Suchergebnisse

World economic and social survey 2008 : overcoming economic insecurity / United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. - New York/N.Y. : 2008. - 234 S

This article analyses the large-scale migration from Afghanistan's rural areas to the cities. Political and economic insecurity in the migrants' home regions contributes to this movement. By moving to urban areas, migrants hope to find safe(r) housing, work, health services, education and state or NGO support. This article considers to what extent the migrants - primarily poor rural dwellers - benefit from this relocation to towns, bearing in mind that their move is motivated by conditions in rural areas. Utilizing the concept of 'mobility capital', this work examines specific examples of the migration experience and the extent to which these migrants are able to capitalize on their new living environment.

Survey data from urban China in 2002 show levels of life satisfaction to be low, but not exceptionally so, by international comparison. Many of the determinants of life satisfaction in urban China appear comparable to those for people in other countries. These include, inter alia, unemployment, income, marriage, sex, health and age. Communist Party membership and political participation raise life satisfaction. People appear fairly satisfied with economic growth and low inflation, and this contributes to their overall life satisfaction. There is dissatisfaction over pollution, but this - like job insecurity - does not appear to impact on life satisfaction.

An analysis of sub-Saharan Africa's food production & consumption that uses a nutrition-system model provides a more complex & differentiated picture than generalized pronouncements of the continent's food insecurity based on international statistics. The model emphasizes household-level food security, taking into account household-specific factors in addition to global economic conditions/changes & national agrarian policies. The analysis draws on macrolevel economic data, microstudies of the nutrition risks/deficits & security strategies of rural households in several countries, & a detailed case study of Mali's food situation. It shows how individual coping strategies have interacted with post-1980 agricultural market liberalization to define the conditions of household food security. Coping strategies have included income diversification, agrarian innovation, migration, & consumption changes. Implications for agricultural policy & research are discussed. 2 Figures, 49 References. Adapted from the source document.

Rezension zu: 1) Baron, D., & Hill, P. B. (Hrsg.): Atypische Beschäftigung und ihre sozialen Konsequenzen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS 2018. 2) Bosch, G., Hüttenhoff, F., & Weinkopf, C.: Kontrolle von Mindestlöhnen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS 2019. 3) Hertwig, M., & Wirth, C., unter Mitarbeit von Kirsch, J.: Praktiken der Onsite-Werkvertragsnutzung in Deutschland. Management, Arbeit und Interessenvertretung. Baden-Baden: Nomos 2021. 4) Kalleberg, A. L.: Precarious Lives: Job Insecurity and Well-Being in Rich Democracies. Cambridge-Medford: Polity Press 2018. 5) Kalleberg, A. L.,& Vallas, S. P. (eds.): Precarious work. Research in the Sociology of Work (Volume 31). Bingley, UK: Emerald 2018. 6) Kohlrausch, B., Schildmann, C., & Voss, D. (Hrsg.): Neue Arbeit - neue Ungleichheiten? Folgen der Digitalisierung. Weinheim-Basel: Beltz Juventa 2019. 7) Stuth, S.: Closing in on closure: Occupational closure and termporary employment in Germany. Economic Sociology and Political Economy (Volume 1). Baden-Baden: Nomos 2017.

If we believe popular social critique, we are living in a society determined by anxiety. People are increasingly concerned about social decline, social cohesion, the consequences of climate change, or crime. This volume compiles current research results on people's emotions and critically examines the diagnosis of an "anxiety society": are the economic concerns of the middle class really responsible for the electoral successes of right-wing populist parties? What fears do precariously employed people have and what influences the professional concerns of young people? And, importantly: How do people with a migration background perceive social cohesion in our society?

