Economic globalization has become a controversial phenomenon of civilization culture. Actuality of its study is explained that it is practically a scalene and multidimensional theoretical construction. The problem concerns the defiition of direct cultural and historical development, such as talking about his ways regress or progress or innovation brings destruction in human relations.The purpose of the article is fiding out of volume of maintenance of ascending concepts: «humanism culture» and «economic globalization». In the analysis of recent researches and publications marked integrative research, «counter» intentions of economists and philosophers in research of globalization phenomena. Scientists-economists are trying to rethink the theoretical dogmas of economic science and philosophical-humanitarian discipline includes a tool purely economic analysis of the practical methods of management. Methodological approaches to local researchers of economic globalization do not differ from the existing West. The main differences between them touch understanding of its directions and consequences. The problems of political leadership are violated in the era of the World Economic Space. At the same time the problems of cultural mutual relations come into question between people.In basic results research is accented attention on the fact that the questions of economic globalization require world philosophical and ideological interpretation. Regardless of social scales of application humanism as an ideological principle becomes everyday claimed. Humanity is excited for its prospects. For the estimation the level of globalization in 2002 at an assistance of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and with the participation of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology under the direction of Axel Drehe, professor of Economics University by Ruphert-Carls in Germany, was founded the Index of Globalization (KOF). This index is combined by economic, political and social criteria of life of society and allows to estimate the scale of integration of individual countries into world processes. In this project the index of cultural integration is veiled social criteria. In western style of thought the culture and the society is identifid in measurements of dimensions and quality of life.In conclusions specifid, that modern realities of economic globalization has not suffiiently identifid with the content of philosophical tools. They need to form a new ideological paradigm with bringing in of complex methodological and praxeological factors ; Экономическая глобализация стала противоречивым феноменом цивилизационной культуры, а потому выясняется объем содержания восходящих понятий «гуманистическая культура» и «экономическая глобализация». Современные реалии экономической глобализации еще не достаточно идентифицируются с содержанием философского инструментария. Они требуют формирования новой мировоззренческой парадигмы с привлечением комплекса методологических и праксеологических факторов. ; Економічна глобалізація стала суперечливим феноменом цивілізаційної культури, а тому з'ясовується обсяг змісту висхідних понять «гуманістична культура» і «економічна глобалізація». Сучасні реалії економічної глобалізації ще не достатньо ідентифікуються із змістом філософського інструментарію. Вони потребують формування нової світоглядної парадигми із залученням комплексу методологічних та праксеологічних чинників
Introduction. The article deals with the issue of protecting the state from its own financial security from the negative impact of global financial crises, which are external threats to the development of the national economy. The role of financial component of economic security of the state in ensuring its national interests is established. The management of financial security from the point of view of technological and strategic approaches is considered. Finance is the core of the modern economy, and now financial competition is the center of international economic competition. This makes financial security the basis of national economic security of the country. Periodic financial crises that have occurred in the world since the 1980s point to this. A state whose government is not fully aware of the importance of taking preventive measures against financial risks or ineffective measures to protect against threats may face a financial crisis. The financial crisis, caused by the numerous problems and challenges accumulated in the process of implementing social transformations and market openness in the developing country, often turns into an economic crisis, a social or even political crisis of a national scale. Ineffective financial management at the state level can weaken the national economy or even lead it to a complete collapse. Consequently, it is necessary to pay close attention to the implementation of the process of ensuring financial security at the macro level, both in modern economic conditions and in the strategic perspective.Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to provide proposals for the protection of national financial security from the negative impact of global financial crises. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to fulfill such tasks as: to establish the role of the financial component of the economic security of the state in securing its national interests and to provide proposals on ensuring financial security from the technological and strategic approach.Methods. Method of theoretical analysis, monographic method, method of generalization, abstract-logical method are used.Results. Ensuring the financial security of the state should become national goal and get strategic imperatives for the formation of vectors to achieve its high level in the long run. However, in our opinion, this can not be done in a situation of complete liberalization of relations in the financial market. Therefore, we propose to assess the current state of financial security of the country and to develop innovative approaches to state regulation of financial security of Ukraine.Originality. The question of protecting the state of its own financial security from the negative impact of global financial crises remains relevant, so the government of our country should work hard to minimize the consequences of the financial crisis, try to use financial and regulatory instruments to ensure financial stability and financial security at the micro and macro levels, while deepening financial reforms, the level of efficiency of the functioning of the financial market and promoting innovation in the financial sector and to strength the protection of national financial interests as well as to ensure financial security.Conclusion. As the consequences of global financial crises show, the irrational international economic order in a globalized world and the prevailing unstable economic situation in the world worsen the financial security of developing countries.
