Suchergebnisse

In many societies, immigration is a conflictual topic, leading to heated exchanges between proponents and opponents of immigration. Such debates on immigration might benefit from the engagement of the discussants in empathy and perspective taking. Although empathy and perspective-taking exercises can be beneficial in some contexts, previous research shows marked differences in people with a rightist versus a leftist political orientation when it comes to their motivation to engage in empathy. The degree to which this applies to perspective taking and to the context of debates on immigration has not yet been tested. The current study, conducted in Switzerland, tested how proponents or opponents of immigration react to instructions for empathy and perspective taking in debates on immigration. The results reveal that, compared with participants in the control condition who had no instructions, proponents of immigration who received instructions were more motivated or willing to engage in empathy and perspective taking. Furthermore, proponents of immigration showed decreases in their positive and negative emotions under the perspective-taking instructions. Conversely, for opponents of immigration, perspective-taking instructions increased their perception of other's competitiveness compared with participants in the control condition. Taken together, these results underline the importance of taking an individual's views on immigration into account when implementing interventions for conflict resolution in immigration-related issues.

But de l'étude : Cet article a pour objectif de discuter des conduites de harcèlement et cyber-harcèlement à l'adolescence. Les enjeux cliniques et méthodologiques autour de ces phénomènes seront présentés, avec la volonté de nuancer la compréhension de certains résultats de recherche et réflexes de terrain. Nous proposerons ensuite de définir et circonscrire ces conduites, notamment les interrelations et spécificités de chacune. Dans un troisième temps, nous nous centrerons sur le concept d'empathie et son rôle dans les conduites de harcèlement et cyber-harcèlement concernant l'auteur. Enfin, et en tenant compte des interrelations et distinctions entre harcèlement et cyber-harcèlement et de la place centrale de l'empathie, seront discutées des possibilités d'actions à mener de nature cognitivo-comportementale en vue de prendre en charge ces phénomènes à différents niveaux (micro, méso et macro), ce tant chez l'auteur que chez la victime ou encore plus largement en incluant le groupe de pairs et l'établissement scolaire. ; Background and objective: the aim of this study is to examined bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents. Clinical and methodological issues are discussed with the view to nuance some scientific results and common reactions linked to these behaviors. Then, definitions and delimitations of these behaviors are discussed, notably the interrelations and specificities between them. In a next step, the concept of empathy and his implication into bullying and cyberbullying are questioned regarding bullies; Conclusion and implications: some specific and multi-level cognitive-behavioral actions are described to intervene with bullies, victims the peer group and the school environment. ; Peer reviewed

The spatial visuality of comics has received substantial attention from comics' scholars and, more recently, from cultural and political geographers. These have shown how reading comics is an embodied, codified, learnt and culturally-situated activity. Viewer involvement takes place through the distinctive devices, vocabulary and grammar of comics: parts are observed while the whole is sensed and constructed. In this experimental academic comic, I explore how this active involvement might help orient critical geographical practices. Comics' specific visuality makes readers labour to produce meaning, translating the spatiality of two-dimensional sequential images into four-dimensional narrative, what Dittmer has called 'a map of time' (2010). Methodologically, I use détournement (Debord 1956) to build a visual argument that combines a text-based scholarly literature review with a limited corpus of pre-existing images taken from two recent popular Italian comics to tell a story. Reading between images, texts and gutters makes concrete the paradoxical materiality of words and discursivity of images, while building upon a purposefully limited visual corpus. This dialogue of images and words results in a call for an empathic geography, connecting bodies and experiences visually, suitable for representing a fragmented world built upon making sense of a diversity of viewpoints.

International audience ; Within her enterprise of moral revaluation of emotions, Martha Nussbaum acknowledges her debt towards Rousseau. However, this essay intends to show that the American philosopher underestimates certain aspects of what Rousseau's philosophy can bring to the reflection on thejust formation of empathic feelings. Not only does Rousseau allow a better understanding of the criteria used to define compassion than what Nussbaum gives him credit for, but by making that feeling a goad for social critique, he also offers a reflection on its moral and political boundaries ; Au sein de son entreprise de revalorisation morale des émotions, Martha Nussbaum reconnaît sa dette à l'égard de Rousseau. Cette contribution entend cependant montrer que la philosophe américaine minore certains apports de la philosophie rousseauiste à une réflexion sur la juste formation des sentiments empathiques. Non seulement Rousseau permet de mieux cerner les critères de définition de la compassion que Nussbaum ne l'accorde, mais en faisant de ce sentiment un aiguillon de la critique sociale, il offre aussi une réflexion sur les bornes morales et politiques de ce dernier.

