oggetto di studio. L'obiettivo della ricerca è quello di comprendere come la Social Dominance Orientation possa influire sul clima relazionale dei dipendenti, ipotizzando che individui favorevoli alla presenza di differenze gerarchiche a livello sociale siano positivamente correlati alle variabili di pregiudizio e sessismo e che essa possa fungerne da antecedente. In base a studi condotti da Webster & Kruglanski (1996) è stata inoltre ipotizzata una correlazione positiva tra il Bisogno di Chiusura Cognitiva, la SDO e le variabili del pregiudizio e sessismo. I risultati hanno messo in evidenza che vi è una correlazione significativa della SDO con il pregiudizio sottile ed una relazione positiva con il pregiudizio manifesto e il sessismo, confermando la prima ipotesi di ricerca. La seconda ipotesi, secondo la quale l'orientamento alla dominanza sociale potrebbe fungere da variabile antecedente di atteggiamenti discriminatori, è stata confermata in parte data la presenza di una correlazione positiva ma non significativa con la variabile del sessismo. È stata infine confermata l'ipotesi che prevedeva una correlazione positiva del Bisogno di Chiusura Cognitiva con le altre variabili oggetto di studio.

The judgment of 5 May 2020 of the Zweiter Senat of the Bundesverfassungsgericht is manifestly inappropriate from a legal point of view as it expresses the German constitutional judge's claim to assess the legality of the ECB's decisions and the correctness of reasoning of the CJEU in Weiss. The German judges are using the principle of proportionality to assess the correct application of the principle of conferral in a way that is "simply completely unintelligible and thus objectively arbitrary" — to use their own qualification of the CJEU's reasoning. Furthermore, the judges make a very questionable use of the principle of democracy and of economic analysis in assessing the correctness of the ECB's PSPP program. The judgement is extremely dangerous by ultimately questioning the application of EU law in a Member State and it encourages other courts and Member States' governments to do the same. The German judges' reasoning is the glaring demonstration of a form of "cultural dominance" which particularly emerges in the reasoning carried out on proportionality.

The perception of femicide and violence against women has known a constant evolution in recent years; both mass media and political and social actors tried to raise awareness on the issue. According to Diana Russell's definition (the killing of females by males because they are females), femicide has to be considered as a social and political fact and not just as ordinary crimes: it represents extreme manifestations of male dominance over female. Our aim is to analyse how these facts are represented every day in the Italian press. In our thesis we collected and analysed articles from the online edition of four of the most important national newspapers in Italy (Corriere della Sera, la Repubblica, Il Fatto Quotidiano and Libero) and from two Sardinian local newspapers (L'Unione Sarda and La Nuova Sardegna). The time span goes from January 2010 to May 2015. We will examine how the characters are depicted in the texts, what are the reasons behind the facts, and how violence itself is described, together with other linguistic aspects related to the headlines, to the use of direct speech and quotes from the protagonists of the events.

Nine years have passed from the explosion of the most severe financial crisis since the Great Depression, yet most European economies are stagnating if not sinking. Given the constraints on fiscal policies, the burden of restoring growth and employment has shifted from governments to the European Central Bank, which at first implemented a loose monetary policy by lowering short-term interest rates. Once the zero lower bound was attained, the ECB decided to purchase government securities and private bonds. The effects of such unconventional measures on investment, inflation and employment is what this Master's dissertation will assess. Post-keynesian economics will provide the main theoretical reference to better understand how central banks operate in a developed credit-based economy and how the economic environment is supposed to react. The mainstream view will be challenged by arguing that unconventional monetary policies such as the Quantitative Easing have no significant effects in increasing aggregate demand. It will be showed that asset purchasing programmes lead to perverse outcomes consisting in increasing financial instability via the substitution of safe with risky assets. At last, this encourages corporations in exploiting carry trade opportunities and accelerates the already worrisome dominance of the financial sector.

Petrarch between Literature and Political Power Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) was not only an outstanding poet and scholar of his age, but also an interesting example of a public intellectual ante litteram, at least he appears to be so from the writings he left to posterity. His works in Latin, in particular, provide a strong critical commentary on the political issues of his time and about civilisation and history in general. Petrarch loved to live close to the centers of power and to maintain good relationships with influential political personalities; nevertheless, he managed to avoid getting involved in practical political activity or being recruited as a secretary or courtier. Despite not being of noble birth, he succeeded in being accepted into the most prestigious social circles and, at the same time, maintained sufficient independence and freedom to dedicate his time to literature. In his works he tried to impose ancient Rome as a social model and Roman heroes as exemplars of individual qualities; he also tried to convince the political powers (especially the Italian maritime republics and the Roman Emperor) to re-establish Italian dominance, to as great an extent as possible, within the borders of the Roman Empire. Petrarch sought to quell the violence of Italian political life and restore the papacy to Rome, with the aim of opposing French power in Europe.

The vast output of Carlo Cattaneo contains no works specifically on the theme of colonialism. Nevertheless, this author, who is often represented as the historian of the triumphant bourgeoisie, frequently makes observations on the relationship between Europe, at the height of its splendor & its capacity for expansion beyond the continent, & the peoples & civilizations of the non-European world. His essays on India & China are particularly illuminating in this respect. Cattaneo's analyses contain an original mixture of historical reconstruction, cultural comparison & armchair anthropology. One is continuously aware of his perception of the need to reconcile the process of universalization emanating from Europe with the specific practices & values found in other nations & other forms of state. Racialist perspectives are completely alien to Cattaneo's work, & this guarantees an attitude of respect, though without ruling out a realistic recognition of the superiority behind Europe's position of dominance. Moreover, Cattaneo was not in a position to take into account "real" colonialism: having died in 1869 -- the year of the opening of the Suez Canal & the purchase of the Assab Bay by an Italian company -- he was not able directly to witness the emerging experience of Italian colonialism. In this sense, the more direct point of reference for Cattaneo's work is British colonialism. Adapted from the source document.