Suchergebnisse

It is studied information asymmetry in terms of the internationalization of the world economy prevents optimal decision making, creates additional transaction costs for producers, resulting in an unequal position in the market economic actors affect the behavior of firms and leads to a fall in the market. It is defined that asymmetric information is mainly seen on the markets of developing countries: users have no information or full information, or uneven advantage of it, resulting in the displacement of manufacturers of quality products and market failure

The ongoing institutional changes indicate of the growing role of the social economy in the structure of the market economy of European countries. The article analyzes the challenges for the development of the social economy at the present stage, which arise both in the EU countries and in Ukraine. The author summarizes the trends of the social economy development at the present stage and substantiates the priorities for the development of the social economy in Ukraine. Author justifies algorithm of the implementation of the development of the social economy priorities. The directions of stimulating the development of the social economy in Ukraine are highlighted based on the generalization of the practice and experience of the European Union on institutional support for the development of the social economy.

Посібник містить ключові терміни, формули та категорії національної економіки. The guide includes key terms, formulas and categories of the national economy.

Introduction. Ensuring competitiveness in the field of foreign relations priority identified in a number of policy documents of the executive power of Ukraine. The sign of progressive changes in the national economy has become a real operating system of adoption and implementation of appropriate solutions. However, implementation of this priority hampered by several obstacles including to note the procedural burden of foreign trade, insufficient financing of exports, structural problems of foreign cooperation on the background of economic recovery capabilities of Ukraine in terms of foreign aggression. With this in mind ways of increasing competitiveness in the field of foreign relations and establishing mechanisms for expanding competitive on the international market of enterprises are an urgent task. Purpose. The aim of article is the development of state policy of the international competitiveness of domestic enterprises export. Methods. Comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, methods of structural and functional analysis, legal simulation, systematic method. Results. It is established that the competitiveness of domestic exporters shaped by the difficult conditions of macroeconomic and macro-financial imbalances in the national economy and the persistence of a number of destructive factors that significantly reduce the competitiveness of domestic producers. The ways of increasing competitiveness in the field of foreign relations and establishing mechanisms for expanding competitive in the foreign market production are found out. The basic trends certifying reduce the competitiveness of exporters are shown. It is proved that in order to increase the competitiveness of the national economy Ukraine should improve areas of cooperation with the EU which requires achievement oriented parity in economic relations. It is proved that the use of targeted public policies, combined with the financial capacity of international financial institutions and institutional investors will provide significant benefits for Ukrainian exporters. Originality. It is grounded a need of a new identification criteria ensuring export advantages of Ukraine, development of an effective system to protect export and operational prevent aggressive actions against trade partners of Ukraine, formation principles to diversify trade flows. The formation of rapid response to economic aggression and support of pressure on Russia has fully consistent and coordinated with other countries, including the EU. It should be noted that it has not yet created a common platform for Ukraine and the countries that supported sanctions against Russia, the coordination of economic sanctions. Conclusion. Preparation of complex of public decisions in increasing the competitiveness of domestic exporters will get a significant driver of socio-economic development of Ukraine and take advantage of potential international environment to strengthen domestic economic development. Minimizing medium risk of trade with Russia, trade imbalances and inadequate internal production and technological capabilities process depends largely of the potential of increasing the competitiveness of exporters. The use of targeted public policies, combined with the financial capacity of international financial institutions and institutional investors will provide significant benefits for Ukrainian exporters.

The subject of the study is increasing of energy efficiency in the Ukrainian economy and the specific features of domestic energy policy. The purpose of the study is proposed measures for increasing the efficiency of Ukraine's energy policy and improving the mechanism of economic cooperation in the energy sector of Ukraine and the EU. Research methods. The work uses the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, the method of analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, the method of data generalization. Results of work. The paper defines the problems of energy efficiency and energy saving in the Ukrainian energy sector. The instruments of regulatory, financial–economic, technical and infrastructural nature that must be implemented in Ukraine are proposed. Measures for reducing the energy dependence of Ukraine and the EU from external sources have been developed. Conclusions. The results of the study generalized in the following conclusions: problems of energy efficiency and energy saving in the Ukrainian energy sector were identified; ways of solving problems based on the use of a wide range of instruments of regulatory, techno–technological, financial– economic and infrastructural nature are offered.

