Suchergebnisse

Climatic events of the last millennia in the northeastern part of the Norwegian-Greenland basin were reconstructed based on micropaleontological studies of sediments from the AMK-6150 core. New results were obtained from analyses of dinoflagellate cysts, diatoms, and benthic and planktonic foraminifers. These results allow us to infer the time of sediment accumulation and the prevailing natural conditions. According to preliminary data on climatostratigraphy based on the composition of microfossils, the period of sediment formation in the AMK-6150 core does not exceed 7 thousand years. The composition of microfossil assemblages and the results of reconstructions indicate repeated changes in marine environmental conditions during this time. Sediments at the depth of 23-24 cm recorded the beginning of a significant growth of temperature and salinity of surface waters due to a possible increase of the Norwegian Current influence. According to the species and quantitative composition of dinocyst and diatom assemblages, sediments in the short depth range of 14-12 cm accumulated during a period of noticeable decrease in temperature and increased influence of Arctic water masses. The analysis of dinocysts by the method of modern analogues allows reconstruction of the quantitative values of summer paleotemperatures of surface waters and the duration of ice cover. It was found that the cooling episodes and probable formation of seasonal sea ice were possible during the accumulation of sediments at the depths of 29-24, 14-12 and 3-1 cm.

The article analyzes the history of Azerbaijan's criminal law on ecological crimes in chronological order. The place and role of environmental crimes in the criminal code of the Republic of Azerbaijan, as well as the creation, development and formation of the history of national criminal legislation were studied in the article. Extensive information on the crimes and penalties in the sphere of ecology according to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan was provided. The article was focused on the opinion of scholarsstudying the formation of the national criminal legislation of the Azerbaijan and the criminal-executive history of chronological sequence formation. ; В статье анализируется история уголовного законодательства Азербайджана об экологических преступлениях в хронологическом порядке. В статье изучено место и роль экологических преступлений в Уголовном кодексе Азербайд-жанской Республики, а также создание, развитие и формирование истории национального уголовного законодательства. Предоставлена обширная информация о преступлениях и штрафах в сфере экологии, предусмотренных Уголовным кодексом Азербайджанской Республики. В статье основное внимание было уделено мнению ученых, изучающих формирование национального уголовного законодательства Азербайджана и уголовно-исполнительной истории формирования хронологической последовательности. ; У статті аналізується історія кримінального законодавства Азербайджану щодо екологічних злочинів у хронологічному порядку. У статті досліджено місце та роль екологічних злочинів у Кримінальному кодексі Азербайджанської Республіки, а також створення, розвиток і формування історії національного кримінального законодавства. Надано широку інформацію про злочини та покарання в галузі екології, передбачені Кримінальним кодексом Республіки Азербайджан. У статті основну увагу приділено думці вчених, що вивчають формування національного кримінального законодавства Азербайджану та кримінально-виконавчої історії формування хронологічної послідовності.

Abstract. Statement of the problem. Currently in Ukraine there is a complex social and demographic situation related to the rovision of housing internally displaced persons from the zone of unstable political situation in the East of the country. One way of solving the acute housing problem may be the use of a residential mobile technologies. The functional-constructive solution of mobile housing must be designed, constructed, and operated based on the requirements of energy saving and environmental safety.Goal. Identify the features of the use of mobile housing in Ukraine based on the study of historical and contemporary experience. The analysis of publications. In research on mobility has dealt with such issues: the history of the development of mobile housing and mobile settlements)[4]; the experience of rapid response in the construction of housing for immigrants (after the Chernobyl disaster)[1]; the creation and transformation of mobile buildings and the appearance of the kinematic architecture)[5]; the principles of dynamic adaptation of architectural space to changes of environmental conditions and identify requirements for its formation ) [11]. It seems reasonable to study the use of mobile technologies living in modern Ukraine. Conclusions. Constructive and technological possibilities of mobile housing allow the use of its typological range to solve the housing problem in Ukraine, in particular to provide temporary housing for the displaced persons. ; Цель. Целью работы является изучение проблем приречных промышленных территорий в постиндустриальных городах. Были выявлены следующие задачи: оздоровление территории, исключение дыр в ткани города, включение данной территории в структуру города, ревитализация территории с помощью создания общественных пространств, восстановление экологического каркаса с помощью создания зеленых коридоров, сохранение экономической активности на основе промышленности, которая исторически сложилась и является характерной для города, развивая современные технологии, сохранение ...