The article is aimed at scientific substantiation of problems of economic security in the conditions of globalization of relations. The evolution of the term of economic security and its main elements are considered. The interpretation of the term of economic security by different scholars is analyzed and the actual vision of the term is formulated. The origin of the term "globalization" is explored, since the formation of the system of economic security becomes relevant for domestic enterprises in modern conditions. The real and potential phenomena that threaten the economic security of Ukraine that threaten the functioning and development of the economic, social and political system, as well as the vital needs and interests of man, society and the state are determined. Further research should be aimed at developing measures and mechanisms for ensuring economic security in the face of globalization of relations. ; Стаття спрямована на наукове обґрунтування проблем економічної безпеки за умов глобалізації відносин. Розглянуто еволюцію терміну економічної безпеки та її основні елементи. Проаналізовано трактування терміну економічної безпеки різними науковцями та сформульоване власне бачення терміну. Досліджено походження терміну «глобалізація», оскільки формування системи економічної безпеки стає актуальним для вітчизняних підприємств в сучасних умовах. Визначені реальні та потенційні явища, які є загрозами економічній безпеці України, що загрожують функціонуванню і розвитку економічної, соціальної та політичної системи, а також життєво необхідним потребам та інтересам людини, суспільства і держави. Подальші дослідження повинні бути спрямовані на розробку заходів і механізмів забезпечення економічної безпеки за умов глобалізації відносин.
In the article entrepreneurship education in Ukraine in terms of globalization is considered. New challenges in the system of training of future specialists are driven by socio-cultural dynamics, which are constantly accelerating under the pressure of globalization and the information revolution. In the context of globalization, competition in the field of educational services is increasing. In the context of society's search for an effective educational policy and the need for a transition to flexible high-tech education the latest information and communication technologies should be used. Political scientists define globalization as an objective process of restructuring and qualitative development of the international environment and socio-economic system. New approaches need to solve the existing issues of entrepreneurship development in Ukraine. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of current globalization trends on the training of future entrepreneurs in Ukraine. The task is to significantly raise the role and place of entrepreneurship in the economic process of society. Implementation of the model of professional competence of future entrepreneurs in the process of continuous education system, requires scientific management, adaptation to modern conditions of the economic system of democratization and humanization of secondary school. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study is fundamental and modern provisions of economic theory, scientific development of foreign and Ukrainian scientists and specialists in the field of economics. The method of logical generalization is used to substantiate theoretically the importance of the tasks and clarify the key concepts of the study. The training of future professional in entrepreneurship should correspond to the real needs of the dynamic development of the economy and the modern society. In conclusions the author emphasizes the effectiveness of professional training of future entrepreneurs. It improves due to the introduction to the educational process an informative and communicative component to form highly qualified entrepreneurs capable to work in computer networks; those who have business skills; ability to think independently and analyze market situation.