Subject of study is the peculiarities of economic relations that develop between the subjects of the international economy in the conditions of the global crisis. The purpose of the article is to update: the process of globalization of the economic sphere in the context of large–scale liberalization of legislative regulation of relations in most countries; aimed at facilitating financial flows and guaranteeing the national regime to foreign capital. Methodology of work – the position of theories of international economics and finance, the concept of sustainable development. On the basis of the system analysis the factors of intrafirm turnover of TNCs influencing character of economic processes in Ukraine are defined. Using the methods of statistical and expert analysis, the prospects for the development of environmentally friendly hydrogen energy in the world are determined. The methods of structuring and synthesis revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the potential for the development of the hydrogen economy in Ukraine. Results of the work –.Conceptualized environmentally friendly hydrogen energy (BE) in: 1. In terms of «hydrogen economy», which includes: 1) production of hydrogen from water using non–renewable energy sources (hydrocarbons, nuclear energy); 2) production of hydrogen using renewable energy sources (biomass); 3) reliable transportation and storage of hydrogen; 4) the use of hydrogen in industry, transport (land, air); 2. Contexts of theoretical discourse: K. Polanyi (Polanyi Karl), Sallins Marshall (Sahlins Marshall) on the violation of the relationship between the concepts of «reciprocity» and «redistribution»; the paradoxes of William Stanley Jevons and Allais Maurice; concepts of G. Tullock, R. Tollison, J. Buchanan, G. Olson on rent and information asymmetry; 3. Within asphacefatronics as a scientific field of security, which is based on energy information processes in biosphere, social, large technical systems 4. Analysis of the state and composition of: mineral resources (SME); mineral ...

Introduction. It is investigated the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of an inclusive model of development of the agrarian economy, which is carried out on an innovative basis. It was also revealed role of institutes in these processes . The need to move to a more balanced institutional model of development was substantiated, as an capable of eliminating existing contradictions and ensuring the best access to resources, their fair distribution among all subjects of the agrarian socio-economic process.The purpose of the article. On the basis of modern domestic and foreign concepts to theoretically substantiate and propose an inclusive institutional model of innovative socio-economic development of the agricultural economy.Results. There is formulated a conceptual and categorical apparatus of research of inclusive institutional development of agrarian economy . There are shown differences between the concepts of "inclusion", "inclusive growth", "inclusive development", "inclusive local development" . According to the analysis, the socio-economic efficiency of the agrarian economy depends on the institutional rules under which it operates. It is substantiated that institutions should be inclusive, in other words, stimulate agribusiness, local people, self-government bodies to economic resources and to use them economically. It is proved that the effectiveness of inclusive development of agrarian rural sphere can only be achieved if there is a constructive consensus between the state, large agricultural producers, small businesses, local territorial communities, educational and research institutions and consumers.Originality. There were analyzed relationships between the main subjects of inclusive agrarian entrepreneurship . Their mechanism is revealed as a complex of synergistically related institutions: political, legal, financial-economic, organizational-managerial, socio-cultural, which are depicted through an institutional model. It is emphasized that the basic institute of the political system and the determinative factor for the development of inclusive innovative agrarian entrepreneurship is the institute of the state. There was evaluated the level of regulatory support for the inclusive development of the agricultural sector . Attention is paid to the fact that land and land relations legislation is incomplete and controversial.Conclusion. It is noted that the institute of local self-government is under-researched and hardly tested in practice. In this connection, a number of issues that require theoretical and practical justification and resolution are highlighted, primarily the study of inclusive entrepreneurship carried out within local territorial communities. Understanding decentralization processes has made it possible to consider inclusive entrepreneurship as a public-private partnership process involving all businesses, local governments, consumers and the state.The crucial importance of improving the governance of the united territorial communities is substantiated. Issues that hinder the inclusive development of agribusiness and rural areas are highlighted: the mentality of the population, the inertia of thinking, caution, excessive reinsurance in thoughts and actions, not a tendency to organize self-sufficient forms of life support.