In discussing the question to what extent the German people conformed to national socialism and the factors determining this, the reports by socialists in exile, which were ignored by historians for a long time, are of exceptional significance. These reports show that nationalism and the heightened sense of economic and political insecurity, brought about by the many crisis of the Weimar Republic, allowed the NSDAP to reach all levels of society. After the trauma of the Great Depression, the higher wages offered by the forced armaments industry gave people the opportunity to lead creative and autonomous private lives once again. The persecution of political opponents and Jews could be viewed as concomitant to domestic stabilisation or simply seen as elimination of competition. The political impact of the Versailles Treaty became especially apparent in the euphoric acceptance of territorial expansion during the thirties and was largely understood as a legitimate revision of the settlement. Nationalism and economic well-being as the priority culminated in the starting of the war in 1939. The propaganda phase of this "justified" war was effective and, indeed, during the victorious years, the economic advantages of conducting a war of conquest and dominance were perceived positively. Largely resigned to this development, the socialists in exile at no time whatsoever expected a mass uprising against the regime and worked on plans for the "new Germany" after the war. (Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte / FUB)

Die Region um den Naivashasee ist das wichtigste Anbaugebiet für Schnittblumen in Kenia. Neben der Schnittblumenindustrie existieren allerdings noch weitere wichtige Wirtschaftszweige in Naivasha wie der Tourismus, die Fischerei und die Energiegewinnung durch Geothermie, die alle um die knapper werdenden Ressourcen wie Wasser, Land und Wildtiere sowie die zukünftige Gestaltung der Region konkurrieren. Überdies hinaus hat die Nationalregierung mit dem Bau eines Industrieparks und eines Trockenhafens in Naivasha eigene Pläne für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Region. Mit Hilfe des von Echi Gabbert entwickelten Ansatzes der globalen Nachbarschaft und Bourdieus Feld- und Kapitaltheorie werden in dieser Arbeit die verschiedenen Akteure und Interessensgruppen beleuchtet und ihre nachbarschaftlichen Beziehungen untereinander sowie ihre verschiedenen Machtpositionen herausgearbeitet. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass in Naivasha Nachbarschaft in erster Linie Konkurrenz sowie Unsicherheit bedeutet und die eigenen Vorstellungen und Interessen nur durch das geschickte Akkumulieren und Einsetzen der verschiedenen Kapitalsorten – ökonomisches, soziales, kulturelles und symbolisches – durchgesetzt werden können. ; The region around Lake Naivasha is the most important cultivation area for cut-flowers in Kenya. However, there are also other important economic sectors in Naivasha, such as tourism, fishing and geothermal energy production. Together with the cut-flower industry they are competing for scarce resources such as water, land and wildlife as well as the future design of the region. Moreover, with the construction of an industry park and a dry port in the region, the national government has its own plans for the economic development of Naivasha. Using the global neighborhood approch of Echi Gabbert and Pierre Bourdieu's field and capital theory, this paper explores the various actors and stakeholders, identifies their neighborly relationships and their different positions of power. It is argued that in Naivasha neighborhood means primarily competition and insecurity and that stakeholders can assert their own interests and visions only through skillful accumulation and deployment of various types of capital, be they economic, social, cultural or symbolic. ; peerReviewed

Societies are finding themselves increasingly more often caught up in tensions between a resurgence of nationalism on the one hand and the emergence of global challenges on the other side. This volume includes a selection of contributions from Bamberger students dealing with nationalism and globalisation. The chapters address various societal challenges (climate change, nationalism, welfare state), several scales (national, European, global) and come from different scientific disciplines (adult education, political science, sociology). As such, the contributions mirror the wide range of topics that are of interest to junior social scientists. The first part of this volume contains three theory-driven investigations dealing with the evolution of welfare states in the context of technical innovations, an educational concept to promote sustainability and a new form of imperialism inherent in global structures. Part two encompasses three empirical studies analysing the influence of religion on concerns about climate change, the role of social, economic and political insecurity for the evaluation of the own nation and factors leading to support for further European integration. The publications series Studentische Schriften zu den Sozialwissenschaften is dedicated to make outstanding student papers available to a broader readership. Moreover, it offers students the opportunity to gain experience with the scientific publication process.