In the article entrepreneurship education in Ukraine in terms of globalization is considered. New challenges in the system of training of future specialists are driven by socio-cultural dynamics, which are constantly accelerating under the pressure of globalization and the information revolution. In the context of globalization, competition in the field of educational services is increasing. In the context of society's search for an effective educational policy and the need for a transition to flexible high-tech education the latest information and communication technologies should be used. Political scientists define globalization as an objective process of restructuring and qualitative development of the international environment and socio-economic system. New approaches need to solve the existing issues of entrepreneurship development in Ukraine. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of current globalization trends on the training of future entrepreneurs in Ukraine. The task is to significantly raise the role and place of entrepreneurship in the economic process of society. Implementation of the model of professional competence of future entrepreneurs in the process of continuous education system, requires scientific management, adaptation to modern conditions of the economic system of democratization and humanization of secondary school. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study is fundamental and modern provisions of economic theory, scientific development of foreign and Ukrainian scientists and specialists in the field of economics. The method of logical generalization is used to substantiate theoretically the importance of the tasks and clarify the key concepts of the study. The training of future professional in entrepreneurship should correspond to the real needs of the dynamic development of the economy and the modern society. In conclusions the author emphasizes the effectiveness of professional training of future entrepreneurs. It improves due to the introduction to the educational process an informative and communicative component to form highly qualified entrepreneurs capable to work in computer networks; those who have business skills; ability to think independently and analyze market situation.
The subject of the study – determinants of influence on the economic security of the state. The purpose of the article is to identify and systematize the determinants of exogenous constructive and destructive impact on global and national economic security in the face of globalization and geopolitical challenges. Research methodology – methods of analysis and synthesis (in the systematization of determinants of constructive influence on the economic security of the state); method of graphical modeling (when developing a scheme for responding to the emergence of exogenous determinants of the impact on the economic security of the state). Results – the ambiguity of the impact of globalization processes on the political–legal and economic systems of the countries of the world has been confirmed. The decisive influence of globalization threats on the national security of weak economies is substantiated. The expediency of considering globalization processes from the point of view of both constructive and destructive impact on world and national economic security has been proved. The sources of exogenous constructive and destructive influence on world and national economic security in the context of globalization and geopolitical challenges have been identified and systematized. Given the possibility of both positive and negative effects on the economic security of the same events and processes, the feasibility of using the concept of determinants of economic security as a reason that gives rise to a certain phenomenon and has a constructive or destructive effect on the process of ensuring the economic security of the state is substantiated. It is shown that exogenous determinants have a decisive influence on the economic security of the state due to their uncontrollability and unpredictability. A scheme for responding to the emergence of exogenous determinants of influence on the economic security of the state has been developed, which takes into account their ambiguous nature (threat or possibility) and the ...
Absract. Introduction. The transformation of modern global economy into a single integrated system, the emergence of new factors of production, special forms of transnationalization, the emersion of new subjects of international economic relations with new functions at the world arena, as well as the character change of international reproducing process stipulate the necessity of searching for the factors and conditions which promote entering and efficient functioning of countries in globalized area are educted. Purpose. The goal of the article is to distinguish objective prerequisites of efficient participation of countries in the processes of globalization on the basis of modern tendency analysis. Methods. World-system approach is in the basis of the investigated problem analysis. To achieve the goal, the following general scientific and special methods are used: theoretical generalization and synthesis (for distinguishing the modern prerequisites of efficient participation of countries in globalization processes); comparative analysis (for determining the special influence of different groups of countries: postindustrial, industrial and agricultural upon international economic processes); empirical analysis (for providing demonstrative effect of informatization, ransnationalization, financial globalization, political and economic institutionalization on the efficiency of countries functioning in the conditions of globalization). Results. The process of extending the objective prerequisites of efficient participation of the world countries in the process of globalization is found to take place due to transnationalization, informatization, political and economic institutionalization and financial globalization. These factors are applied as instruments of influence upon international economic processes only by countries with postindustrial social-economic formation. Originality. The main integrators of the world economy (postindustrial countries) have been found; the system-forming instruments of influence upon the countries with transition structure of economic model have been predicted. Conclusions. The main prerequisites of the efficient participation of the world countries in the globalization processes have been distinguished. It has been substantiated that postindustrial countries get economic benefits from globalization processes, maintain and retain geo-economic hegemony as to the other categories of countries due to transnationalization, informatization, political and economic institutionalization and financial globalization. In the conditions of globalization, countries have proved to take part in the formation and redistribution of world gross domestic product and income only due to the control over communication, energetic and other resources, participation in making decisions by international institutions, leadership in the sphere of innovation and investment, the use of the latest financial instruments, etc.