The article deals with the issues of participation of Yakutia in the international scientific cooperation in the Arctic during the last decade of the 20th and the first years of the 21st century. The author describes the history of realization of the international initiatives for studying social and cultural transformations and challenges of life of Arctic Indigenous Peoples, studying natural phenomena and processes, as well as environmental protection in the Yakutia's Arctic and their main results on the basis of a set of archival documents, English- and Frenchlanguage materials. The author called the most important factors that determine the extent of joint research of Russian scientists and their foreign colleagues, identified the key participants (scientists from Great Britain, Germany, Canada, Russia, Finland, France and Japan), forms (collection of field data, its processing and laboratory analysis; provision of academic institutions of Yakutia, their research base, provision of special equipment for foreign partners; coordination of research and the exchange of the data obtained; organization of conferences and workshops; organization of protected areas; publication of research results), and mechanisms (organization of special structures to intensify and coordinate research; association of research through a unified methodology; elaboration of international programs and projects, taking into account the potential of the involved parties - financing, tools and staff) of international scientific cooperation development. (author's abstract)

The country's economy and its social sphere, including education and the formation of a person, are directly dependent on the possibilities of the social orientation of all creative and material forces. At the same time, regardless of the forms of management in a given territory, various public non-profit organizations and associations manifest themselves and can play an important role in improving the municipal government. The article examines some types of public organizations in the form of NGOs, which contributes to the manifestation of a sense of pride in their fellow countrymen, in history and nature, which the locality has presented. The observed changes in the number of inhabitants of rural areas in the direction of reduction, not exceeding the parameters of natural loss without the migratory component. The most important characteristics of the local community have been determined: population with an established history, way of life, traditions and accepted rules. It is shown that the activities and relationships of people have spatial and temporal dimensions associated with the boundaries of the interaction or the boundaries of the local community. Taking into account the domestic practices and experience of foreign countries, specific examples presented the possibility of a positive influence of a developed system of non-profit organizations on local authorities in order to solve such important issues for the population as: material and moral support and protection of citizens; overcoming the consequences of natural disasters, environmental, technological or other disasters; environmental protection and animal welfare; activities in the field of education, science, culture, health care, improving the moral and psychological state of citizens, physical culture and sports, promoting spiritual development of the individual; activities in the field of military-patriotic education of the younger generation. All this contributes to the strengthening of the role of local authorities and raising the status of municipalities, which has a positive effect on improving the efficiency of local government and improving the socio-economic environment. ; Экономика страны и ее социальная сфера, включая образование и формирование человека, находятся в прямой зависимости от возможностей социальной ориентации всех творческих и материальных сил. При этом, независимо от форм хозяйствования на данной территории, различные общественные некоммерческие организации и объединения проявляют себя и могут сыграть важную роль в деле совершенствования муниципального управления. В статье рассмотрены некоторые виды общественных организаций в виде НКО, которые способствуют проявлению чувства гордости за своих земляков, за историю и природу, которые подарила местность. Отмечены произошедшие изменения численности жителей сельских районов в сторону уменьшения, не превышающие параметров естественной убыли без миграционной составляющей. Определены важнейшие характеристики местного сообщества население со сложившейся историей, укладом жизни, традициями и принятыми правилами. Показано, что деятельность и взаимоотношения людей имеют пространственное и временное измерения, связанные с границами взаимодействия или границами местного сообщества. С учетом отечественных практик и опыта зарубежных стран на конкретных примерах представлена возможность положительного влияния развитой системы некоммерческих организаций на местные органы власти в целях решения таких важных для населения вопросов, как: материальная и моральная поддержка и защита граждан; преодоление последствий стихийных бедствий, экологических, техногенных или иных катастроф; охрана окружающей среды и защита животных; деятельность в области просвещения, науки, культуры, здравоохранения, улучшения морально-психологического состояния граждан, физической культуры и спорта, содействие духовному развитию личности; деятельность в сфере военно-патриотического воспитания молодого поколения. Всё это способствует упрочнению роли местных органов власти и повышению статуса муниципалитетов, что положительно сказывается на повышении эффективности местного управления и улучшении социально-экономической среды.

