Suchergebnisse

Afirmacija razumijevanja i prihvaćanja između pripadnika različitih kultura predstavlja jedan od temeljnih zadataka odgojno-obrazovnih sustava u suvremenim demokratskim društvima. Kako bi se taj zadatak što uspješnije realizirao, ističe se važnost uvođenja interkulturalizma kao dimenzije cjelokupne odgojno-obrazovne djelatnosti. Polazeći od shvaćanja prema kojem odgojno-obrazovne ustanove imaju važnu ulogu u formiranju interkulturalnog razumijevanja, vrijednosti, stavova i ponašanja njenih članova, u radu se razmatra problematika promicanja interkulturalizma u školskom okruženju. Na temelju pregleda dosadašnjih istraživanja, razmatraju se različita područja i obilježja odgojnoobrazovnog djelovanja te s njima povezane pretpostavke za izgradnju škole kao mjesta interkulturalnog učenja. ; The affirmation of understanding and acceptance among members of different cultures represents one of the major tasks of the educational systems in modern democratic societies. Successful realization of that task implies the importance of promoting interculturalism as an important dimension of the entire educational activity.Drawing on the assumption according to which educational institutions play important role in the formation of the intercultural understanding, values, attitudes and behaviours of its members, this paper discusses the issue of promoting interculturalism in the school environment. Based on a review of previous findings, different areas and features of educational activity are discussed as well as related assumptions for building a school as a place for intercultural learning.

The article focuses on the interconnectedness of foreign policy environments to explain Slovenia's opportunities and constraints for foreign policy action. During the period of pre-independence para-diplomacy, the building of an internal and external domestic environment successfully turned constraints (no international recognition) into opportunities (applying for membership of European and global intergovernmental organizations). In the second period — post-recognition — considering the absence of a strategic foreign policy document, the Slovenian internal foreign policy environment became a major constraint to seize foreign environment opportunities. This affected Slovenia's accomplishments, notably after NATO and EU memberships were achieved in 2004. Although the Slovenian internal environment matured during the following period to adopt, in 2015, a comprehensive foreign policy strategy the recent turn in world politics (especially the European financial and economic crisis and the migration crisis) created for the first time a foreign environment for Slovenia that offered many fewer opportunities and far more constraints. ; The article focuses on the interconnectedness of foreign policy environments to explain Slovenia's opportunities and constraints for foreign policy action. During the period of pre-independence para-diplomacy, the building of an internal and external domestic environment successfully turned constraints (no international recognition) into opportunities (applying for membership of European and global intergovernmental organizations). In the second period — post-recognition — considering the absence of a strategic foreign policy document, the Slovenian internal foreign policy environment became a major constraint to seize foreign environment opportunities. This affected Slovenia's accomplishments, notably after NATO and EU memberships were achieved in 2004. Although the Slovenian internal environment matured during the following period to adopt, in 2015, a comprehensive foreign policy strategy the recent turn in world politics (especially the European financial and economic crisis and the migration crisis) created for the first time a foreign environment for Slovenia that offered many fewer opportunities and far more constraints.

