Suchergebnisse

The omnipresent forest and the beginnings of the sugar industry -- Shipbuilding and the sugar industry, 1772@-1791 -- The struggle over private ownership of forests, 1792@-1815 -- Sugar and the absolute freedom to clear forests, 1815@-1876 -- Centralization of the sugar industry and the forests, 1876@-1898 -- North American capital and sugar's final assault on the forest, 1898@-1926 -- From forests to sugar : an insignificant change?

The contemporary environmental problem is present in the most diverse political, religions, governmental, cultural, and medical sceneries. Thus, the unchained process of environmental changes constitutes, on the authors' viewpoint, the chief ingredient of environmental history and its object of study. It is indispensable to break down the one-way approaches in the analysis of man-society-nature relationship that, in a general way, point out to natural science. It is necessary to integrate what is historical guided to re-think the social and economic processes of the future as a revitalizing aspect of this relationship´s evolution, since the dynamics of the ecosystems and the impacts received by man activity. For this reason, this article constitutes an attempt to approach the environmental history in the wood resource in Manzanillo during the XIX century. ; La problemática ambiental contemporánea está presente en los más disímiles escenarios políticos, religiosos, gubernamentales, culturales, médicos, entre otros. Por tanto, el proceso de cambios ambientales desencadenado por tal situación constituye, según juicio de los autores, el ingrediente fundamental de la historia ambiental y el sustento de su objeto de estudio. Al respecto resulta vital romper con enfoques unidireccionales en el análisis de la relación hombre-sociedad-naturaleza, que de manera general apuntan hacia las Ciencias Naturales. Es necesario integrar lo histórico orientado a repensar los procesos económicos y sociales del futuro, como aspecto dinamizador de la evolución de esta relación, dada la dinámica de los ecosistemas y los impactos recibidos por la actividad antrópica. Por tal razón el presente artículo, constituye un intento de acercamiento a la historia ambiental en el recurso forestal, en el siglo XIX en Manzanillo.

On a recurrent basis, governments and the media when analyzing and discussing issues related to rivers - such as floods, droughts, urban supply management and agricultural irrigation - pour deterministic interpretations, by the way they visualize the action of the hydrological cycle on the society. Hence, this study proposes to contribute to these discussions by relating two approaches that have dealt with diachronically studying the transformation of the relationship between society and nature with an emphasis on water; on the one hand, the environmental history and on the other, the research on the so-called hydrosocial cycle. It was reviewed some problems addressed in both approaches, with their concerns and coincidences and the theoretical tools that can provide us to generate more balanced analyzes of the historical transformations in the link between specific societies and water. ; De forma recurrente gobiernos y medios de comunicación, al analizar y discutir cuestiones asociadas a los ríos -cómo inundaciones, sequías, gestión de la provisión urbana y riego agrícola- vierten interpretaciones deterministas, por la forma en que visualizan la acción del ciclo hidrológico sobre la sociedad. En este artículo nos proponemos aportar a estas discusiones poniendo en relación dos abordajes que se han ocupado de estudiar diacrónicamente la transformación de la relación sociedad/naturaleza con énfasis en el agua; por un lado, la historia ambiental y por el otro las investigaciones en torno al llamado ciclo hidrosocial. Repasamos algunas problemáticas abordadas en ambos enfoques, con sus preocupaciones y coincidencias y las herramientas teóricas que nos pueden proporcionar para generar análisis mas equilibrados de las transformaciones históricas en el vínculo de sociedades específicas y el agua.

