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The award of the Nobel Prize in Economics to Professor Jean Tirole in 2014 has generated intense interest about his brainchild theory of two-sided markets. Against this background, this paper explores whether there is such a thing as a unified theory of two-sided markets and whether the two-sided markets literature can readily be applied by antitrust agencies, regulatory authorities and courts. This paper vindicates caution. The buzz surrounding two-sided markets could mask the fact that, in many cases, the policy implications of the theory are not yet clear, and that divergences among its proponents are often underplayed. In that regard, the paper notably stresses that one of the key conditions of market two-sidedness identified by Rochet and Tirole in their seminal paper of 2003 – the unavailability of Coasian bargaining between both sides of a platform – has often disappeared from subsequent scholarship. This omission threatens the coherent implementation of the theory of two-sided markets. Without this qualification, markets are often mischaracterized as two-sided, as soon as they display prima facie signs of indirect network externalities.

The development of Euro-American domination over other cultures in the US, 1590-1990, is examined, delineating the experiences of the American Indians, African Americans, Euro-Americans, & Mexican Americans during three phases: (1) colonial America; (2) the expansionist US republic; & (3) the modern industrial US. The parallel histories of the nondominant ethnic/racial groups depict processes of racially defined subordination, which have spurred a politics of identity offset by integration & cultural assimilation for the economically successful among these groups & resulting fragmentation of ethnic/racial unity. American Indians are depicted as failing to attain political power & resisting domination through cultural revival. Mexican Americans have achieved some political power, but attacks on their language, economic restrictions, & restrictions on free movement across borders have kept them marginalized & divided by national origin. African Americans, though the most racially subordinated group within the US, have gained the most political power largely because of the judicial & constitutional framework derived from the reversal of their previous subjection of law. The experiences of women in each of these racialized groups are discussed. 76 References. D. Generoli

12 páginas.-- 3 figuras.-- 1 tabla.-- 58 referencias.-- Special Feature: Intransitive competition and species coexistence.-- Data available from the Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5d1s9 (Matías, Godoy, Gómez-Aparicio, & Pérez-Ramos, 2018). ; El artículo esta en libre acceso en la revista.-- free access article in this review ; Very little is known about how variation in environmental conditions alters the strength and the structure of competitive networks and what are the consequences of this for species coexistence. We performed a competition experiment with 10 annual plant species to parameterise a population model describing species' dynamics according to their vital rates and pairwise competitive coefficients. Seeds from all species were sown under two different climatic scenarios: (1) right before the first major storm of the growing season and (2) after an imposed fall drought of 2 months simulating an extreme climatic event of intense aridity. Species' demography and competitive responses were used to estimate pairwise stabilising niche differences and average fitness differences. In addition, we used tools from network theory to characterise the structure of multispecies competition from the determinants of species coexistence. Specifically, we evaluated changes in competitive dominance between species pairs, and the prevalence of intransitive competitive relationships for 120 triplets between these two climatic events. The experimental extreme event significantly reduced fitness differences between species pairs. Such an equalising mechanism promotes coexistence. However, niche differences were also reduced in such a way that the number of species pairs whose niche differences overcame their fitness differences was reduced from six to two. Contrary to our expectations, the extreme event did not increase the hierarchy of competitive dominance. Instead, and depending on the technique used, the prevalence of intransitivity remained marginally similar (17% to 22%) or significantly increased from 19.4% to 29.8%. This pattern was likely a consequence of the significant changes in competitive dominance between species pairs (26 changes out of 45; 58%). Although fitness differences were equalised and intransitive competition promoted, our model predicted a lower likelihood of coexistence under the extreme event for both species pairs and triplets, mainly because competitive interactions did not promote enough niche differences to balance the observed fitness asymmetries in our competitive networks. Synthesis. We empirically proved that an extreme climate results in communities with reduced niche and fitness differences in which species are less likely to coexist despite the increasing prevalence of intransitive competition. ; Was funded by a Juan de la Cierva grant (FPDI-2013-15867). O.G. acknowledges postdoctoral financial support provided by the Spanish Ministry for Education and Science (Juan de la Cierva, JCI-2012-12061), and by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 661118-BioFUNC. Funding support to conduct the experiment was provided by the Spanish Ecological Terrestrial Society (AEET, Jóvenes Investigadores grant 2014/2). L.G.-A. acknowledges support from the MICINN project INTERCAPA (CGL-2014-56739-R) and European FEDER Funds. I.M.P.-R thanks the funding provided by the Ramón & Cajal Research Programme (RYC-2013-13937) and the Spanish MINECO project DECAFUN (CGL2015-70123-R). ; Peer reviewed

This Element focuses on New Public Governance as one of the major administrative narratives of our times. It offers a critical interpretation of NPG as a hybrid tool for management, governance, and reform, arguing that NPG coexists with and is likely to gradually merge into New Public Management. Several arguments support the 'continuity and hybridization' hypothesis, whereby the transition from NPM to NPG occurred through the retention of key elements and a layering and sedimentation process. These arguments challenge the "linear substitution" hypothesis, accounting for NPM's persistence and dominance. The Element develops a new interpretation of NPG and discusses the challenges that NPG poses. Finally, it shows that exploring hybridity is critical for evaluating the potential of NPG in terms of a shift in public administration and understanding governance trajectories and reform scenarios.

Situated within the context of seismic global transformations of the early twentieth century-namely the two World Wars and the crisis of the imperial order-Provincial Democracy delves into the period between the decline of empire and the rise of the nation. This period, the book contends, is defined by not only the dominance of the nation state and debates over a new global order, but also the expansion of democratic participation in defining and negotiating political futures and an increased use of the language of liberalism, political rights, and self-government in colonial India. Moreover, it shifts the focus from the dominant narrative of linguistic nationalism as defining regionalism on to debates over questions of representation, rights, political reforms, and federalism. Thus, it uncovers a broad perspective on political imaginaries that anticipated democracy in independent India.

This new text analyzes the development of the presidency as the dominant political institution in the United States and raises questions about its future relevance. In this history of the U.S. executive branch from the framing of the Constitution to the Biden administration, author Wilbur C. Rich illuminates the transformation of the presidential role by a variety of extra-constitutional, non-legal forces, technology, and social changes.The book highlights how some presidents nevertheless have managed to maintain relevancy and dominance by adapting to these changes or by introducing changes of their own. For undergraduate students and researchers of presidential history and American political development, this expansive historical overview of the executive branch in America makes a strong case that the significance of the American presidency has declined dramatically--and perhaps irrevocably--in the modern presidency.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Threatening or Marginalized: Muslim Identity and Perceived Inequality among Minority Muslim Populations -- 2. Universality and Variability of Women's Experiences of Workplace Sexism: An Integration of the Social Dominance and Intersectional Approaches -- 3. Globalization and Inequity: Families and Individuals in Crisis -- 4. Exploring Inequities Faced by Immigrants with Multiple Minority Identities -- 5. Mental Health of Refugees and Migrants -- 6. Migrants and Resettlement: From Crisis to Self-Sufficiency -- 7. Borderlanders' Knowledge of Mental Health and Mental Illness: Mental Health Literacy -- 8. Reshaping Social Relations in Educational Theory and Practice: A Global Teaching and Decolonizing Collaboration -- 9. Global Inequity, Climate Change, and Sustainability: An Indigenous Perspective -- 10. Application of United Nations Global Compact Principles to Protect Indigenous Peoples, Preserve Human Rights, and Promote Corporate Social Responsibility -- About the Editors and Contributors -- Index.

"American Exception seeks to explain the breakdown of US democracy. In particular, how we can understand the uncanny continuity of American foreign policy, the breakdown of the rule of law, and the extreme concentration of wealth and power into an overworld of the corporate rich. To trace the evolution of the American state, the author takes a deep politics approach, shedding light on those political practices that are typically repressed in "mainstream" discourse. In its long history before World War II, the US had a deep political system--a system of governance in which decision-making and enforcement were carried out within--and outside of--public institutions. It was a system that always included some degree of secretive collusion and law-breaking. After World War II, US elites decided to pursue global dominance over the international capitalist system.