Within the project "Effects of the Reform Changes on the Preschool Education Context in Montenegro", the observations of education process were conducted in preschools, in three regions, on the total sample of 99 units (educational groups). This paper highlights the positive effects that are a result of the reform process in the Montenegrin preschool education, but it also identifies problems/challenges in realizing the programme objectives and activities. In order to objectively assess practical activities in different age groups, the Scale for observing the education process in preschool institutions was used, with a focus on the identification of indicators of more complex categories (interaction, diversity and democratic values, teaching strategies, learning environment, planning). With the intention of collecting relevant information about the current state of the kindergarten in the domain of educational work, a series of interviews were conducted, and then the teachers' opinions and suggestions regarding the possible ways of improving teaching methodology practices in preschool institutions in Montenegro were marked. The study shows that the largest number of indicators is on the level of quality practices (on the scale 1=inadequate to 4= a step forward), so the measures towards the improvement of practice are suggested. It is necessary to adjust the number of children in educational groups with pedagogical standards, provide continuous training of professional staff, and improve educators' teamwork in order to ensure much better life quality in preschool institutions. ; U okviru realizacije projekta »Efekti reformskih promjena predškolskog odgojnog konteksta u Crnoj Gori« provedena je i opservacija odgojno-obrazovnog procesa u predškolskim ustanovama, u trima regijama, na ukupnom uzorku od 99 odgojnih skupina. U radu su prikazani pozitivni učinci koji su rezultat reformskog procesa u predškolstvu u Crnoj Gori, ali i identificirani problemi/izazovi u procesu realizacije programskih ciljeva i aktivnosti. U cilju što objektivnijeg sagledavanja praktičnih aktivnosti u skupinama različite dobi, koristila se Skala za promatranje odgojnog procesa u vrtiću, s pomoću koje smo precizirali indikatore za fokusirane kompleksne kategorije (interakcije, različitosti i demokratske vrijednosti, strategije poučavanja, okruženja za učenje, planiranje). S ciljem prikupljanja što više relevantnih informacija o postojećem stanju u vrtiću, na osnovi primijenjenog intervjua, zabilježena su i mišljenja i prijedlozi odgojitelja o mogućim putovima unapređivanja metodičke prakse u predškolskim ustanovama u Crnoj Gori. Rezultati promatranja i intervjuiranja odgojitelja pokazuju kako je većina procijenjenih indikatora na razini kvalitetne prakse (od 1 = neadekvatno do 4 = korak dalje), a predložene su mjere koje bi doprinijele unapređenju kvalitete rada u vrtiću. Potrebno je: uskladiti brojnost djece u odgojnim skupinama s pedagoškim standardima, osigurati kontinuiranu obuku stručnog kadra, unaprijediti timsko djelovanje odgajatelja s ciljem sveobuhvatnog unapređivanja kvalitete života u predškolskoj ustanovi.

Konvencija o pristupu informacijama, sudjelovanju javnosti u odlučivanju i pristupu sudstvu o pitanjima okoliša – Aarhuška konvencija – međunarodni je pravni okvir na području zaštite okoliša. Ova konvencija, pokrenuta pod pokroviteljstvom UN-a, najambiciozniji je pothvat kada je riječ o zaštiti okoliša. Njezinim usvajanjem ujedno je učinjen golem korak u razvoju međunarodnoga prava. Prihvaćajući načela i formalno pristupajući Aarhuškoj konvenciji, države naše regije (Jugoistočna Europa) zorno pokazuju da prava na području okoliša nisu luksuz rezerviran samo za bogate. Ovim se dokumentom utvrđuju prava u svezi s okolišem te čine pouzdan temelj za uključivanje najšire javnosti u politike okoliša čime se potvrđuje i naša obveza prema budućim pokoljenjima. To je dokaz kako se održivi razvoj može postići jedino uključivanjem svih sudionika u društvu. Aarhuška konvencija poveznica je između odgovornosti tijela javne vlasti i zaštite okoliša, jer se sudjelovanjem javnosti povećava odgovornost i transparentnost pri donošenju odluka, kao i svijest javnosti o pitanjima okoliša, a osigurava se i podrška za donesene odluke. Učinkovitim sudjelovanjem javnosti promiču se načela suradnje i konzultacija između građana i donositelja odluka, čime se pridonosi općoj demokratizaciji društva. To je omogućeno provedbom Aarhuške konvencije koja uključuje: pristup informacijama, sudjelovanje javnosti pri donošenju odluka i pristup pravosuđu kada je riječ o okolišu. To su ujedno i tri glavna stupa Konvencije. Prije dvanaest godina tadašnji je glavni tajnik UN-a Kofi Annan opisao Konvenciju kao "najambiciozniji pothvat na području 'okolišne demokracije' dosad poduzet pod okriljem Ujedinjenih naroda". Možemo reći kako je taj opis vjerojatno i danas točan, iako je na području okolišne demokracije došlo i do drugih znatnih pomaka. ; Convention on access to information, public participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters – The Aarhus Convention – is an international legal framework in the area of the environment protection. This convention, initiated under the auspices of UN, is the most ambitious venture as far as environment protection is concerned. Its adoption made at the same time a huge step in the international law development. Accepting the principles and formally accessing to the Aarhus Convention, countries from our region (Southeast Europe) show that rights in the environment protection area are not the luxury reserved only for the rich ones. This document defines the rights in the environment area and makes the reliable foundation for involving the general public in the environment policies which confirms our commitment to future generations. That is a proof that sustainable development can be achieved only by involving all participants in the society. The Aarhus Convention is a link between the authorities' responsibilities and environment protection, because participation of the public increases responsibility and transparency in decision making, as well as consciousness of the public about environmental matters. It also provides support for the made decisions. Efficient participation of the public promotes cooperation principles and consultation between citizens and decision makers, which contributes to general society democratization. That is enabled by the Aarhus Convention implementation which includes: access to information, participation of the public in decision making and access to jurisdiction when speaking of environment. These are at the same time three main Convention pillars. Twelve years ago the UN Secretary General Kofi Annan described the Convention as "the most ambitious venture in environmental democracy undertaken under the auspices of the United Nations". We can say that the mentioned descriptionis probably correct even today, although there have been many other significant improvements in environmental democracy.

