Suchergebnisse

Dans ses mémoires, Robert Debré consacre tout un chapitre aux «enfants des pays déshérités». Il écrit que «C'est en Afrique surtout que le Centre International de l'Enfance a, pendant des années, travaillé avec ardeur et succès». L'objet de cette contribution est de montrer comment le Centre International de l'Enfance a agi en Afrique dès les premières années après sa création, en tant qu'acteur important dans les processus d'éducation à la santé, en tant que participant actif des échanges transnationaux sur les questions de protection de l'enfance, en tant que promoteur - dans chaque espace avec lequel il était en relation - du développement de politiques «enfance-jeunesse » intégrées dans le champ économique et social. Dépendant doublement - et également, à sa création du moins - du financement de l'UNICEF et de l'Etat français, le CIE se trouve à l'interface des grandes organisations de la galaxie onusienne (OMS, UNESCO, FAO, etc.) et de la France. Robert Debré exprime ainsi son engagement et sa motivation lors de la création du CIE : «je souhaitais pour mon pays une participation active à l'accomplissement de la tâche du FISE qui lui permettrait d'assurer une place à la langue française, à sa pensée, à sa manière d'envisager les problèmes de coopération». Pour le CIE, agir en Afrique c'est donc d'abord et avant tout s'investir dans l'espace colonial françaisregroupé dans l'Union Française jusqu'en 1958[3] et développer une œuvre médicale et sanitaire entamée antérieurement. Les sources mobilisées sont essentiellement les archives du CIE déposées à la Bibliothèque de l'Université d'Angers en 1999. Ce fonds (appelé CIDEF du nom de l'organisme qui succède au CIE en 1996), désormais classé, est inédit et constitue une source de premier ordre pour faire l'histoire des grandes questions d'éducation sanitaire et sociale relatives à l'enfance au second XXe siècle[5]; il est notamment très complémentaire de celui de l'UNICEF. Les documents relatifs à l'action du CIE en Afrique sont présents dans tous les grands ensembles du fonds: rapports d'activités annuels, dossiers de travail, correspondance, budgets, etc. Les comptes rendus des réunions du Comité consultatif technique sont particulièrement précieux. En effet, ce comité examine toutes les questions et étudie toutes les orientations du CIE, c'est un organe essentiel dans la définition de la politique et l'organigramme du centre; y siègent des personnalités de l'UNICEF bien sûr, mais aussi de l'UNESCO, l'OMS, le FAO, l'OIT, et l'ONU.

In the supra and international scenario, conflict and education in countries involved in armed conflicts have become a powerful raison d'être on the part of both institutions and scholars, that have been developing various topics regarding politics and organization, in addition to didactics. Comparative and International Education are presently redefinin its features and ontological elements and contribute to these issues, given their plural and eclectic nature. In the light of the abovementioned, this article aims to present the research and results of an innovative education project that relies on International Education to spotlight the situation of education in countries involved in conflict. The proposal gathers different actions on methodological innovation, all with a common thread: the implementation of drama-based techniques in the classroom, in particular, the Lecture-Performance, an hybrid concept which combines research and student's autonomous work with basic resources of theatrical practice. The main results of the study show that this teaching methodology encourages students to develop creativity, originality and spontaneity, fostering responsibility, tolerance and empathy in relation to international and comparative conflicts. En el escenario supra e internacional, el conflicto y la educación en países involucrados en conflictos armados se han convertido en una poderosa raison d'être tanto de ins- tituciones como de la academia, que han venido desentrañando diversos temas desde política y organización, además de la didáctica educativas. La Educación Comparada e Internacional está redefiniendo sus rasgos y elementos ontológicos y contribuye a estos temas, dado su carácter plural y ecléctico. A la luz de lo anterior, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la investigación y los resultados de un proyecto educativo innovador que se apoya en la Educación Internacional para resaltar la situación de la educación en países en conflicto. La pro- puesta recoge diferentes acciones de innovación metodológica, todas con un hilo con- ductor: la implementación de técnicas basadas en el drama en el aula, en particular, la Lecture-Performance, un concepto híbrido que combina la investigación y el trabajo autónomo del alumnado con los recursos básicos de la práctica teatral. Los principales resultados del trabajo ponen de manifiesto que esta metodología didáctica fomenta en el alumnado el desarrollo de la creatividad, la originalidad y la espontaneidad, potenciando la responsabilidad, la tolerancia y la empatía en relación con los conflictos internaciona- les y comparados.