В статті розглядаються проблеми тінізації економіки України, які частіше за все пов'язані з недосконалою податковою системою. В роботі проаналізовані основні способи та стадії процесу відмивання "брудних грошей", також проведено аналіз основних напрямів боротьби з тіньовою економічною діяльністю. Відображено головні методи оцінки рівня тінізації економіки та методи, якими користується Міністерство економічного розвитку і торгівлі України для складання статистичної інформації щодо рівня тінізації економіки. Розглядаються напрями та шляхи подальшої детінізації української економіки. Проведений статистичний аналіз дозволив виявити рівень тінізації економіки держави та відобразити набір дій та рішень Державної аудитної служби України для детінізації економічних структур. Основні дії Державної аудитної служби спрямовані на застосування перевірок та накладання штрафів на порушників. Відображені статистичні данні, щодо відмивання грошей у різних країнах світу та зроблений порівняльний аналіз цих даних. Під час роботи над заходами щодо запобіганню досліджуваного явища основна увага приділяється законодавчий базі. Виявлено, що найбільш дієвим є Закон України "Про запобігання та протидію легалізації (відмиванню) доходів, одержаних злочинним шляхом". Також запропоновані заходи щодо запобігання вивезення із країни "брудних грошей" на законодавчому та політичному рівнях. Відображені реальні дії держави у боротьбі з корупцією. Проведений аналіз масштабів та тенденцій відмивання "брудних грошей", який свідчить про відсутність кордонів та законодавчих меж щодо протидії цьому явищу. Запропоновані певні кроки для стримування цього явища. До основних з них належать: обмеження, що накладаються на антикорупційні органи влади, проведення судової реформи, впровадження електронних інформаційних систем та позбавлення деяких гілок влади можливості втручання в економічну діяльність держави. ; The article deals with the problems of shadowing of the Ukrainian economy, which are most often related to the imperfect tax system. The paper analyzes the main methods and stages of the money laundering process, as well as analyzes the main areas of the fight against shadow economic activity. The main methods of assessing the level of shadow economy and the methods used by the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine for compiling statistical information on the level of shadow economy are shown. The directions and ways of further shadowing of the Ukrainian economy are considered. The conducted statistical analysis allowed to reveal the level of shadowing of the state's economy and reflect the set of actions and decisions of the State Audit Office of Ukraine for the shadowing of economic structures. The main actions of the State Audit Service are aimed at applying inspections and imposing fines on violators. The statistics on money laundering in different countries of the world are shown and a comparative analysis of these data is made. While working on measures to prevent the phenomenon under investigation, the focus is on the legislative framework. It was found that the most effective is the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention and Counteraction to Legalization (Laundering) of the Proceeds from Crime". Also, measures are proposed to prevent the export of "dirty money" from the country at the legislative and political levels. The real actions of the state in the fight against corruption are shown. An analysis of the scale and trends of "dirty money" laundering, which shows the a bsence of borders and legal limits to counteract this phenomenon. Some steps are proposed to restrain this phenomenon. The main ones include: restrictions imposed on anti-corruption authorities, judicial reform, the introduction of electronic information systems and the deprivation of some branches of power in the possibility of interference in the economic activity of the state.

Relevance of the research topic. The digitalization of the economy is already taking place in all countries of the world. The main factors of production are digital data. Their use makes it possible to improve the efficiency of individual companies of the state and its economy as a whole. But at the present stage there is a significant digital gap between different countries due to ability to use new information technologies. The experience of the world's leading countries, which have made the development of the digital economy a priority, proves that in order to increase the competitiveness of the national economy, it is necessary to implement digital technologies in the country. Formulation of the problem. Today, digitalization helps countries that are actively trying to take advantage of it to be competitive. However, digitalization processes are being implemented very slowly in Ukraine. This prevents our state from gaining advantages and competing with leading countries. Therefore, the issue of ensuring a high level of competitiveness of the national economy in the digital age remains relevant. The purpose of the study. The aim of the article is to determine the factors of digitalization that have the greatest impact on the competitiveness of the national economy. Results. The article simulates the impact of digitalization of the economy on the competitiveness of national economy. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in determining the government's priority areas for financing the economy. Conclusions. The analysis of the impact of digitalization on the competitiveness of the national economy showed that Ukraine lags far behind other countries because of the slow implementation of digital technologies. It was determined which factors of digitalization have the greatest impact on the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy.