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Ecological rationality: intelligence in the world
In: Evolution and cognition
Ecological Rationality and Economics: Where the Twain Shall Meet
In: Forthcoming in Synthese
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Political expertise, ecological rationality and party cues
In: Behavioural public policy: BPP, S. 1-20
ISSN: 2398-0648
Abstract
Political scientists have proposed that party cues can be used to compensate for the public's well-documented lack of substantive political knowledge, but some critics have argued that applying party cues is more difficult than assumed. We argue that this debate has proven intractable in part because scholars have used ambiguous normative criteria to evaluate judgments. We use a unique task and clear normative criteria to evaluate the use of party cues in making political judgments among two samples: a sample of state legislators and an online sample of the public. We find that the public sample performs poorly when using cues to make judgments. State legislators make much more accurate judgments on average than even the most attentive segment of the public and are more likely to place less weight on irrelevant cues when making judgments, although there is evidence that both samples performed worse with the inclusion of non-diagnostic cues. We conclude with a discussion of the relevance of the results, which we interpret as showing that party cue use is more difficult than theorized, and discuss some practical implications of the findings.
The Ecological Rationality of Mechanisms Evolved to make up Minds
In: American behavioral scientist: ABS, Band 43, Heft 6, S. 940-956
ISSN: 1552-3381
Selective pressures favoring rapid decisions would have led to the evolution of simple decision-making mechanisms that could take the form of heuristics and rules that use as little available information as possible. Such decision heuristics can only be ecologically rational—yielding accurate inferences in particular problem domains—if they exploit the way that information is structured in the environment. The author presents a variety of fast and frugal heuristics that are ecologically rational and shows how they can be organized in the mind's adaptive toolbox of decision-making strategies.
Classical liberalism and ecological rationality: The case for polycentric environmental law
In: Environmental politics, Band 17, Heft 3, S. 431-448
ISSN: 1743-8934
Managing Manure from China's Pigs and Poultry: The Influence of Ecological Rationality
We have investigated manure management practices at three farm scales in Chinese pig and poultry production. The concept of ecological rationality was employed to explore empirically how environmental concerns drive adoption of environmental-friendly manure management technologies at different farm scales. The more developed Rudong County in Jiangsu Province and the less developed Zhongjiang County in Sichuan Province were chosen as cases for study of 258 animal breeders. On the contrary to our hypothesis, medium-scale farmers were not always found to be laggards in adoption of manure management technologies. Government ecological rationality played a key role to induce environmental-friendly technology adoption on its own, but also in cooperation with ecologically rational individual or network drivers. Authorities no longer applied their efforts in a conventional command-and-control way, but more in the form of incentives, stimulation, and information to farmers. Individual farmers in general showed low environmental responsibility in relation to manure handling.
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Gerd Gigerenzer and Vernon Smith: Ecological Rationality of Heuristics in Psychology and Economics
In: R. Frantz, S.-H. Chen, K. Dopfer, F. Heukelom, & S. Mousavi (Eds.), Routledge handbook of behavioral economics (pp. 88-100). London: Taylor & Francis (2017)
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Working paper
Can People Use Party Cues to Assess Policymaker Positions? Ecological Rationality and Political Heuristics
In: Political research quarterly: PRQ ; official journal of the Western Political Science Association and other associations, Band 76, Heft 3, S. 1502-1515
ISSN: 1938-274X
Scholars disagree about the ability of people to use heuristics to make political judgments, with some arguing that heuristics are easy-to-use pieces of information and others arguing that applying heuristics may require some degree of political expertise. We argue that these debates have been somewhat intractable because most prior work has not considered the ecological rationality of political judgments—that is, the potential for cues to yield accurate judgments about a clearly defined reference class. In this paper, we present the results of two studies exploring whether people use party labels to make judgments about a random sample of U.S. Representatives' voting behaviors. We find that respondents consistently performed worse in guessing U.S. Representatives' votes than if they had correctly used a simple partisan heuristic. There is also some evidence that people performed worse with the presence of more nonparty cues. Attention to politics had a positive relationship with accuracy in both studies, although the relationship was modest. The results suggest that party cues may be more difficult to apply than some research has suggested.
Deliberative Environmental Politics: Democracy and Ecological Rationality by Walter F. Baber and Robert V. Bartlett
In: Political science quarterly: a nonpartisan journal devoted to the study and analysis of government, politics and international affairs ; PSQ, Band 122, Heft 2, S. 346-348
ISSN: 1538-165X
Ecological reasoning revisited
Ecological reasoning has been a subject of discussion for some time now. The earliest references to it dates back to 1983 when John S. Dryzek wrote his article on 'ecological rationality'.3 In this article, Dryzek discussed the problem of collective decision making and argued that 'ecological rationality' is a more fundamental form of reason than all other forms of rationality - political, economic, technical, legal and social4 - and hence should take precedence over them when making collective decisions or public policies.5 Dryzek gave the utmost importance to 'ecological rationality' because he claimed that "the preservation of the life-support systems upon which human beings depend is a precondition to the continued existence of society."6 Although, he argued that ecological reasoning should set the standard of reasoning, he didn't make it clear what ecological reasoning entails. This paper aims to explore the incurrent patterns of 'ecological reasoning' through observations of instances of reasoning by self-claimed ecological reasoners in an ethnographic research. In our in depth interviews (48 owners and managers of greentech and consultancy firms in Portugal and Turkey) some of our interlocutors, self claimed ecological reasoners, said that they need to translate their ecological reasoning into economical reasoning in order to appeal to their customers. In other words, in order to make sense, they need to frame their ecological concerns in economic terms. However, contrary to the clarity of economic reasoning, ecological reasoning manifests in a foggy terrain. What are the characteristics of reasoning pattern that make it ecological? Economic reasoning manifests itself in profit maximization, interest seeking etc. However ecological reasoning is a camelon, the colours oscillates between attributing intrinsic value to nature on the one hand; and it gains the colour of means-end rationality on the other.
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Judges, Policymakers and Rationality
In: The Journal of Private Enterprise, Forthcoming
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Rationality – What? Misconceptions of Neoclassical and Behavioral Economics
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Working paper
Review of A Fast and Frugal Finance: Bridging Contemporary Behavioral Finance and Ecological Rationality by William P. Forbes, Aloysius Obinna Igboekwu, & Shabnam Mousavi
First paragraph: I write this review under lockdown amid a global pandemic. So far today (March 25th 2020), the Dow Jones is up 5 percent. Last week trading was suspended following a 13 percent fall. Financial markets across the globe are struggling to price the risk posed by an unprecedented phenomenon. Given this uncertainty, the equity premium puzzle might not look like such a puzzle after all. ; Output Type: Book Review
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Deliberative Environmental Politics: Democracy and Ecological Rationality, Walter F. Baber and Robert V. Bartlett (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2005), 288 pp., $24 paper
In: Ethics & international affairs, Band 20, Heft 4, S. 531-533
ISSN: 1747-7093