Multilingualism and multiculturalism are core factors underlying the language policy of the European Union. Even bilingual communication is considered as multilingualism since it contributes to the creation of a multilingual society. Hence, European speakers are expected to use at least two parallel language codes (mother tongue and one foreign language). However, most European educational documents (CEFRL, 2005) emphasize the triple multilingual formula according to which, in addition to the mother tongue, the knowledge of at least two other languages is recommended. Scientific research (Pavličević-Franić, 2011), confirms the fact that vertical correlation between two language codes within the same mother tongue most commonly occurs in Croatian primary school practice. Nevertheless, due to the introduction of a foreign language in the first grade of primary school, horizontal plurilingualism is increasingly being recognized, which leads to the creation of an interlanguage field. Such a communicational situation necessarily requires a new approach to the process of learning and teaching Croatian language because monolingual preschool children become plurilingual students. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of different language codes on the process of mastering the Croatian standard language, particularly on the development of communicative competence, as well as to determine the transfer of language elements within the interlanguage field. The statistical sample consists of students in junior grades of elementary school. The Test of communicative competence was conducted (Aladrović Slovaček, 2012). Results show that the existence of parallel language codes is not an obstacle, but an advantage in a plurilingual school environment and that such a situation will have a positive impact on the process of learning the Croatian standard language in the early language period. ; Višejezičnost i višekulturalnost jezgreni su čimbenici jezične politike Europske unije. Već se i bilingvalna komunikacija smatra višejezičnošću jer pridonosi stvaranju multilingvalne društvene zajednice. Od europskih se govornika, dakle, očekuje uporaba barem dvaju jezika (materinski i jedan strani jezik). No, u većini europskih obrazovnih dokumenata (ZEROJ, 2005) ističe se trojna višejezična formula prema kojoj se, uz materinski, preporučuje poznavanje još dvaju jezika. Dosadašnja istraživanja (Pavličević-Franić, 2011) potvrđuju činjenicu da se u hrvatskoj osnovnoškolskoj praksi najčešće očituje vertikalni suodnos dvaju jezičnih kodova unutar istoga materinskoga jezika. No, uvođenjem stranoga jezika u 1. razred osnovne škole, sve češće se registrira horizontalna višejezičnost, što dovodi do stvaranja međujezičnoga polja. Takva komunikacijska situacija nužno zahtijeva nove pristupe u procesu učenja hrvatskoga jezika jer jednojezična djeca postaju višejezični učenici. Cilj je istraživanja, stoga, bio ispitati povezanost različitih jezičnih kodova i procesa ovladavanja hrvatskim standardnim jezikom, osobito u razvoju komunikacijske kompetencije, kao i utvrditi vrste jezičnih transferencija unutar međujezičnoga polja. Statistički uzorak čine učenici mlađih razreda osnovne škole među kojima je proveden Test lingvističke i komunikacijske kompetencije (Aladrović Slovaček, 2012). Rezultati pokazuju postojanje paralelnih jezičnih kodova koji nisu prepreka, nego prednost u višejezičnoj školskoj sredini i koji pozitivno utječu na proces učenja hrvatskoga standardnoga jezika u ranojezičnome razdoblju.