Does civil-military conflict harm military effectiveness? Most previous empirical literature on the effects of civil-military conflict has utilized dichotomous indicators of the presence or absence of overall civilian control. However, the extant theoretical literature is clear that mid-levels of civil-military conflict could be good for innovation and overall decision making. In line with these arguments, the author argues that we should not expect all civil-military conflict to harm military effectiveness and, by extension, international crisis bargaining outcome. Instead, some civil-military conflict should have a positive effect on the overall success of the military. Utilizing new events data that captures the level of civil-military conflict cross nationally from 1990 to 2004, the author examines how civil-military conflict actually has an inverse U-shaped relationship with crisis success. This project also adds to the theoretical literature by examining variations across different degrees of civil-military conflicts, drawing attention to the usefulness of mid-range civil-military "friction.". [Reprinted by permission; copyright Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society/Sage Publications Inc.]

The modern international system is commonly argued to have originated within Western Europe and spread globally during centuries of colonialism. This article argues, instead, that the character of the modern system of territorially sovereign states resulted from a complex interaction between European colonizing polities and events, actors, and spaces in other parts of the globe. In particular, through a process of colonial reflection, many of the foundational ideas and practices of modern statehood were formed in the interactions of Europeans with the unknown, supposedly empty, spaces of the New World in the 16th and 17th centuries. These novel practices were applied only later to politics among states in Europe. Most important among these developments is the ideal of territorial exclusivity as the sole basis for state sovereignty. This analysis also has implications for the study of contemporary international systemic change.

"Unlike the dominant trend in cognitive approach to foreign policy, the approach in this book is not guided by reflections in psychology. Like part of Jervis's work, it is inspired by reflections concerning the philosophy of science - not by Kuhn's or those of its most well-known critics, but by some more recent and formal reflections known as the AGM theory." "The AGM theory, proposed in the 1980s by Alchourron, Gardenfors, and Makinson, is the core of a most dynamic branch of logic, focusing on belief change. It has produced impressive formal results, with echoes in artificial intelligence, database management, and decision and game theory. This book shows how it can be used in political science." "The book includes three parts. Part One is a twenty-page review of the AGM theory, avoiding a number of pitfalls, inaccuracies, and misunderstandings that are common elsewhere. Part Two is a review of U.S.-Iranian relations under the reign of tile last shah, focusing on the last years of monarchy, and including an unconventional interpretation of U.S. intelligence performance in 1978. The essential part is Part Three, where an AGM model is tested and intriguing results obtained in connection with U.S. perceptions of the Iranian revolution."--Jacket

The militant group known as the Islamic State has become notorious for its public displays of violence. Through slick high-definition videos showing beheadings, immolations and other forms of choreographed executions, the Islamic State has repeatedly captured the imagination of a global public and provoked vehement reactions. This article examines the Islamic State's public displays of violence. Contrary to the public constitution of the Islamic State's violence as an exceptional evil, the article argues that the group's staging of killings and mutilations is not an unprecedented phenomenon, but a contemporary version of a distinct type of political violence that has been mobilized by various political agents throughout centuries. However, what is new and significant about the Islamic State's choreographed executions is the public visibility of the acts and the global spectacle that the group has created. Thus, if the Islamic State is introducing a new dynamic in global politics, it is not a new form of violence or brutality, but rather a transformation of how spectacles of violence unfold on the global stage. Subsequently, the article highlights three dimensions of the Islamic State's public displays of violence that have facilitated the creation of the global spectacle: the Islamic State's technological skills and professional use of media (technology); the Islamic State's mobilization of acts of violence that transgress prevailing sensibilities (transgression); and the violent acts' function as not only a form of terror, but also an integral element of a state project and a visual manifestation of an alternative political order (politics).

General principles, considerations relevant to the discharge of the mandate, concept of operation, consultations with the parties. (AA)

In the wake of the Cold War, as the international community struggles to accommodate change, the author of this study directs our attention to the classic theorists, Thucydides, Rousseau, Locke and others. He explores their enduring theories, and recommends that they be applied to today's fundamental international dilemmas. Although no one school has all the answers, this analysis maintains that history has provided the theoretical tools to meet modern challenges, and that great political minds of the past can still guide modern politicians through the confusion of current events. ; https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/books/1243/thumbnail.jpg