The article discusses the main ways in which social institutions make a decisive influence on increasing globalization. Social institutes are only result of the implementation of organizational methods and specify the anthropological potency – human, like any other biological creature strives to expand its population. But unlike other species, human is the fastest and most versatile in creation of the means to achieve his goal – globalization is only part of the expansion of human in the universe. Today, in the global political, military, economic interdependence citizens of different countries feel increasingly dependent on global social institutions. Most of these social institutions are not just created for certain global projects, namely, their very activities create a global social space, which is now seen as a given, which seems to exist always. Global social institutions created a new global social space possible largely due to the development of institutions of mass communication. Commodization should be regarded as a substitute for true values simulation. The name comes from the Roman Emperor Commodus (second century BC) who provided populist measures and repressions instead public policy, resulted in lost legitimacy as a personal and undermined the credibility of the institution of imperial power. World empire is first established grounds for a radical loss of touch with reality. With the advent of globalization and the development of tools for virtualization of reality greatly increased the opportunities for substitution of concepts, and risk of commodization has reached planetary dimensions. However, the end of such stories is always the same – the illusion of reality is always broken, and the tyrant loses the mask of "God" and becomes the object of ridicule and contempt. Enhancing of the institutional "construction" affects not only at the macro level, but awakes appropriate adjustment of the institutes at the mid-level and micro level. If the average level we find the vast majority of traditional social institutions that are rather modified, not replaced in the process of globalization (as an institution of the state or education), at the micro level, where traditionally find the institution of the family, we can expect significant innovations. In many cases the impact of globalization on institutional building capacity at the micro level is more ambivalent. The economy is under the impact of globalization and thebankruptcy of traditional producers under the influence of competition, which has grown rapidly, so we can see the emergence of new mobile economic structures that combine economic stakeholders around a small, local economic projects. Where there is no time to adapt to large and unwieldy corporation, a temporary cluster, which occurs based on the constellations of economic interests of different spheres of public life, more accurately and quickly satisfy consumer needs. Moreover, the formation of clusters is often using the resources of the largest companies or other bulky social institutions. Creation of clusters becomes increasingly networked nature of social ties. One of the major social and political processes of human development on a global scale is the democratization of public life. Multiculturalism is that idea, which marked a kind of a quiet cultural revolution that started in the developed countries and distributes worldwide standards of cultural loyalty and tolerance to people and communities other than our values. Globalization is increasingly the result of the consistent execution by humanity own itself created social programs, each of which is fairly selfsufficient, has its own reasons, its own rhythm and time of execution,their own goals and means to achieve them. The key to rational understanding of globalization is in its institutional studies.Key words: globalization, social institutions, virtualization,commodization, multiculturalism, social programs, institutional studies. ; У статті розглядаються основні напрями, за якими соціальні інститути здійснюють вирішальний вплив на посилення глобалізації. Соціальні інститути лише втілюють у організаційний спосіб і конкретизують антропологічні потенції – людина, як і будь-яка інша біологічна істота, прагне максимально розширити свою популяцію. Інша справа, що на відміну від інших біологічних видів, людина найшвидше і найрізноманітніше створює засоби для досягнення своєї мети – глобалізація є лише частиною процесу експансії людини у всесвіті. У переважній більшості ці соціальні інститути не просто створювались під певні глобальні проекти, а саме їхня діяльність і створювала той глобальний соціальний простір, який сьогодні сприймають як певну даність, яка начебто існувала завжди. Активізація інституційного «будівництва» торкається не лише макрорівня, а й відповідної перебудови інститутів середнього рівня та мікрорівня. Мультикультуралізм є тією ідеєю, яка позначила своєрідну тиху культурну революцію. Глобалізація все більшою мірою є результатом послідовного виконання людством ним же створеної сукупності соціальних програм, кожна з яких виглядає доволі самодостатньою, має свої власні підстави, власний час виникнення і ритміку виконання, власні цілі і засоби їхнього досягнення. Ключ до раціонального осмислення глобалізації знаходиться у інституційному її дослідженні.