International audience ; Within her enterprise of moral revaluation of emotions, Martha Nussbaum acknowledges her debt towards Rousseau. However, this essay intends to show that the American philosopher underestimates certain aspects of what Rousseau's philosophy can bring to the reflection on thejust formation of empathic feelings. Not only does Rousseau allow a better understanding of the criteria used to define compassion than what Nussbaum gives him credit for, but by making that feeling a goad for social critique, he also offers a reflection on its moral and political boundaries ; Au sein de son entreprise de revalorisation morale des émotions, Martha Nussbaum reconnaît sa dette à l'égard de Rousseau. Cette contribution entend cependant montrer que la philosophe américaine minore certains apports de la philosophie rousseauiste à une réflexion sur la juste formation des sentiments empathiques. Non seulement Rousseau permet de mieux cerner les critères de définition de la compassion que Nussbaum ne l'accorde, mais en faisant de ce sentiment un aiguillon de la critique sociale, il offre aussi une réflexion sur les bornes morales et politiques de ce dernier.

For several years, the cyberbullying phenomenon has expanded and societies have looked for stopping this growth. However, despite a notable involvement of the government, the prevention of this phenomenon remains weak. The subject of this work is to question the relevancy of a prevention sequence in a CM1 classroom (3rd cycle) in relation to the pupil's age and then to the content of such a sequence. This master thesis is based on the work of C.P. Barlett, American researcher who highlighted the psychological mechanisms involved in the action of cyberbullying, what allowed me to target the objectives of my prevention sequence, and the work of S. Tisseron, doctor and psychiatrist who particularly worked on empathy, ability involved in cyberbullying. My work's results show that the pupil's maturity is adequate to start the prevention at this time but some of the sequence objectives would need to be worked on earlier in the scholarship or to be pursued afterwards. ; Depuis plusieurs années, le phénomène de cyberharcèlement s'étend et les sociétés cherchent à stopper cette croissance. Cependant, malgré une implication notable du gouvernement, la prévention du phénomène reste sommaire. L'objet de ce travail est de questionner la pertinence d'une séquence de prévention dans une classe de CM1 (cycle 3) par rapport à l'âge des élèves puis par rapport au contenu d'une telle séquence. Ce mémoire se base sur le travail de C.P. Barlett, chercheur américain qui a mis en évidence les mécanismes psychologiques en jeu dans l'acte du cyberharcèlement ce qui m'a permis de cibler les objectifs de ma séquence de prévention, et de S. Tisseron, docteur et psychiatre qui a notamment travaillé sur l'empathie –capacité en jeu dans le cyberharcèlement. Les résultats de mon travail montrent que la maturité des élèves est suffisante pour débuter la prévention à cette période mais certains objectifs de la séquence gagneraient à être travaillés plus tôt dans la scolarité ou à se poursuivre ensuite.

The book reviewed here treats of the Israeli-Palestinian military problem as a particular case of the general question of democracies faced with the dilemmas of "counter-insurgency". Combining Raymond Aron's realistic approach and Michael Waizer's ethical approach, the author recommends a different military policy: one that is guided by "empathy", acknowledging the Palestinians' suffering and at least the partial validity of their demands, and by "schizophrenia", pursuing at once the eradication of armed groups and support for civilian populations. This appeal to reason based on "short-term history" (1980-2010) may well overlook the uniqueness of a conflict in which "current events hark back in time" and in which "long[er]-term history" (1920-2010) shows the primacy of "overarching narratives" whose acceptance is a prerequisite for the rational games they authorize. In this case, Zahal's strategic dilemma becomes the Israeli state's political dilemma: to avoid both "hostile empathy" and "defeatist sympathy". Adapted from the source document.

International audience ; The article attempts to show that the concept of sympathy, taken from Adam Smith'sTheory of Moral Sentiments, allows us to distinguish between the purelyegoistic interest ('selfishness') of the homo oeconomicus theories (which we describeas 'autistic') and an interest in oneself ('self-love'), which stems from a sympathytowards ourselves ('reflexive sympathy') built from the sympathy we feeltowards the other ('direct sympathy') and from the other towards us ('reciprocalsympathy'). Interest, in the sense of self-love, by being part of the loops of sympathy,allows us to get out of the theoretical deadlocks that we can find in someauthors of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, including those already criticisedby Smith : Mandeville, Hume, Hutcheson, and Hobbes, the one on whom weare focusing. We then broaden our analysis by relying on the recent discoveries ofmirror neurons which enable us to explain empathy (a concept very close to Smithian'sympathy') in humans as well as in the great apes. As empathy now has anindisputable neurological basis, it allows us to confirm our critique of the standardeconomic theories of homo oeconomicus and to contemplate a re-foundation ofpolitical economy.

