Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Measurement and Analysis of Poverty in Rwanda -- Chapter 3: Measurement and Analysis of Multidimensional Well-being in Russia -- Chapter 4: Vulnerability to Poverty in Ethiopia -- Chapter 5: Persistence of Social Exclusion in Tanzania -- Chapter 6: On Women's Empowerment and Children's Health: The Case of Ghana -- Chapter 7: Women's Access to Microfinance Services in Southern Ethiopia: Assessing the Promises, Impacts, hallenges and Gaps -- Chapter 8: Poverty and Food Security Effect of Climate Variability on Smallholders: The Case of Western Hararghe Zone Ethiopia -- Chapter 9: Analysis of Factors Affecting Persistent and Transient Inefficiency of Ethiopia's Smallholder Cereal Farming -- Chapter 10: Determinants of Income Mobility in Uganda

Raising of problem. The most important economic fact of our time is that we are living in an era of growing income inequality. Globalization and technological boom only increase the income gap of different segments of the population. The main reason of economic inequalities in many countries of the world is the strong links between government officials and business structures. The new type of economic system which is called crony capitalism undermines the centuries–old tenets of a free market economy. So there is a rising actuality of systematization of all negative effects of this type of economic system in the world.Purpose. On the basis of carried-out research, it will determine the features and economic consequences of crony capitalism system in the different countries of the world.Conclusion. The analysis suggests that crony capitalism generates significant economic rents, which result in a misallocation of resources and lower incentives for wealth creation. In addition, the corruption constitutes a considerable impediment to growth and development. The most damaging aspect of crony capitalism is its tendency to discourage equitable distribution of resources and income adjustment at a time when such traits are central to economic success. Crony capitalism promotes monopolization of economy, the growth of social injustice and inequality, creating obstacles for development of entrepreneurship, degradation of healthy competition and provokes corruption. Authors regard a fundamental solution of this problem in rising of effective anticorruption practices of the world countries that will have a multivectorial influence in the scale of international business. ; Постановка проблемы. Наиболее важным экономическим фактом нашего времени является то, что мы живем в эпоху растущего неравенства доходов. Глобализация и технологический бум только увеличивают разрыв в доходах разных слоев населения. Основной причиной экономического неравенства во многих странах мира является существование тесных связей между правительственными чиновниками и бизнес-структурами. Новый тип экономической системы – клановый капитализм, подрывает многовековые принципы свободной рыночной экономики. Это обусловливает актуальность систематизации всех негативных последствий этого типа экономической системы в мире.Цель. На основании проведенных исследований определить особенности и экономические последствия кланового капитализма в разных странах мира.Вывод. Результаты анализа свидетельствуют о том, что клановый капитализм порождает значительную экономическую ренту, что приводит к нерациональному распределению ресурсов и к меньшим стимулам создания богатства. Кроме того, коррупция является серьезным препятствием для роста и развития. Наиболее разрушительным аспектом кланового капитализма является тенденция препятствовать справедливому распределению ресурсов и регулированию доходов в то время, когда такие черты экономики являются главными для экономического успеха. Клановый капитализм способствует монополизации экономики, росту социальной несправедливости и неравенства, создает препятствия для развития предпринимательства, приводит к деградации свободной конкуренции и провоцирует коррупцию. Кардинальным способом решения данной проблемы, по мнению авторов, является использование действенных антикоррупционных практик стран мира, которые будут иметь многовекторное влияние в масштабах международного бизнеса. ; Постановка проблеми. Найбільш важливим економічним фактом нашого часу є те, що ми живемо в епоху зростаючої нерівності доходів. Глобалізація і технологічний бум лише збільшують розрив у доходах різних верств населення. Основною причиною економічної нерівності в багатьох країнах світу є існування тісних зв'язків між урядовими чиновниками та бізнес-структурами. Новий тип економічної системи – клановий капіталізм, підриває багатовікові принципи вільної ринкової економіки. Тому зростає актуальність систематизації всіх негативних наслідків цього типу економічної системи в світі.Мета. На підставі проведених досліджень встановити особливості та економічні наслідки кланового капіталізму в різних країнах світу.Висновок. Результати аналізу свідчать про те, що клановий капіталізм породжує значну економічну ренту, що призводить до нераціонального розподілу ресурсів і до менших стимулів створення багатства. Крім того, корупція є серйозною перешкодою для росту і розвитку. Найбільш руйнівним аспектом кланового капіталізму є перешкоджання справедливому розподілу ресурсів і регулюванню доходів в той час, коли такі риси економіки є головними для економічного успіху. Клановий капіталізм сприяє монополізації економіки, зростанню соціальної несправедливості і нерівності, що створює перешкоди для розвитку підприємництва, деградує вільну конкуренцію і провокує корупцію. Кардинальне вирішення цієї проблеми автори бачать у використанні дійових антикорупційних практик країн світу, які матимуть багатовекторний вплив у масштабі міжнародного бізнесу.