Ключові слова: глобалізація, соціальні інститути, віртуалізація, комодизація, мультикультуралізм, соціальні програми. В статье рассматриваются основные направления, по которым социальные институты оказывают решающее влияние на усиление глобализации. Социальные институты только воплощают организационным образом и конкретизируют антропологические потенции – человек, как и любое другое биологическое существо, стремится максимально расширить свою популяцию. Другое дело, что в отличие от других биологических видов, человек намного более быстро и разнообразно создает средства для достижения своей цели – глобализация является лишь частью процесса экспансии человека во вселенной. В подавляющем большинстве эти социальные институты не просто создавались под определенные глобальные проекты, а именно их деятельность и создавала то глобальное социальное пространство, которое сегодня воспринимают как некую данность, которая якобы существовала всегда. Активизация институционального «строительства» касается не только макроуровня, но и соответствующей перестройки институтов среднего уровня и микроуровня. Мультикультурализм является той идеей, которая обозначила своеобразную тихую культурную революцию. Глобализация все в большей степени является результатом последовательного выполнения челове- чеством им же созданной совокупности социальных программ, каждая из которых выглядит довольно самодостаточной, имеет свои собственные основания, собственное время возникновения и ритмику выполнения, собственные цели и средства их достижения. Ключ к рациональному осмыслению глобализации находится в институциональном ее исследовании.Ключевые слова: глобализация, социальные институты,виртуализация, коммодизация, мультикультурализм, социальныепрограммы. The article discusses the main ways in which social institutions make a decisive influence on increasing globalization. Social institutes are only result of the implementation of organizational methods and specify the anthropological potency – human, like any other biological creature strives to expand its population. But unlike other species, human is the fastest and most versatile in creation of the means to achieve his goal – globalization is only part of the expansion of human in the universe. Today, in the global political, military, economic interdependence citizens of different countries feel increasingly dependent on global social institutions. Most of these social institutions are not just created for certain global projects, namely, their very activities create a global social space, which is now seen as a given, which seems to exist always. Global social institutions created a new global social space possible largely due to the development of institutions of mass communication. Commodization should be regarded as a substitute for true values simulation. The name comes from the Roman Emperor Commodus (second century BC) who provided populist measures and repressions instead public policy, resulted in lost legitimacy as a personal and undermined the credibility of the institution of imperial power. World empire is first established grounds for a radical loss of touch with reality. With the advent of globalization and the development of tools for virtualization of reality greatly increased the opportunities for substitution of concepts, and risk of commodization has reached planetary dimensions. However, the end of such stories is always the same – the illusion of reality is always broken, and the tyrant loses the mask of "God" and becomes the object of ridicule and contempt. Enhancing of the institutional "construction" affects not only at the macro level, but awakes appropriate adjustment of the institutes at the mid-level and micro level. If the average level we find the vast majority of traditional social institutions that are rather modified, not replaced in the process of globalization (as an institution of the state or education), at the micro level, where traditionally find the institution of the family, we can expect significant innovations. In many cases the impact of globalization on institutional building capacity at the micro level is more ambivalent. The economy is under the impact of globalization and thebankruptcy of traditional producers under the influence of competition, which has grown rapidly, so we can see the emergence of new mobile economic structures that combine economic stakeholders around a small, local economic projects. Where there is no time to adapt to large and unwieldy corporation, a temporary cluster, which occurs based on the constellations of economic interests of different spheres of public life, more accurately and quickly satisfy consumer needs. Moreover, the formation of clusters is often using the resources of the largest companies or other bulky social institutions. Creation of clusters becomes increasingly networked nature of social ties.One of the major social and political processes of human development on a global scale is the democratization of public life. Multiculturalism is that idea, which marked a kind of a quiet cultural revolution that started in the developed countries and distributes worldwide standards of cultural loyalty and tolerance to people and communities other than our values. Globalization is increasingly the result of the consistent execution by humanity own itself created social programs, each of which is fairly selfsufficient, has its own reasons, its own rhythm and time of execution,their own goals and means to achieve them. The key to rational understanding of globalization is in its institutional studies.Key words: globalization, social institutions, virtualization,commodization, multiculturalism, social programs, institutional studies.