Waste printed circuit boards make a complex recyclable material containing 15-20% Cu, 0.005-0.03% Au, 0.03-0.29% Ag, and therefore they can be of potential interest for Russian non-ferrous metals industry. Even though waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) fall under the category of radio and electronic waste, its chemical composition and sources of origin differentiate such scrap from the standard radio and electronic waste, which mainly come from computer components and electronic devices designed for military application. The authors of this paper look at the aspects of WPCB generation and collection while drawing a comparison with foreign markets. They offer a supposition that Russia may be behind the developed regions (EU in the first place) in terms of the WPCB collection levels. Two approaches are offered on how to narrow the gap: on the basis of electronics and home appliances consumption history estimate how much scrap can be generated in theory; and consider the amount of electronic waste generated to estimate the potential generation of WPCB. The results of the study helped estimate the potential generation and collection of WPCB in Russia. The relevant collection coefficient was calculated on the basis of the analysis results. A comparison with the markets in the developed (Scandinavian) countries indicates that it wouldn't be impossible to scale up the WPCB collection and recycling in Russia. The authors conclude that the scrap collection can be increased. So far only a small amount of scrap has been recycled, and the most part of it is stored at solid waste landfills causing environmental pollution. © 2019, "Ore and Metals" Publishing house. All rights reserved.

Статья посвящена созданию эффективной институциональной системы устойчивого развития как важнейшему вопросу современной научной, политической и общественной повестки. Парадигма устойчивого развития была единодушно принята мировой общественностью несколько десятилетий назад, но тем не менее ни одна страна мира, в том числе и Россия, на сегодняшний день неимеет эффективной технологии достижения соответствующих целей. В статье раскрыто содержание термина устойчивое развитие, описаны предпосылки и краткая история формирования концепции устойчивого развития, выявлены основные проблемы практической реализации инструментов политики отдельных стран, в том числе России, по достижению целей устойчивого развития. Авторы проводят краткий анализ современных национальных стратегических документов по устойчивому развитию, разрабатывают рекомендации по применению инновационных подходов к реализации целей устойчивого развития в России, а также по обеспечению эффективных институциональных условий их практического осуществления. Особое внимание при этом уделяется кардинальной смене ценностной парадигмы общественного сознания, адекватному нормативно-правовому обеспечению и разработке комплексных индикаторов и критериев устойчивого развития. ; The article is devoted to the creation of an effective institutional system for sustainable development as the most important issue of the modern scientific, political and public agenda. Sustainable development paradigm was adopted by the world community by general consent several decades ago, but nevertheless not a single country in the world, including Russia, has an efficient technology to achieve the corresponding goals today. The article reveals the content of the definition sustainable development, describes the preconditions and a brief history of the operationalization of the sustainable development concept, identifies the main problems of the practical implementation of different countries policy instruments, including Russia, to achieve sustainable development goals. The authors conduct a brief analysis of modern national strategic documents on sustainable development, elaborate recommendations for the innovative approaches application to the sustainable development goals implementation in Russia, as well as for ensuring effective institutional conditions for their practical implementation. At the same time, special note taken of a radical change in the value paradigm of public consciousness, adequate regulatory support and the development of composite indicators and criteria for sustainable development.

The article analyzes the particularities of organic agriculture development in Russia and its geographical patterns. Unlike European countries, large investors were the first to develop organic agriculture in Russia; the main motives of these pioneers were related to issues of healthy food and, to a lesser extent, environmental or social issues. From the approach of theory of diffusion of innovations, the development of organic agriculture in Russia is in its early stages. Nevertheless, the number of farms and lands under organic agriculture is growing steadily, service industries and distribution channels are being formed, and an institutional environment in the form of associations and national legislation has been created. In the spatial distribution of organic enterprises, there is a dependence on natural conditions and the agrarian history of the territory. Processing enterprises tend to cluster in the Moscow region as the largest sales market. The possibilities of expanding organic agriculture in mountainous rural areas are considered. In the last sections authors discuss potential socio-ecological effects of organic agriculture for maintaining the resilience of rural areas in Russia. ; Анализируются специфика развития органического сельского хозяйства в России и географические закономерности этого процесса. В отличие от европейских стран импульс развитию отрасли в России изначально дали крупные инвесторы; главные мотивы пионеров были связаны с вопросами здорового питания, в меньшей степени − с экологическими или социальными проблемами. С позиций теории диффузии инноваций развитие органического сельского хозяйства находится на ранних стадиях, однако количество хозяйств и площади земель под органическим производством устойчиво растут, формируются обслуживающие отрасли и каналы сбыта, сформирована институциональная среда в виде отраслевых ассоциаций и национального законодательства. В размещении хозяйств разной специализации прослеживается зависимость от природных условий и аграрной истории территории и тяготение перерабатывающих предприятий к Москве как крупнейшему рынку сбыта. Рассматриваются возможности расширения органического сельского хозяйства в горных сельских районах и обсуждаются его потенциальные социально-экологические эффекты для поддержания резилиентности сельских территорий в России.