This research work is designed primarily to know the effect of family relation and parental influence on the career choice of student. Parental Influence refers to the amount of participation a parent has when it comes to schooling and a child's life. Career Choice is also a process to be the one involving evaluating individual's abilities, skills and values in the light of the occupations available and how these align with work values of the available alternatives. Family is referred to when two or more persons are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. Findings from this study show that parental sensitive or involvement and response to their children is important to promote higher motivations in school and better with regards to career choices and the secure family and parent-child relationships are associated with progress in career decision making, affirmative career self-efficacy beliefs and career selection. For this purpose Social Cognitive Theory by Albert Bandura (1977, 1986, 1989, 1991, and 2001) for Career Decision Making, Person-Environment Fit (P: E Fit) Theories (John Holland 1985), and Family Systems Theory by Dr. Murray Bowen (1913-1990) for Family were employed in this study. Copies of questionnaire were administered to respondents comprising of both male and female students in Irepodun/Ifelodun local government, Ekiti state precisely, and were analysed using one way ANOVA, correlation and independent t test in order to achieve the objectives of the study. The results reveal that there is no significant relationship between Parental Involvement and Choice of Career (r(300) = .024 p>.05) and the result however showed that Family Relationship has a significant relationship on Choice of Career (r(300) = -.078 p.05), and there is a significant influence of Family Relationship on Choice of Career (t(298) = 1.58 p<.05). It is also revealed from the table that Parental / Guidance significantly influences Choice of Career (F(2, 297) = 2.32 p<.05). As several factors affect career choices among high school students. Identifying these factors gives parents, guardians, educators and family an idea as to where students place most of their trust in the career selection process. Based on the result of this study, there should be an expression of parental values and expectations which can be in the form of parental support and guidance on specific career or educational suggestions as well as experiences that indirectly support career development, such as family vacations, provision of resources such as books, and modeling of paid and non-paid work roles.Key words: Career Choice, Family Relation, Parental Influence

This article aims to reveal the role of political power in the construction of collective identity through the collective memory. Three aspects is seeking to "hook" in the theoretical level: the determined trends of globalised current time, the national state as a homogeneous "imagined" community and cultural heritage as a historical reality and factor of joining together communities. The analysis uncovers that globalization is a dualistic phenomena. The tendencies could be marked under living conditions today: the ontological anxiety of society, a collective identity crisis, the legal and actual threats to the sovereignty, which may retain the nation state. Nationalism, as the ideological force homogenizing state and society, is strongly actualizing and becomes a "headache" not only for communities but also for the political authorities, who can't stay away from declaring liberal laissez-faire principle, but must choose one from David Brown's proposed nationalism strategies of society's consolidation: ethno-cultural, civic or multicultural. Cultural heritage expressing a symbolic link to the legacy of previous generations must now become not only culturally, but also political and economic resource to the communities and politicians to create the basis for the stability of society and the state. The role of cultural heritage in the international political economy, development of public image models and developing positive relationships with neighbors in the historical context is very relevant today. Reinterpretation of cultural heritage dissonances in academic and public discourses should help to reconstruct the historical oblivion and construct the new formulas of collective identity in the second millennium of Lithuania.

This article aims to reveal the role of political power in the construction of collective identity through the collective memory. Three aspects is seeking to "hook" in the theoretical level: the determined trends of globalised current time, the national state as a homogeneous "imagined" community and cultural heritage as a historical reality and factor of joining together communities. The analysis uncovers that globalization is a dualistic phenomena. The tendencies could be marked under living conditions today: the ontological anxiety of society, a collective identity crisis, the legal and actual threats to the sovereignty, which may retain the nation state. Nationalism, as the ideological force homogenizing state and society, is strongly actualizing and becomes a "headache" not only for communities but also for the political authorities, who can't stay away from declaring liberal laissez-faire principle, but must choose one from David Brown's proposed nationalism strategies of society's consolidation: ethno-cultural, civic or multicultural. Cultural heritage expressing a symbolic link to the legacy of previous generations must now become not only culturally, but also political and economic resource to the communities and politicians to create the basis for the stability of society and the state. The role of cultural heritage in the international political economy, development of public image models and developing positive relationships with neighbors in the historical context is very relevant today. Reinterpretation of cultural heritage dissonances in academic and public discourses should help to reconstruct the historical oblivion and construct the new formulas of collective identity in the second millennium of Lithuania.

This article aims to reveal the role of political power in the construction of collective identity through the collective memory. Three aspects is seeking to "hook" in the theoretical level: the determined trends of globalised current time, the national state as a homogeneous "imagined" community and cultural heritage as a historical reality and factor of joining together communities. The analysis uncovers that globalization is a dualistic phenomena. The tendencies could be marked under living conditions today: the ontological anxiety of society, a collective identity crisis, the legal and actual threats to the sovereignty, which may retain the nation state. Nationalism, as the ideological force homogenizing state and society, is strongly actualizing and becomes a "headache" not only for communities but also for the political authorities, who can't stay away from declaring liberal laissez-faire principle, but must choose one from David Brown's proposed nationalism strategies of society's consolidation: ethno-cultural, civic or multicultural. Cultural heritage expressing a symbolic link to the legacy of previous generations must now become not only culturally, but also political and economic resource to the communities and politicians to create the basis for the stability of society and the state. The role of cultural heritage in the international political economy, development of public image models and developing positive relationships with neighbors in the historical context is very relevant today. Reinterpretation of cultural heritage dissonances in academic and public discourses should help to reconstruct the historical oblivion and construct the new formulas of collective identity in the second millennium of Lithuania.