Current state of the economy and instability of enterprises investment development requires economic growth in conditions of globalization processes. Consequence of economic globalization is the internationalization of industrial relations in high-tech activities on the basis of foreign direct investment and rapid emergence of financial markets. The national economy has vast investment opportunities; but macroeconomic instability and lack of legal safeguards for the protection of the invested funds are necessary to implement an effective investment strategy. Thus; in the context of globalization and increasing global competition; an important tool of economic activity is investment. However; there is a problem of shortage of investment resources in this state. The reasons for this can be grouped into two groups. The first group relates to macroeconomic regulation of the economy; in particular; the policy of the national Bank on the formation of credit and discount rate for the loan policy of the government in creating a favorable investment climate; enterprise development and maintenance of effective judicial system. The second group of reasons relates to the level of enterprises. Among them; notably; investment tools; through which the company attracts investments and manages them. Such instruments primarily include Bank lending and management. ; Сучасний стан економіки держави та нестабільність інвестиційного розвитку підприємств вимагає забезпечення економічного зростання в умовах проходження процесів глобалізації. Наслідком процесу економічної глобалізації є інтернаціоналізація виробничих зв'язків у високотехнологічних видах діяльності на основі прямих іноземних інвестицій та стрімке формування фінансових ринків. Національна економіка має широкі інвестиційні можливості; але через макроекономічну нестабільність та недостатність правових гарантій захисту інвестованих коштів необхідна реалізація ефективної стратегії інвестування. Таким чином; в умовах глобалізації та підвищення глобальної конкуренції важливим інструментом господарської діяльності є інвестування. Однак; у державі існує проблема дефіциту інвестиційних ресурсів. Причини такого стану речей можна об'єднати в дві групи. Перша група стосується макроекономічного регулювання економіки; зокрема; політики національного банку щодо формування кредитних ресурсів та облікової ставки за кредит; політики уряду держави щодо створення сприятливого інвестиційного клімату (розвитку підприємництва та забезпечення функціонування ефективної судової системи). Друга група причин стосується рівня підприємств. Серед них особливо слід виділити інструменти інвестиційної діяльності; через які підприємство залучає інвестиції та керує ними. До таких інструментів в першу чергу відносять банківське кредитування і менеджмент.
Globalization has a dual effect on the world financial system, contributing to its development and simultaneous occurrence of potential threats to financial security of states. Despite their rapid escalation to the real ones, most countries in the world do not perceive these threats as serious. Enhancement of the latter necessitates studying the problems of providing for the budget safety under conditions of world globalization, redefining directions when forming effective budgetary system in terms of secure development, strengthening the fiscal security of state. It is necessary to explore in detail the drivers that influence the level of budget safety and its interrelations with other components of economic security. The aim of present work is to examine relationships of budget safety taking into account effect of the process of financial globalization and to assess its level by the principles of retrospective analysis. We proposed our own interpretation of the concept of budget safety as the level of capability of a budgetary system to ensure solvency and financial stability of the state, effective use of budget funds taking into account strategic development priorities of budgetary relations and potential capability to resist and predict the threats of internal and external origin. Results of analysis of economic security indicate the highest rate of decline in financial security in 2015 by 14.1 percentage points to the level of 36.7 % among all the components of economic security. It was established that this situation is due to a decrease in revenues from basic budget-forming taxes with strengthening fiscal pressure on the economy, a sharp devaluation of the national currency, a significant growth of the state and the state-guaranteed debt with increased risk of default, illiquidity and insolvency of financial institutions, shrinking resource base of banks, problems with their capitalization. This determined critical and close to critical state of almost all the components of financial security. We analyzed current status of indicators in budget security. The correlation links are assessed between the integral level of budget safety and other components of economic security. The factors and interrelations of impact on the level of budget safety were defined. Direct dependence and the largest impact on the poor level of fiscal security were caused by absolutely dangerous levels of currency and debt security. We substantiated the need to improve a methodological approach to determining the level of safety with regard to the globalization processes and drivers of exogenous and endogenous origin, which reflect the share of the shadow economy, debt and fiscal burden on the budget, inflation processes and other indicators, key to providing revenues to the budget. The scientific novelty of present research is in the following: based on the results of analytical assessment of interrelations in budget security, we defined methods, means and tools for state regulation over risks and threats, we performed a strategic monitoring, prediction and implementation of measures of preventive nature to ensure economic security. A practical significance of the results obtained is the verification of provisions to improve scientific and methodological principles for the assessment of level of budget security of the state taking into account the budget safety interrelations with other components of economic security. Results have practical value to the bodies of state administration when compiling strategic and program documents to ensure the economic security of the state.