International audience ; The article attempts to show that the concept of sympathy, taken from Adam Smith'sTheory of Moral Sentiments, allows us to distinguish between the purelyegoistic interest ('selfishness') of the homo oeconomicus theories (which we describeas 'autistic') and an interest in oneself ('self-love'), which stems from a sympathytowards ourselves ('reflexive sympathy') built from the sympathy we feeltowards the other ('direct sympathy') and from the other towards us ('reciprocalsympathy'). Interest, in the sense of self-love, by being part of the loops of sympathy,allows us to get out of the theoretical deadlocks that we can find in someauthors of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, including those already criticisedby Smith : Mandeville, Hume, Hutcheson, and Hobbes, the one on whom weare focusing. We then broaden our analysis by relying on the recent discoveries ofmirror neurons which enable us to explain empathy (a concept very close to Smithian'sympathy') in humans as well as in the great apes. As empathy now has anindisputable neurological basis, it allows us to confirm our critique of the standardeconomic theories of homo oeconomicus and to contemplate a re-foundation ofpolitical economy.

International audience ; The article attempts to show that the concept of sympathy, taken from Adam Smith'sTheory of Moral Sentiments, allows us to distinguish between the purelyegoistic interest ('selfishness') of the homo oeconomicus theories (which we describeas 'autistic') and an interest in oneself ('self-love'), which stems from a sympathytowards ourselves ('reflexive sympathy') built from the sympathy we feeltowards the other ('direct sympathy') and from the other towards us ('reciprocalsympathy'). Interest, in the sense of self-love, by being part of the loops of sympathy,allows us to get out of the theoretical deadlocks that we can find in someauthors of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, including those already criticisedby Smith : Mandeville, Hume, Hutcheson, and Hobbes, the one on whom weare focusing. We then broaden our analysis by relying on the recent discoveries ofmirror neurons which enable us to explain empathy (a concept very close to Smithian'sympathy') in humans as well as in the great apes. As empathy now has anindisputable neurological basis, it allows us to confirm our critique of the standardeconomic theories of homo oeconomicus and to contemplate a re-foundation ofpolitical economy.

International audience ; The article attempts to show that the concept of sympathy, taken from Adam Smith'sTheory of Moral Sentiments, allows us to distinguish between the purelyegoistic interest ('selfishness') of the homo oeconomicus theories (which we describeas 'autistic') and an interest in oneself ('self-love'), which stems from a sympathytowards ourselves ('reflexive sympathy') built from the sympathy we feeltowards the other ('direct sympathy') and from the other towards us ('reciprocalsympathy'). Interest, in the sense of self-love, by being part of the loops of sympathy,allows us to get out of the theoretical deadlocks that we can find in someauthors of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, including those already criticisedby Smith : Mandeville, Hume, Hutcheson, and Hobbes, the one on whom weare focusing. We then broaden our analysis by relying on the recent discoveries ofmirror neurons which enable us to explain empathy (a concept very close to Smithian'sympathy') in humans as well as in the great apes. As empathy now has anindisputable neurological basis, it allows us to confirm our critique of the standardeconomic theories of homo oeconomicus and to contemplate a re-foundation ofpolitical economy.

Stitching the weight of modest materials is the fundamental question; it is the heart of my research these past several years. Modest mediums are able to raise questions about sculpture by extraction and exploration of their materiality in stitched assemblies. The thesis Du silence à l'ouvrage shows their passage from futile object to flat surface in suspensions and tell their fragility and their theoretical weight. Turning away from traditional uses, I sew assemblies that silently asks every day, knowledge, the apparent order of things and representations. I weave a constellation of interpretations, shapes and items whose symbolic and political force is revealed in the modest. Sculptural forms derive from the pre-existing, negotiates with it and arranges it. The sculpture is born more from an external change than from the materiality of its components. It is a fall where materials recount their tragedy and deplete their potential becoming empathetic forms of symbolic weight. My research demonstrates stitched assemblies and reveals the tensions inherent in the material and its provenance. ; Coudre le poids des matériaux modestes est l'enjeu plastique de mon travail depuis plusieurs années. Par une extraction et une exploration du modeste au sein d'assemblages cousus, s'est ouvert un questionnement sur la sculpture. La thèse Du silence à l'ouvrage, témoigne de leur passage de futiles à surfaces planes au sein de suspensions et interroge leur fragilité et poids théorique. En détournant les usages traditionnels, je couds des assemblages qui silencieusement interroge le quotidien, le savoir-faire, l'ordre apparent des choses et des représentations. Je tisse une constellation d'interprétations, de formes et de références dont la force symbolique et politique se révèle dans le modeste. Les formes sculpturales découlent de ce préexistant, négocient avec lui et l'agencent. Elles ne naissent pas d'une modification provenant de l'extérieur mais de la matérialité des matériaux les composant. Une chute où les matières ...