Introduction. The article presents the author's interpretation of the Kyrgyz-Chinese cooperation within the framework of "One Belt – One Way" (OBOW) strategy. On the basis of the studied materials, the author analyzes positive and negative factors and problems of implementing "One Belt – One Way" project between the two countries. The researcher pays particular attention to the prospects of the project in creating favorable conditions for close economic ties between the regions of the two countries that lie along the Silk Road.

Methods. The historical and legal, comparative and other methods form the theoretical and methodological basis of the article. The historiography of the issue – the consideration of Chinese "One Belt – One Way" strategy in the Kyrgyz Republic by foreign and Kyrgyz scientists and expert communities – is a direct object of the study.

Analysis. The activity of the Chinese OBOW initiative should be considered in the context of the integration of the Kyrgyz Republic into the world community, thereby determining its place and role, its political and legal system. Many Western and Russian scientists believe that the main tool for promoting the Chinese strategy in relations with partners is the provision of loans, which cannot but cause concern and discussion around the OBOW project. The main debatable dominants in the analysis of facts and analytics are investment, trade and economic, transport and infrastructure directions, and mining industry.

Results. The results of the study show that the potential areas for expanding the Chinese presence in Kyrgyzstan will remain transport and communications, mining, hydropower, etc. In Kyrgyzstan, the Chinese OBOW initiative is treated differently, there are a lot of positive and negative opinions concerning it. First, the OBOW project is perceived as a competitor to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in Eurasia. Second, the migration flows of Chinese citizens are increasing every year, the "Chinese demographic threat" is growing every year, and the people of Kyrgyzstan are concerned about this issue. Third, environmental safety, the safety of life and health of people, flora and fauna, the environment and others are also concerned. Fourth, the corruption of some Chinese companies creates a negative opinion of citizens.

The processes of the development of a market economy, entailing the commercialization in all spheres of social life, raise the question of the correlation between the role of human beings as economic subjects and our role as moral beings. In economics, this this issue is associated with the discussion about the way norms pervade economic theory, expressed in the dichotomy between holistic and individualistic methods. The scope of the influence of governmental bodies and large corporate structures on the socio-economic, cultural and natural environment highlights the philosophical problem of applying moral criteria to collective economic actors, which is reflected in the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The author, in this paper, opines that the question of introducing ethical principles into economic practice cannot be entirely resolved within the framework of economic theory and requires an appeal to moral philosophy. The problem of the correlation between the economic and the moral spheres is considered on the basis of V.S. Solovyov's work "The Justification of the Good". The principal economic ideas stated in this work are discussed in the context of assessments by past and present researchers, of economic history, and of philosophical and economic-managerial conceptions. The author presents a comparative analysis of V.S. Solovyov's ideas about the correlation between economics and morality and the principal ideas behind corporate social responsibility. The author reveals axiological and teleological differences between the two conceptions. Whereas V.S. Solovyov deals with moral and religious categories and notions of progress, the concept of corporate social responsibility is based on economic and legal priorities and is focused on sustainable development. At the same time, the similarities identified between the concepts (such as their complex nature, the acknowledgement of the role of moral principles of the economic participants, the importance of environmental issues and legal regulators) lead us to conclude about the possibility of their further convergence and the surmounting of the limitations of corporate social responsibility based on the teachings of V.S. Solovyov.

Рассматриваются вопросы обеспечения продовольственной безопасности страны как составной части экономической безопасности в переходной период, причем в этом процессе раскрыта роль экономических реформ, а также определены пути надежного снабжения населения продовольствием. Отдельно затрагиваются вопросы международного порядка, влияющие на производительность труда и потребление в различных регионах мира, а также возросшая угроза экологического загрязнения окружающей среды. Рассматривается также роль здесь демографического фактора и роль политических структур как внутри страны, так и международных, в формировании продовольственной безопасности в переходный период. ; Розглядаються питання забезпечення продовольчоїбезпеки країни як складової частини економічної безпекив перехідний період, причому в цьому процесі розкритороль економічних реформ, а також визначено шляхинадійного постачання населення продовольством. Окремозачіпаються питання міжнародного порядку, що впливаютьна продуктивність праці і споживання в різних регіонахсвіту, а також зросла загроза екологічного забрудненнянавколишнього середовища. Розглядається також рольтут демографічного чинника і роль політичних структуряк усередині країни, так і міжнародних, у формуванніпродовольчої безпеки в перехідний період. ; The article discusses the issues of food security as an integralpart of economic security in the transition period, and in theprocess revealed the role of economic reform, and the ways ofa reliable supply of food security. Separate addresses the issuesof the international order, affecting the productivity of laborand consumption in different regions of the world, as well as theincreasing threat of environmental pollution. We also considerthe role here of the demographic factor and the role of politicalstructures both within the country and international, in theformation of food security during the transitional period.Food problems associated with providing the basicfoundations of social development – human potential. Alongwith the natural conditions of the demographic factor is aprerequisite for the development and establishment of socialrelations. The history of social development shows that the foodfactor is one of the driving forces behind its development. Todayit is called the factor of resources. Clearly resources - is not onlyminerals but grocery potential. Not by chance in one of theworld's leading global problems is the problem of hunger, whichis caused not only by natural conditions, climate, landscape andso on, but also the management of social processes.