Introduction. Modern world development is being influenced by global processes, which reflect the specifics and directions of its functioning. First and foremost, it is a matter of interconnecting the interests of the world community to achieve common goals of economic, political, environmental, social, and cultural development. The discrepancy between the system of economic activity and the ecological capabilities of the world requires justification of such implementation directions on a global scale, which would take into account the need to ensure the rational development of the ecological component of this process.The current crisis is the result of modern industrial civilization, which, unfortunately, does not guarantee humanity a decent eco-future and the prospect of self-preservation of the ecosystem and reproduction of resources, taking into account the needs of future generations in a planetary dimension.Purpose. This research was conducted to investigate and identify the relationship between 'greening' and economic development. The article traces the dependence of the Gini index on the Environmental Performance Index. It is proved that the natural environment not only influences, but is crucial for social life.Methods. Research methods that examine and investigate the problem of environmentalism and economic development are an analysis of their relationship; comparison to describe the Gini coefficient and income inequality; statistical for the calculation of the interdependence between EPI and NIGI.Results. The results show that the lower the Environmental Performance Index is, the worse the situation is in the areas such as economic, environmental, social and others. Consequently, globalization has a statistically significant impact on economic growth. High- and middle-income countries benefit from globalization, while low-income countries do not.Discussion. In fact, countries must receive an adequate level of income to benefit from globalization and ecologization. Globalization processes are making adjustments to global economic growth and, accordingly, to global economic development. Not only does globalization directly contribute to economic growth, but it also indirectly does so through various additional reforms.
Глобалізація світової економіки, вплинула і на розвиток туристичного сектору. Сучасний туризм відкриває особливості масового туристичного продукту разом із його стандартизацією та серійним виробництвом, спеціалізацією та різноманітністю його пропозицій, а також із сучасним продажем та рекламою, часто віртуальною. Розвиток світової економіки туризму є результатом задоволення людських потреб, починаючи з потреби на відпочинок та дозвілля, відновлення фізичних сил, споживацьких потреб і закінчуючи розумовими потребами: новий досвід, сприйняття та пізнання. Було визначено поняття глобалізації, що це є сукупність процесів інтенсифікації економічних, політичних, соціокультурних відносин, що розгортаються поверх державних кордонів. Систематизовано статистичну інформацію, яка є невід'ємним доказом розвитку глобалізації в міжнародному туризмі. Виявлено проблеми, які існують на сучасному етапі розвитку міжнародного туризму та процесів глобалізації. Систематизовано основні риси процесу глобалізації бізнесу. Визначено значення процесу глобалізації для розвитку міжнародного туризму. Розглянуто процес утворення глобальних туристських об'єднань. Подано поняття турпродукту та місце ТНК в міжнародному туризмі. Турпродукт, як відомо, представляє комплекс послуг, що надаються туристу, і часто споживається за кордоном. Глобалізацію в туризмі можна визначити як процес різкого посилення туристичних потоків, а також потоків послуг, капіталу, інформації та технологій, як правило, не потрапляють під регулювання національних урядів. Глобалізація має довготривалий характер, а її рушійною силою є, перш за все, революція у сфері інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, лібералізація ринків і загострення міжнародної конкуренції. ; The globalization of the global economy also influenced the development of the tourism sector. Modern tourism opens the peculiarities of the mass tourist product along with its standardization and serial production, the specialization and variety of its offers, as well as with modern sales and advertising, often virtual. The development of the world economy of tourism is the result of satisfaction of human needs, from the need for rest and leisure, the restoration of physical strength, consumer needs and ending with mental needs: new