The Gulf of California (GoC) is the only sea in the world managed by a single nation. It has 49% of the Mexican coastline and 50% of the national island territory. It is one of the five marine ecosystems with the highest productivity and biodiversity on the planet. In 2005, its protected natural areas were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list and possess numerous Ramsar Sites. It produces 70% of the national fisheries and its scenic beauty supports a diverse tourism industry. Faced with so many wonders, the historical reality of these region contrasts with the asymmetry of economic and political power since the 16th century. Its natural resources and its inhabitants have been exploited, with severe socio-ecological costs. This methodological proposal intends to make environmental history a tool for territorial redefinition and a tool for the fight for communities' autonomy in the GoC. The collective construction of multiactoral and intercultural historical knowledge explores a collaborative way of making history from the sharing of different voices that provide an approach to their realities and that, in addition, enriches the knowledge around the biocultural diversity and socio-ecological problems of the GoC. It also makes visible the efforts of actors, communities and organizations that are struggling to break this asymmetry of power. To contextualize the need to make another story, first we synthetically present the story of the asymmetry of the GoC. In the second part we explain the two stages that support this proposal of collective and from below historiography that vindicates identity, strengthens roots and legitimizes the struggles in defense of our sea. ; El golfo de California (GdC) es el único mar en el mundo gestionado por una sola nación. Posee 49% de los litorales mexicanos y 50% del territorio insular nacional. Es uno de los cinco ecosistemas marinos con mayor productividad y biodiversidad del planeta. En 2005, sus áreas naturales protegidas fueron inscritas en la lista de Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la UNESCO y alberga numerosos Sitios Ramsar. Produce 70% de la pesca nacional y su belleza paisajística sustenta una variada industria turística. Ante tantas maravillas contrasta la realidad histórica de una región en la que desde el siglo XVI prevalece la asimetría del poder económico y político. Se han explotado sus recursos y habitantes con severos costos socioecológicos. La propuesta metodológica que presentamos tiene la intención de hacer de la historia ambiental una herramienta para la resignificación territorial y la lucha por la autonomía de las comunidades del GdC. La construcción colectiva, multiactoral e intercultural, del conocimiento histórico explora una forma de hacer historia a partir de distintas voces que brindan un acercamiento a sus realidades, enriqueciendo el conocimiento en torno a la diversidad biocultural y las problemáticas socioecológicas del GdC. También permite visibilizar los esfuerzos de actores, comunidades y organizaciones que luchan por romper con esa asimetría del poder. Para contextualizar la necesidad de hacer otra historia, primero presentamos sintéticamente la historia de la asimetría del GdC. En el segundo apartado explicamos las dos etapas que sustentan esta propuesta de historiografía colectiva y desde abajo que reivindica la identidad, fortalece el arraigo y legitima las luchas en defensa de Nuestro mar.

The Cañadas Avellanal and Taniperlas in 24 years went through a process of structural change that differentiated and modified them in their processes of territorial appropriation and land use. Between the 80-90s it was the productive specialization and the ELZN. Today (2018) they are the autonomous regime with Earth Theology and the conservationist with environmental policies. In these transitions, forests and jungles have been reduced 30.31% and 46.47% respectively. This article aims to explain the socio-environmental history of Avellanal and Taniperlas, and the social relationships in which the change in the landscape is expressed, through participant observation, field trips, interviews and meetings with key subjects, documentary review and satellite images. Three historical periods are observed where changes in the landscape are mainly explained by sociopolitical dynamics after the EZLN, more than for other reasons. 1.- Critical period of environmental deterioration, social destructuring, political-ideological dispute and the struggle for the leadership of Las Cañadas (1995-2001), 2.- Reconfiguration and political differentiations that seek to coexist (2002-2011) and 3.- Decline of common use areas in ejidos, land distribution, deforestation and intermittent migration (2012-2018). In each temporality the ecological and social processes were defined that, in continuous agreement, marked the evolution of the socio-environmental history of the regions and express the current landscape. Therefore, changes in the landscape are not unicausal, nor linear, but generally occur within the framework of social relations (at different scales) and in the social organizational capacity in the face of social and environmental conditions. The regional context in this case becomes relevant and its consideration is necessary in the elaboration of rural development proposals. ; Las Cañadas Avellanal y Taniperlas en 24 años pasaron por un proceso de cambio estructural que las fueron diferenciando y modificando en sus procesos de apropiación territorial y de uso de la tierra. Entre los 80-90 fue la especialización productiva y el ELZN. Hoy (2018) son el régimen autónomo con la Teología de la Tierra y el conservacionista con las políticas ambientales. En estas transiciones, los bosques y selvas se han reducido 30.31% y 46.47% respectivamente. Este artículo pretende explicar la historia socioambiental de Avellanal y Taniperlas, y las relaciones sociales en las que el cambio en el paisaje se expresa, mediante observación participante, recorridos de campo, entrevistas y reuniones con sujetos clave, revisión documental e imágenes satelitales. Se observan tres periodos históricos donde los cambios en el paisaje son explicados principalmente por las dinámicas sociopolíticas posteriores al EZLN, más que por otras razones. 1.- Periodo crítico de deterioro ambiental, desestructuración social, disputa político-ideológica y la lucha por la dirección de las Cañadas (1995-2001), 2.- Reconfiguración y diferenciaciones políticas que procuran coexistir (2002-2011) y 3.- Declinación de las áreas de uso común en los ejidos, reparto de tierras, deforestación y migración intermitente (2012-2018). En cada temporalidad se fueron definiendo los procesos ecológicos y sociales que, en continua concordancia, marcaron el devenir de la historia socioambiental de las regiones y expresan el paisaje actual. Por lo tanto, los cambios en el paisaje no son unicausales, ni lineales, pero generalmente ocurren en el marco de las relaciones sociales (en diferentes escalas) y en la capacidad organizativa social ante las condiciones sociales y ambientales. El contexto regional en este caso cobra relevancia y su consideración es necesaria en la elaboración de propuestas de desarrollo rural.

