Suchergebnisse

Drawing on the perspective of classical liberalism, and developing a comparative institutions framework through which to evaluate alternative proposals for environmental improvement, the case is made for a system of polycentric environmental law. Within this context, contemporary theories that favour an extension of state regulation in order to address the trans-boundary nature of environmental goods are challenged. Problems arising from the complexity of social and ecological processes, the collective nature of environmental goods and the distributive consequences of environmental protection are unlikely to be met by a framework that emphasises greater unity in decisions. On the contrary, the principle of ecological rationality is more likely to be met within a classical liberal framework that facilitates market-like processes of competitive spontaneous order at multiple levels. (Environmental Politics / FUB)

The interaction among species & chemicals in the food chain often yields potential outcomes that are difficult to foresee. In policy terms, these interactions comprise an information load beyond human cognition, resulting in unexpected side effects, eg, invasions of species, epidemics, air pollution, toxic substances, & endangered species. The policy process attempts to deal with the information problem by using: (1) an incremental approach, (2) a bounding approach, or (3) an uncertainty approach. Unfortunately, the bounding approach excludes all data on interactions outside the apparent cause/effect hypothesis. Possible approaches to augment & improve environmental policy, beyond the bounding approach, are: inquiring into uncertainties & side effects, choosing complex ecologies over simple ones, & sampling for uncertain risks by probability assessments. HA.

THE BOUNDING APPROACH OF THE POLICY PROCESS IN DEALING WITH THE INFORMATION PROBLEM EXCLUDES ALL DATA OUTSIDE THE APPARENT CAUSE /EFFECT HYPOTHESIS. POSSIBLE APPROACHES ARE TO INQUIRE INTO SIDE-EFFECTS AND UNCERTAINTIES, CHOSE COMPLEX ECOLOGIES OVER SIMPLE, AND SAMPLE FOR UNCERTAIN RISKS BY PROBABLITY ASSESSMENTS.

An exploration of how the terms "community" & "fraternity" are used & perceived today. While the original, religious dimension of community has never been universalized socially, it has found a place in sociological usage. Herman Schmalenbach's essay "Communion -- A Sociological Category" (see On Society and Experience: Selected Papers, Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1977) illustrates the transition from a religious communion in a spiritual relationship to a modern secular one in a social relationship. Among new expressions of communal forms are a currently diluted form of ethnicity & rejection of modern trends (eg, fraternization around nuclear protest, abortion, environmental issues). Despite boundless possibilities for fraternization, it is concluded that modern civilization is not a community, although US experience in practicing fraternization within a secular world is aiming toward it. 4 References. J. White

Part 1: Shepard Krech and his critics -- 1. Beyond The ecological Indian / Shepard Krech III -- 2. The ecological Indian and the politics of representation: critiquing The ecological Indian in the age of ecocide / Darren J. Ranco -- 3. Myths of the ecological whitemen: histories, science, and rights in North American-Native American relations / Harvey A. Feit -- Part 2: (Over)hunting large game -- 4. Did the ancestors of Native Americans cause animal extinctions in late-pleistocene North America? And does it matter if they did? / Robert L. Kelly and Mary M. Prasciunas -- 5. Rationality and resource use among hunters: some Eskimo examples / Ernest S. Burch Jr. -- 6. Wars over buffalo: stories versus stories on the Northern Plains / Dan Flores -- Part 3: Representations of Indians and animals -- 7. Watch for falling bison : the buffalo hunt as museum trope and ecological allegory / John Dorst -- 8. Ecological and un-ecological Indians : the (non)portrayal of Plains Indians in the buffalo commons literature / Sebastian F. Braun -- Part 4: Traditional ecological knowledge -- 9. Swallowing wealth : Northwest Coast beliefs and ecological practices / Michael E. Harkin -- 10. Sustaining a relationship : inquiry into the emergence of a logic of engagement with salmon among the southern Tlingits / Stephen J. Langdon -- Part 5: Contemporary resource management issues -- 11. The politics of cultural revitalization and intertribal resource management: the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission and the states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota / Larry Nesper and James H. Schlender -- 12. Skull Valley goshutes and the politics of nuclear waste: environment, identity, and sovereignty / David Rich Lewis