Societies are finding themselves increasingly more often caught up in tensions between a resurgence of nationalism on the one hand and the emergence of global challenges on the other side. This volume includes a selection of contributions from Bamberger students dealing with nationalism and globalisation. The chapters address various societal challenges (climate change, nationalism, welfare state), several scales (national, European, global) and come from different scientific disciplines (adult education, political science, sociology). As such, the contributions mirror the wide range of topics that are of interest to junior social scientists. The first part of this volume contains three theory-driven investigations dealing with the evolution of welfare states in the context of technical innovations, an educational concept to promote sustainability and a new form of imperialism inherent in global structures. Part two encompasses three empirical studies analysing the influence of religion on concerns about climate change, the role of social, economic and political insecurity for the evaluation of the own nation and factors leading to support for further European integration. The publications series Studentische Schriften zu den Sozialwissenschaften is dedicated to make outstanding student papers available to a broader readership. Moreover, it offers students the opportunity to gain experience with the scientific publication process.

This article intends to analyse recent structural patterns, development problems and the reasons for rehabilitation of the urban private economy in the People's Republic of China since 1978. The authors start from the thesis that the so-called "private sector" in China is not comparable with its "out"-differentiated counterpart in Western industrial countries, but is interlaced, in a complex way, with informal, partly illegitimate activities, interpersonal relation-networks ("guanxi") or economic transactions of state/collective factories. The article illustrates the subordinate situation of the individual labourers in terms of their political regulation by (sometimes restrictive) licence procedures, taxes and fees; resource supply problems (material, commodities); precarious financial situation, capital procurement and credit opportunities; self organization; poor chances of social participation; recruitment and their dependence on state organs and local bureaucracy. Although some of the "getihu" (who are not only confined to small pedlars and merchants, but also include larger industrial companies, leased factories.) have now become extremely prosperous, the majority of them have to combine self-exploitation, family resources and informal transactions, to compensate the permanent insecurity which itself derives from the exclusion from the state planning and supply system, the social security system and the ambivalence of state and local cadre politics towards the private economy.

Die skandinavischen Länder kombinieren die weltweit höchsten Staatsquoten und effektiven Steuerbelastungen mit Spitzenwerten bei allen wichtigen Themen von Beschäftigung, Bildung, soliden Staatsfinanzen und ökonomischer Wettbewerbsfähigkeit bis zu Geschlechterdemokratie, Volksgesundheit und Umweltverträglichkeit. Sie bewegen sich damit entlang der Kriterien von ökonomischer, sozialer und ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit auf einem vergleichsweise gut ausbalancierten Entwicklungspfad. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass die erstaunliche Vitalität des skandinavischen Wohlfahrtsstaates nur mit Blick auf sein kulturelles Fundament und die darin angelegten Regulationsmechanismen verstanden werden kann. Die Verbindung von Individualismus, dominant femininer Werteorientierung und geringer Machtdistanz bei gleichzeitig geringer Unsicherheitsvermeidung und einer eher langfristigen Orientierung liefert die Antriebsmomente und Denkraster für ein Gesellschafts spiel , bei dem andere Regeln herrschen als im angelsächsischen Raum oder in Deutschland. Die Regeln des Entweder-Oder, entweder mehr Jobs oder mehr Armut, entweder hohe soziale Absicherung oder hohe Innovationsdynamik finden sich aufgelöst in Komplementärbeziehungen. Sie prägen das Denken, die Werteorientierungen und die Rolle, die einem fest in der Gesellschaft verankerten Wohlfahrtsstaat zugeschrieben werden. ; The Scandinavian countries combine the world highest general government total outlays and tax revenue rates with best ratings in almost all important areas like employment, education, solide public finances, economic competitiveness, gender democracy, public health and environmental compatibility. They comply with the criteria of economic, social and ecological sustainability in a comparatively well balanced way. The article argues that the amazing vitality of the Scandinavian Welfare State can only be understood if one looks at the cultural base with its regulatory mechanisms. The connection between individualism, a female dominant value orientation and low power distance with concurrent low avoidance of insecurity and a long-term orientation provides the driving moment and intellectual capacity for a ?society game? that has other rules than those in the Anglo-Saxon countries or in Germany. The rules of ?either-or?, either more jobs or more poverty, either high social security or high innovative dynamics are dissolved in complementary relationships. They shape the thinking, the value orientation and the role which is attributed to the welfare state which is firmly embodied in the society. Neo-liberal vulgar economy has little chance in this cultural environment.