President Jokowi has announced plans to move the country's capital city (IKN) to East Kalimantan Province. This IKN transfer must be carefully planned because there are potential positive impacts as well as risks. The background of moving the IKN is that the burden on DKI Jakarta as the center of government and business center is too high. The transfer of IKN also aims to reduce economic inequality between Java and outside Java. Therefore, this paper will analyze the economic impact along with the risks of moving the IKN that the government must anticipate. In the economic aspect, there is potential for an increase in GDP accompanied by a controlled inflation rate. However, there is a risk of financing originating from the State Budget, BUMN, business entities and the private sector. The government must pay attention to the cooperation scheme with these parties considering the construction of a 'new city' and its infrastructure carries a high risk. In addition, there is potential for more than expected inflation stemming from the increase in land prices. The DPR RI monitors the progress of the IKN transfer plan through the supervisory function mechanism.

For more than a decade, the Chinese government has poured copious resources into rural informatization as a means to increase agricultural productivity and rural economic growth. Such efforts so far have not produced definite results in rural areas, but increasing economic inequality and rising environmental threats have already forced the government to rethink its growth-centered development policy. Indeed, recent government releases clearly state the resolve to departure from the "GDP obsession" of the past. Meanwhile, the past three decades saw the rise of a powerful alternative development approach—the Capability Approach (CA), which focuses on empowering individuals and sees economic growth as one element of well-being. Given that the CA can potentially help devising a more coherent and holistic framework for Information and communications technologies for development (ICT4D), this paper examines the compatibility between the Capability Approach and the top-down socialist approach towards rural informatization in China. Built on two case studies of rural informatization in rural China, the present paper identifies potential obstacles to the adoption of the Capability Approach and discusses policy implications and suggestions.

This paper intends to explore, the incidence of neoliberalism in the changes experienced by the Chilean State during the last decades. Special attention is paid to the incorporation of the Internet and its digital tools in the management of public services, and how a new form of relationship between the state and citizens is configured in the context of the electronic government. At the beginning of the text, the emergence of neoliberalism is characterized as a current of political and economic thought, and then its implementation in Chile is analyzed. Afterwards, the transformations experienced by the state are examined, within the framework of the modernization of public management. Finally, the emergence of new forms of inequality among citizens regarding access to government services available online is addressed. ; Este trabajo se propone explorar las relaciones entre el desarrollo del neoliberalismo y los cambios experimentados el estado en Chile. Especial atención se presta, a la incorporación de Internet y sus herramientas digitales en la gestión de los servicios públicos, y cómo se configura una nueva forma de relación entre el estado y los ciudadanos, en el contexto del gobierno electrónico. Al inicio del texto, se caracteriza el surgimiento del neoliberalismo como corriente de pensamiento político, luego se examina su implementación en Chile. Posteriormente, se analizan las transformaciones experimentadas por el estado, en el marco de la modernización de la gestión pública. Finalmente, se aborda el surgimiento de nuevas formas de desigualdad entre ciudadanos, respecto al acceso a los servicios del estado disponibles en Internet.

This is a power point presentation of the economic implications of the Rohingya Crisis for Bangladesh and the national budget FY2019.

In this paper, we argue that adopting a human-centred approach to human resource management (HRM) will contribute to building sustainable workforces, organizations, communities and societies against a backdrop of a global pandemic and political and economic uncertainty. The economic and social cost of the pandemic will continue to be felt for years to come, and the road to recovery should be human-centred and sustainable, with built-in climate actions as part of the socio-economic rejuvenation programme. We draw on several cross-cutting themes to illustrate how the use of digital technology and how remote working, for example, may impact workers from different socio-economic backgrounds in diverse ways. We call for researchers to engage in in-depth qualitative research to identify new phenomena related to work and HRM in the context of accelerating adoption of digital technology and post-Covid recovery to explore power dynamics and forms of exclusion in the labour market and workplaces. Findings of these studies can contribute to positive policy actions to prevent the exacerbation of existing socio-economic inequality and exclusion. They will also contribute to new ways of conceptualizing HRM models and practices and extending HRM theories.