Uvidom u tekstove pjesama i životni stil koji vode neki od članova kalifornijskoga deathgrind benda Cattle Decapitation, ovaj članak istražuje vezu između ekstremnoga zvuka, koji bend njeguje i "ekstremne" poruke koja proizlazi iz njihova rada. Naime, sadašnji i bivši članovi benda ističu svoj stav o problemu okrutnosti prema životinjama i negativnoga utjecaja ljudi na životno okruženje, što se može primijetiti i u tekstualnim i u vizualnim aspektima njihova stvaralaštva. Govoreći u terminima koje je ustanovio sociolog Keith Kahn-Harris, njihovi stavovi imaju osnovu u diskurzivnim, tjelesnim i soničnim transgresijama rada ovoga benda. Cilj je ovoga rada propitivanje na koji način ove transgresije, odnosno, vidovi "ekstremizma", surađuju i time pojačavaju cjelokupni dojam. To će biti učinjeno ispitivanjem točaka ekstrema u suvremenome društvu na kojima se pozicije o politici, životnoj sredini i pravima životinja susreću sa zvukom muzike benda Cattle Decapitation. ; With insight into the lyrics and lifestyle choices of some of the members of the Californian deathgrind band Cattle Decapitation, this article explores the connection between their extreme sound and the "extreme" messages in their work. Namely, the band's current and former members have been vocal about their stance on animal cruelty and human impact on the environment, also reflected in the band's lyrics and imagery. Their positions are supported by, to use the terms coined by Keith Kahn- Harris, the utilization of discursive, bodily, as well as sonic transgressions. With that in mind, the goal of this paper is to examine the ways in which these transgressions, or rather, forms of "extremism," collaborate, reinforce, and strengthen each other. This will be achieved by questioning the points of contact among the movements concerning political/environmental/ animal rights and the sounds deemed extreme in contemporary society.

The assumption is that expansionary monetary policy is good for reducing unemployment, and vice versa. In this context, the status of monetary policy is defined, which is called monetary conditions. For this, the IFIS Financial Conditions Index published by the Institute of Economics, Zagreb, was used as a synthetic indicator of the state of numerous monetary variables (27 variables). By analysing the movements of restrictive and expansionary monetary conditions presented by the IFIS index and the unemployment rate conducted in this paper, it can be concluded that there is a strong link between the index of macroeconomic monetary conditions and unemployment in Croatia. This relationship operates with a time lag of one year, i.e., a change in monetary conditions leads to a change in the overall unemployment rate after one year. Although there is a link between monetary conditions and youth unemployment, it is weaker because youth unemployment is significantly influenced by other factors. These are primarily emigration after Croatia's accession to the European Union and liberalization of the labour market. ; Pretpostavka je da ekspanzivna monetarna politika pogoduje smanjenju nezaposlenosti, a vrijedi i obrnuto. U tom kontekstu definiran je status monetarne politike koji se naziva monetarnim uvjetima. Za to je korišten indeks financijskih uvjeta IFIS koji objavljuje Ekonomski institut, Zagreb, kao sintetički pokazatelj stanja brojnih monetarnih varijabli (27 varijabli). Analizom kretanja restriktivnih i ekspanzivnih monetarnih uvjeta prikazanih IFIS indeksom i stope nezaposlenosti koja je provedena u ovom radu, može se zaključiti da postoji jaka veza između indeksa makroekonomskih monetarnih uvjeta i nezaposlenosti u Hrvatskoj. Ta veza djeluje s pomakom od godinu dana, odnosno promjena monetarnih uvjeta dovodi do promjene u ukupnoj stopi nezaposlenosti nakon godinu dana. Iako postoji veza i između monetarnih uvjeta i nezaposlenosti mladih, ona je slabija jer na nezaposlenost mladih značajnije utječu drugi ...