Russia was affected by a waste management crisis at a later point than developed countries, due to the fact that during Soviet times everyday consumption was limited by a shortage of goods. After our country made the transition to capitalism, especially during the years of abundance, Russia's population strived towards compensating the deprivation of the past by actively consuming goods with no regard for the affects on the environment. The reason for such behavior lies in the population's peculiar system of values, defined by our country's history. Meanwhile the government had been completely ignoring the need for developing a waste management system which would suit the people's new lifestyle. It is quite obvious that such a crisis was imminent. However, its nature came as a surprise to government and municipal management. Due to this fact, the decisions they make are very much flawed, and they do not contribute to stability in our society, but rather postpone the resolution of the issue in question. Actual change to the situation lies not at the end of a product's life cycle, but rather at its beginning. Which is why the experience of European nations must be taken into consideration, where they actively implement circular (cyclical) economy principles into social and economic activity. This means that goods can not only be purchased, but also repaired, reused, modernized, passed on or resold etc. In order to implement such actions, there is a need for specific infrastructure, with the internet being a key component of such. We are already witnessing the spontaneous advancement of sharing platforms, where people swap goods or give them away for free, but this is not enough. Similarly to centers of overconsumption such as the "Zimnyaya Vishnya" shopping mall, dispersed prosumerism platforms need to appear, where people would engage in the various stages of reproducing goods for personal or public use. Such public spaces would allow for developing activities which consolidate local communities and family groups, and which eliminate consumers' detachment from produced goods by means of developing an understanding of their content and their reproduction life cycle. One of the conditions or manifestations of transforming society's lifestyle would be a shift in city infrastructure, away from widespread centralized consumption. This would decrease the environmental and technological risks, as well as increase the population's living standards.

Цель. Целью данной статьи является анализ исторических, этнографических и философских материалов об экологической культуре народов Поволжья, что необходимо для определения сущности последней.Метод или методология проведения работы. В статье используются классические методы научного исследования: сравнительно-исторический, логический, ретроспективный, проблемно-хронологический и др. Кроме того, в исследовании находит отражение такой методологический прием, как критика источников об экологических взглядах народов Поволжья. По мысли М. Хайдеггера, данный метод включает «весь комплекс разыскания, сопоставления, проверки, оценки, хранения и истолкования источников». Критикуя различные текстовые источники по конкретной проблеме, исследователь занимает диалогическую позицию по отношению к их авторам, что позволяет ему стремиться к более объективным выводам.Результаты. Процесс изучения экологической культуры Поволжского региона можно разделить на три периода: этнографический – XIX – первая четверть XX вв.; технократический – 1930–1960-е гг.; экоориентированный – 1970–2000-е гг. Выделение обозначенных периодов обусловлено социальными и политическими преобразованиями, происходившие в России и, как следствие, повлиявшие на характер научных исследований Поволжья.Область применения результатов. Обращение к истории изучения экологической культуры народов Поволжья позволит систематизировать сведения о роли человека в региональной экосистеме. ; Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze the historical, ethnographic and philosophical materials about the ecological culture of the Volga region, which is necessary to determine the essence of the latter.Methodology. The article uses classical methods of scientific research: comparative-historical, logical, retrospective, problem-chronological, etc.In addition, the study reflects such a methodological technique as criticism of sources about the environmental views of the peoples of the Volga region. According to Martin Heidegger, this method includes "the whole complex of search, comparison, verification, evaluation, storage and interpretation of sources". Criticizing various text sources on a specific problem, the researcher takes a dialogical position in relation to their authors, which allows him to seek more objective conclusions.Results. The process of studying the ecological culture of the Volga region can be divided into three periods: ethnographic – XIX – the first quarter of the XX centuries; technocratic – 1930–1960-ies; eco-oriented – 1970–2000-ies.the Allocation of the designated periods is due to social and political transformations that took place in Russia and, as a consequence, influenced the nature of scientific research in the Volga region.Practical implications. An appeal to the history of the study of ecological culture of the peoples of the Volga region will systematize information about the role of man in the regional ecosystem.