The rapid spread of COVID-19 interacted with long-unfolding economic trends to set a global tinder box aflame. Over the past thirty years, the world's workforce has increasingly found employment in low-wage, low-productivity jobs in the global services sector. The pandemic lockdowns hit these sorts of activities the hardest. Opportunities to work evaporated, spreading both poverty and hunger around the world. The same rise in global service sector employment shares, which amplified the pandemic lockdown's destructive effects, will now slow the pace of the recovery. The transition to a services-based economy has accelerated, due to what José Antonio Ocampo and Tomasso Faccio call "too much excess capacity and too little certainty about future demand," which have depressed levels of investment and ushered in a period of economic stagnation. COVID-19 will make these tendencies worse. Weak economic recoveries will further entrench an economic order in which employers pay little attention to workers' demands, deepening employment insecurity and economic inequality. The future for labor looks bleak. What that means for the future of working people remains an open question. Their fight for dignity, in the midst of the pandemic and post-pandemic eras, will prove decisive.

According to the development model India has adopted, development is viewed in narrow terms of economic development and, more particularly, GDP growth. This is largely due to our blind imitation of Western philosophy, which is based on materialistic values, and has given birth to current ruling economic ideology of free markets and competition, where earning money and accumulating wealth is considered primary goal of life. In its practical operation, this model creates serious socio-economic problems, such as ecological devastation, economic inequality, culture of consumerism, unemployment and social Darwinism. In India today, most components of social and economic well-being of people, such as education, health, employment and a healthy agricultural and industrial base, are in dismal state, indicating that our existing policy has failed. This calls for a fundamental rethink of our development policy. There is a need to embrace a more human-centric model of development, based on our cultural and civilisational ethos, which is ethico-spiritual and is deeply concerned with the problem of human welfare, social good and well-being of people. There is a need to redefine our development goals as creation of a happy, healthy and prosperous society.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Racialized Citizenship in Superdiverse Europe, it's open access and available here: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/10/6/221 ; Contemporary European societies are increasingly diverse. Migration both within and to Europe has contributed over the past decades to the rise of new religious, racial, ethnic, social, cultural and economic inequality. Such transformations have raised questions about the (multi-level) governance of diversity in Europe, thus determining new challenges for both scholars and policy-makers. Whilst the debate around diversity stemming from migration has become a major topic in urban studies, political science and sociology in Europe, Critical Race Studies and Intersectionality have become central in US approaches to understanding inequality and social injustice. Among the fields where 'managing diversity' has become particularly pressing, methodological issues on how to best approach minorities that suffer from multiple discrimination represent some of the hottest subjects of concern. Stemming from the interest in putting into dialogue the existing American scholarship on CRT and anti-discrimination with the European focus on migrant integration, this paper explores the issue of integration in relation to intersectionality by merging the two frames. In doing so, it provides some observations about the complementarity of a racial justice approach for facing the new diversity-related challenges in European polity. In particular, it illustrates how Critical Race Studies can contribute to the analysis of inequality in Europe while drawing on the integration literature.

The acclaimed authors of Death by a Thousand Cuts argue that Americans care less about inequality than about their own insecurity. Michael Graetz and Ian Shapiro propose realistic policies and strategies to make lives and communities more secure. This is an age of crisis. That much we can agree on. But a crisis of what? And how do we get out of it? Many on the right call for tax cuts and deregulation. Others on the left rage against the top 1 percent and demand wholesale economic change. Voices on both sides line up against globalization: restrict trade to protect jobs. In The Wolf at the Door, two leading political analysts argue that these views are badly mistaken. Michael Graetz and Ian Shapiro focus on what really worries people: not what the rich are making but rather their own insecurity and that of people close to them. Americans are concerned about losing what they have, whether jobs, status, or safe communities. They fear the wolf at the door. The solution is not protectionism or class warfare but a return to the hard work of building coalitions around realistic goals and pursuing them doggedly through the political system. This, Graetz and Shapiro explain, is how earlier reformers achieved meaningful changes, from the abolition of the slave trade to civil rights legislation. The authors make substantial recommendations for increasing jobs, improving wages, protecting families suffering from unemployment, and providing better health insurance and child care, and they guide us through the strategies needed to enact change. These are achievable reforms that would make Americans more secure. The Wolf at the Door is one of those rare books that not only diagnose our problems but also show us how we can address them

AbstractPerspectives on degree of economic openness have been discussed by different paradigms resulting in concluding remarks which differ widely from each other. However, the existing literature has passed over the importance of the relationship between economic openness and income distribution in relation to the bargaining framework and thus its effect on social solidarity. In this paper, the rationale is based on the argument that an increase in the degree of economic openness has a significant impact on the distribution of income through the channels of trade and financial account. The empirical results show that a more open economic environment leads to an unequal distribution of income, both reducing labor's share and increasing income inequality, through the collapse of bargaining power of labor in favor of capital across advanced economies over the 1996–2014 period. However, the results also suggest that the trade channel is a more effective influence on income distribution than the finance channel. Additionally, other globalization measures, including economic, social and political factors, also have negative effects on income distribution by way of reducing the bargaining power of labor, which results in the collapse of social solidarity and cohesion over time.