Stitching the weight of modest materials is the fundamental question; it is the heart of my research these past several years. Modest mediums are able to raise questions about sculpture by extraction and exploration of their materiality in stitched assemblies. The thesis Du silence à l'ouvrage shows their passage from futile object to flat surface in suspensions and tell their fragility and their theoretical weight. Turning away from traditional uses, I sew assemblies that silently asks every day, knowledge, the apparent order of things and representations. I weave a constellation of interpretations, shapes and items whose symbolic and political force is revealed in the modest. Sculptural forms derive from the pre-existing, negotiates with it and arranges it. The sculpture is born more from an external change than from the materiality of its components. It is a fall where materials recount their tragedy and deplete their potential becoming empathetic forms of symbolic weight. My research demonstrates stitched assemblies and reveals the tensions inherent in the material and its provenance. ; Coudre le poids des matériaux modestes est l'enjeu plastique de mon travail depuis plusieurs années. Par une extraction et une exploration du modeste au sein d'assemblages cousus, s'est ouvert un questionnement sur la sculpture. La thèse Du silence à l'ouvrage, témoigne de leur passage de futiles à surfaces planes au sein de suspensions et interroge leur fragilité et poids théorique. En détournant les usages traditionnels, je couds des assemblages qui silencieusement interroge le quotidien, le savoir-faire, l'ordre apparent des choses et des représentations. Je tisse une constellation d'interprétations, de formes et de références dont la force symbolique et politique se révèle dans le modeste. Les formes sculpturales découlent de ce préexistant, négocient avec lui et l'agencent. Elles ne naissent pas d'une modification provenant de l'extérieur mais de la matérialité des matériaux les composant. Une chute où les matières ...

Stitching the weight of modest materials is the fundamental question; it is the heart of my research these past several years. Modest mediums are able to raise questions about sculpture by extraction and exploration of their materiality in stitched assemblies. The thesis Du silence à l'ouvrage shows their passage from futile object to flat surface in suspensions and tell their fragility and their theoretical weight. Turning away from traditional uses, I sew assemblies that silently asks every day, knowledge, the apparent order of things and representations. I weave a constellation of interpretations, shapes and items whose symbolic and political force is revealed in the modest. Sculptural forms derive from the pre-existing, negotiates with it and arranges it. The sculpture is born more from an external change than from the materiality of its components. It is a fall where materials recount their tragedy and deplete their potential becoming empathetic forms of symbolic weight. My research demonstrates stitched assemblies and reveals the tensions inherent in the material and its provenance. ; Coudre le poids des matériaux modestes est l'enjeu plastique de mon travail depuis plusieurs années. Par une extraction et une exploration du modeste au sein d'assemblages cousus, s'est ouvert un questionnement sur la sculpture. La thèse Du silence à l'ouvrage, témoigne de leur passage de futiles à surfaces planes au sein de suspensions et interroge leur fragilité et poids théorique. En détournant les usages traditionnels, je couds des assemblages qui silencieusement interroge le quotidien, le savoir-faire, l'ordre apparent des choses et des représentations. Je tisse une constellation d'interprétations, de formes et de références dont la force symbolique et politique se révèle dans le modeste. Les formes sculpturales découlent de ce préexistant, négocient avec lui et l'agencent. Elles ne naissent pas d'une modification provenant de l'extérieur mais de la matérialité des matériaux les composant. Une chute où les matières ...

Throughout the history of all civilizations at least until very recently, the most fundamental values at the basis of societal organization and culture were determined and sanctified almost exclusively by men - including the values traditionally associated with women, such as corporeal beauty, purity, motherhood, or empathy. However, from the ancient times already, and increasingly toward the end of the second millennium, women have always found ways to overcome the limits set to them by the ...