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Everyone agrees we have duties of charity, however restrictive a view they take of our duties of justice. But duties of charity can sometimes be stronger than duties of justice, and where they are, those owed duties of justice cannot complain when the duty-bearer discharges that duty of charity instead. Furthermore, duties of charity, being imperfect, require institutional specification to render them into perfect duties making clear who owes what to whom. Institutions do that by "consolidating" imperfect duties of charity. Such institutions would be very similar to those required by robust duties of justice. Anyone who takes appropriately seriously the duties of charity that everyone agrees we all have would thereby be led to prescribe broadly the same institutions as advocates of robust duties of justice.

This book provides a systematic overview of shareholders' duties found in European company law and capital market law. It is often assumed that shareholders have rights, not duties. In recent years, however, this assumption has come under intense scrutiny in all aspects of company law, and scholarship. In Europe especially, major changes are under way across a diverse spectrum, all the way from revised contractual arrangements to mandatory statutory provisions. Such a shift has important implications for the fundamentals of European company law, and there is a need to examine shareholders' duties and consider where this trend is taking shareholders and their stance in law. This focused collection of essays addresses this complex subjects from highly informative and useful variety of perspectives

J. van der Poel has just published The History of Netherlands' Revenue Stamps, 1624–1954. Mr. van der Poel is the director of the Netherlands Administration of Direct Taxes, Fees, and Excise and the Director of Netherlands' Tax Academy (Rijksbelastingsacademie) in Rotterdam, a civil service university for the highest grades of the Dutch fiscal service.