experience, perception and knowledge. The concept of globalization was defined, this combination of processes of intensification of economic, political, socio-cultural relations, unfolding floor of state borders. Statistical information is systematized, which is an inalienable proof of the development of globalization in international tourism. The problems that exist at the present stage of the development of international tourism and the processes of globalization are revealed. The main features of the process of globalization of business are systematized. The importance of the globalization process for the development of international tourism has been determined. The process of formation of global tourist associations is considered. The concept of tourist products and the place of TNCs in international tourism is presented. Tourist products are known to represent a complex of services to tourists, and are often consumed abroad. Globalization in tourism can be defined as a process of sharpening the flow of tourism flows, as well as flows of services, capital, information and technology, as a rule, do not fall under the control of national governments. Globalization has a long-term character, and its driving force is, first of all, the revolution in the field of information and communica tion technologies, market liberalization and the exacerbation of international competition.
Globalization has a dual effect on the world financial system, contributing to its development and simultaneous occurrence of potential threats to financial security of states. Despite their rapid escalation to the real ones, most countries in the world do not perceive these threats as serious. Enhancement of the latter necessitates studying the problems of providing for the budget safety under conditions of world globalization, redefining directions when forming effective budgetary system in terms of secure development, strengthening the fiscal security of state. It is necessary to explore in detail the drivers that influence the level of budget safety and its interrelations with other components of economic security. The aim of present work is to examine relationships of budget safety taking into account effect of the process of financial globalization and to assess its level by the principles of retrospective analysis. We proposed our own interpretation of the concept of budget safety as the level of capability of a budgetary system to ensure solvency and financial stability of the state, effective use of budget funds taking into account strategic development priorities of budgetary relations and potential capability to resist and predict the threats of internal and external origin. Results of analysis of economic security indicate the highest rate of decline in financial security in 2015 by 14.1 percentage points to the level of 36.7 % among all the components of economic security. It was established that this situation is due to a decrease in revenues from basic budget-forming taxes with strengthening fiscal pressure on the economy, a sharp devaluation of the national currency, a significant growth of the state and the state-guaranteed debt with increased risk of default, illiquidity and insolvency of financial institutions, shrinking resource base of banks, problems with their capitalization. This determined critical and close to critical state of almost all the components of financial security. We ...
The article deals with the theory of neo-colonialism and related theories, on the basis of which the reasons of impossibility of the European Union classification in the category of neo-colonialist formation are revealed; the category «neo-colonialist unit» is proposed, its definition is given; points to the role of neo-colonialism in establishing globalization as a doctrine of world development; It is substantiated that neo-colonialist units act as a factor of unification and a mechanism of joint uniform economic development within the modern globalized environment. ; У статті розглянуто теорію неоколоніалізму та суміжні теорії, на основі яких виявлені причини неможливості віднесення Європейського Союзу до категорії неоколоніалістичного утворення; запропоновано категорію «неоколоніалістична одиниця», наведено її визначення; вказано на роль неоколоніалізму у встановленні глобалізації як доктрини світового розвитку; обґрунтовано що неоколоніалістичні одиниці виступають фактором уніфікації та механізмом спільного рівномірного економічного розвитку в межах сучасного глобалізованого середовища.