Rad "Društveno-političke prilike u ivanićkom kraju između dva svjetska rata" u prvom redu nastojat će prikazati događaje koji su obilježili međuratno razdoblje u tri općine ivanićkog kraja (Ivanić-Grad, Kloštar Ivanić, Križ). Uz demografski, društveni i gospodarski razvoj, posebna će se pažnja posvetiti okolnostima dinamičnih političkih zbivanja u tom kraju, koja su obilježila razdoblje od 1918. do 1941. godine. ; The area of municipalities Ivanić-Grad, Kloštar Ivanić and Križ in the times of monarchist Yugoslavia (from 1918 to 1941), went through a period of transformation. This territory had a fairly diverse social and economic structure, in which there was industry, commerce and trade, along with agriculture and livestock farming. The entire area had a centuries-long tradition of education, for which there was relatively little illiterates. Moreover, the idea of linking citizens to achieve common economic and social interests was very strong among the population. After 1918 all adult male citizens of Yugoslavia got universal suffrage. Therefore the Croatian people hoped that their rights would expand even further, while the new state government wanted to build a unitary and centralized state. Citizens of Ivanić area started the struggle for the preservation of their democratic and national rights. One of the biggest and earliest armed resistances to the regime's ideas, known as the Kriæ Republic, proved in 1920 that people were not happy with the situation in their environment. Despite of proclamation of Yugoslav dictatorship, with time the authorities would find that the thoughts and actions of citizens are very difficult to control. The citizens themselves in almost absolute numbers sided with the ideas of Croatian Peasant Party and the concept of political struggle for democratic, social and economic rights of Croatian people in the monarchist Yugoslavia. Therefore, the attacks against ideas and symbols of the regime became an everyday reality. In the years following the assassination of King Alexander there was a limited democratization of the state. They were also marked by an increasing activity of the HSS. This all led to the creation of the Banovina of Croatia in 1939. However, only a year and a half later, Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Croatian Banovina will disappear in a whirlwind of World War Two.