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage der Möglichkeit der Gemeinwohlbildung in einer liberalen Demokratie auf der Grundlage der Dominanz der Privatwirtschaft auf besitzindividualistischer Grundlage. Mit Bezug auf die kulturtheoretische und psychodynamische Analyse des Gewebes der Kategorien der Gewalt, des meritorischen Empowerments, der Gemeinwirtschaft und der sozialen Innovation wird ein Zivilisationsverständnis des kollektiven Erlernens der sozialen Freiheit im Kontext des sozialen Friedens im Rechtsstaat transzendentallogisch entwickelt. Normativ-rechtlicher Fluchtpunkt ist das moderne Naturrecht der personalen Würde des Menschen.This study discusses the possibility of strengthening common welfare in the context of liberal democracy based on the ideological dominance of the capitalist concept of possessive individualism. It explores an understanding of civilization as a process of collective learning in terms of the social freedom of togetherness in the context of social peace generated by the transcendental function of the rule of law in the form of the welfare state. This is embedded in a reconfiguration of the public regulation of private violation, combining merit goods with empowerment, social innovation and the common welfare economy.

Riots, Race and Representation -- Absolute Beginnings [1959] -- The Young Englanders [1967] -- Black Men White Media [1974] -- Race and Moral Panics in Post-war Britain [1978] -- Summer In The City [1981] -- Drifting Into A Law and Order Society [1982] -- The Whites of Their Eyes [1979] -- The politics of intellectual work against racism -- Teaching Race [1980] -- Pluralism, Race and Class in Caribbean Society [1977] -- Africa is Alive and Well [1975] -- Race, Articulation and Societies Structured in Dominance [1978] -- New Ethnicities [1983] -- Cultural Identity & Diaspora [1990] -- C.L.R. James a portrait [1992] -- Calypso Kings [2002] -- Cultural and Multicultural questions -- Gramsci's Relevance for the study of race and ethnicity [1968] -- Subjects in History: Making Diasporic Identities [1998] -- On Fanon [1996] -- Race the floating signifier [1997] -- In, but not of Europe [2003] -- Cosmopolitan Promises Multicultural Realities [2006] -- The Multicultural Question [2000]

Riots, Race and Representation -- Absolute Beginnings [1959] -- The Young Englanders [1967] -- Black Men White Media [1974] -- Race and Moral Panics in Post-war Britain [1978] -- Summer In The City [1981] -- Drifting Into A Law and Order Society [1982] -- The Whites of Their Eyes [1979] -- The politics of intellectual work against racism -- Teaching Race [1980] -- Pluralism, Race and Class in Caribbean Society [1977] -- Africa is Alive and Well [1975] -- Race, Articulation and Societies Structured in Dominance [1978] -- New Ethnicities [1983] -- Cultural Identity & Diaspora [1990] -- C.L.R. James a portrait [1992] -- Calypso Kings [2002] -- Cultural and Multicultural questions -- Gramsci's Relevance for the study of race and ethnicity [1968] -- Subjects in History: Making Diasporic Identities [1998] -- On Fanon [1996] -- Race the floating signifier [1997] -- In, but not of Europe [2003] -- Cosmopolitan Promises Multicultural Realities [2006] -- The Multicultural Question [2000]

1. Seshu nu per ānkh: The Ancient Kemetian Genesis of Digital Communication - Abdul Karim Bangura -- 2. Digital Communications: Colonization or Rationalization? - Chuka Onwumechili and Shamilla Amulega -- 3. Digital Communication in Africa at Crossroads: From Physical Exploitation in the Past to Virtual Dominance Now - M'Bawine Atintande -- 4. Africa at Development Policy and Practice Crossroads in the Digital Era: Navigating Decolonization and Glocalization - Bala A. Musa -- 5. Pax-Africana versus Western Digi-Culturalism: An Ethnomethodological Study of Selected Mobile African Apps - Kehbuma Langmia -- 6. Africans and Digital Communication at Crossroads: Rethinking Existing Decolonial Paradigms - Agnes Lucy Lando -- 7. African Communication Paradigms between Yesterday and Tomorrow: Preserving and Enhancing Africanity in the Digital Age - Mohammed Saliou Camara -- 8. Digital Communication Tools in the Classroom as a Decolonial Solution: Pedagogical Experiments from Ashesi University in Ghana - Kajsa Hallberg Adu.