Ubrzani razvoj nekonvencionalnih ležišta nafte u SAD-u započeo je 2010. godine, uz naredno petogodišnje razdoblje sa stabilnim i relativno visokim cijenama nafte na tržištu. Tijekom toga relativno kratkoga perioda ekspanzije došlo je do znatnijih promjena u kapitalnim i operativnim troškovima zbog neprestanoga tehnološkog napretka u bušenju i opremanju, rastu pratećega naftno-servisnog sektora te povoljnijega financiranja projekata uz državnu politiku monetarnoga popuštanja. U radu su analizirani trendovi u troškovima razvoja nekonvencionalnih ležišta te ovisnost kretanja cijene nafte (WTI – West Texas Intermediate) o intenzitetu broja aktivnih bušotina i ukupnim proizvodnim kvotama s najvećih ležišta nekonvencionalne nafte. Nakon svjetske financijske krize iz 2008./2009. ekonomski oporavak u SAD-u bio je donekle usporen, što je uzrokovalo ekstremnu volatilnost na dioničkim i robnim tržištima. U takvim nesigurnim uvjetima dnevna kretanja cijena nafte te vrijednosti dionica i roba pokazuju znatno reagiranje na periodične izvještaje o promjenama glavnih makroekonomskih indikatora kao glavnih pokazatelja trenda ekonomskoga oporavka. Prije nego što državne institucije objave takve izvještaje, postoje i predviđanja vrijednosti indikatora temeljem anketa među ekonomskim analitičarima i očekivanim trendovima. Stoga, bilo kakvo pozitivno ili negativno iznenađenje prilikom objave stvarnih podataka u odnosu na predviđeno utječe na dnevno kretanje cijene nafte. U ovome radu statistički su analizi rani utjecaji takvih promjena u makroekonomskim indikatorima na dnevnu završnu cijenu nafte te utjecaj ostalih važnijih burzovnih indeksa u SAD-u. Analiza je pokazala da od makroekonomskih indikatora najveći utjecaj na dnevne pomake u cijeni nafte ima indeks industrijskih proizvođačkih cijena (PPI – Producer Price Index) kao temeljni indeks pokazatelja inflacije. ; Large scale development of tight oil resources in US started after 2010. with following five-year period of favorable steady increase in crude oil price. During this relatively short expansion cycle, operating and capital expenses changed drastically for main tight oil plays due to technological improvements in both well drilling and completion, expansion of service sector as well as loose government monetary policy which allowed favorable financing. This paper analyzed trends in costs during expansion period, as well as correlation of oil price to number of operating rigs and production quotas. After 2008/2009. world financial crisis economy recovery in US was somewhat sluggish and it caused extreme volatile environment in both equity and commodity markets. In such volatile environment intra-day crude oil prices, as well as other commodities and equities, show significant reaction to monthly published macroeconomic indicator reports, which give better overviews of trends in economic recovery. Prior to announcement, these reports always have forecasted value determined by consensus among market analysts. Therefore, any positive or negative surprise in real value tends to influence price of oil. This paper investigated influence of such macroeconomic reports to closing intraday oil price, as well as effect of other important daily market indices. Analysis showed that only Producer Price Index (PPI), among other indicators, has statistical significance of affecting intraday closing oil price.

Ovaj rad nastao je kao odgovor na potrebu da se identificiraju čimbenici koji utječu na stavove studenata o pokretanju startupa u periodu od 2019. – 2020. godine, tijekom izbijanja bolesti COVID-19. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 2.141 studenta na dvanaest sveučilišta u Ho Chi Minh Cityju. Ovim istraživanjem otkriva se što potiče studente na proučavanje i oblikovanje start-up ideja za pokretanje novog posla. Pritom je utjecaj okoline od presudne važnosti za samopouzdanje studenata i njihov pozitivan stav prema poduzetništvu da bi potakli studentsku želju za realizaciju start-up poslovanja. Ovo je istraživanje pokazalo da kako opće i radno okruženje tako i pozitivni i negativni stavovi izravno i neizravno utječu na namjeru studenata za osnivanjem startup-tvrtki. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu da vlada i sveučilišta posvete više pozornosti na čimbenike okruženja budući da izravno utječu na mogućnosti i pružanje potpore namjeri studenata za osnivanjem start-up biznisa. ; This paper has been written in response to the need to identify the factors of environment affecting students' attitudes on startups intention within the period 2019-2020, at the time of the COVID-19 breakout. For this purpose, the research was conducted on the sample of 2,141 students in twelve universities in Ho Chi Minh City. This research finds out what motivates students to learn, shape start-up ideas as to start a new business, and how an environment approach affects students' startup intention as to gain confidence and positive feelings about the entrepreneurship. This study shows that both general and task environment, as well as positive and negative attitudes directly and indirectly affected students' startup intention. The implication of the findings of this study suggests that the government and universities should pay more attention to environment factors because of its providing opportunities and support to students' startup intention.

This article concentrates on the political theory of Thomas Hobbes inside the European political tradition. Security is understood as a primary political good. In accordance with this, the creation of Leviathan is understood as a symbol connected to the typical process of the creation of the European state. Starting from this basic assumption, the author discuses the political theories of T. Hobbes, C. Schmitt & F. Neumann. References. Adapted from the source document.