This article proposes the integration of imaginary and the environment in the study of the economy with the aim of understanding the transformation of elements of nature into not only economic resources but also competitive products on the global market. This takes as an example tourism in the Pyrenees between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century; in other words, during the first century of the long history of an icon of western modernity, contemporary and particularly persistent, in a mountainous massif that was pioneering in this area. Paying particular attention to the actors involved in the commercialisation of the Pyrenean environment, this article shows the early nature of tourism planning and the importance of some of the actions in this area on the French side. It also points to the growth in revenues from this activity and analyses the cross-border spread of certain profits and, above all, of certain effects on the ecosystem induced by the tourism economy. The Spanish side, which was at first sight lagging behind, was part of the attractiveness of the Pyrenees as a border ridge that gave way to Spain, conceived in the 19th century as a nearby cultural and natural East. ; International audience ; This article proposes the integration of imaginary and the environment in the study of the economy with the aim of understanding the transformation of elements of nature into not only economic resources but also competitive products on the global market. This takes as an example tourism in the Pyrenees between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century; in other words, during the first century of the long history of an icon of western modernity, contemporary and particularly persistent, in a mountainous massif that was pioneering in this area. Paying particular attention to the actors involved in the commercialisation of the Pyrenean environment, this article shows the early nature of tourism planning and the importance of some of the actions in this area on ...

This communication proposes firstly, a revisit- in line with the contri-butions of Environmental History- to the classic interpretation of historical pro-cesses of the first half of the 19th century in the River Plate Basin, with emphasis on socio-agrarian systems and their relationship with the emergence of forms of political organization that would give way to the laborious and conflictive process of formation of National States, spanning much of that century. Possibilities and challenges of adding to the environment as a historical subject are analyzed, in a concrete space and temporality based on the centrality of a typical form of agrarian production that is the River Plate's ranche, which for a long time shaped the social, political and cultural relations of the societies in the region and continue projecting themselves in the present, largely resignified, composing transnational territorial identities. Secondly, an institutional and pedagogical contextualization of such challenges is proposed based on the experience in teaching Latin American Rural and Agrarian History in the Postgraduate Program in "Ensino da História e da América Latina" of the Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-americana (UNILA), Brazil. Through the bibliographic review, it is verified that the "greening" of these epistemological area is still a possibility to be developed, regarding the topics and period considered here, but with great potential to renew and autonomize the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the mentioned disciplines. ; Esta comunicação propõe-se, em primeiro lugar, uma revisão de acordo com as contribuições da História Ambiental, para a interpretação clássica dos processos históricos da primeira metade do século XIX na Bacia do Prata, com ênfase nos sistemas sócio agrários e suas relações com o surgimento de formas de organização política que dariam lugar ao processo laborioso e conflitivo de formação dos Estados Nacionais, que se estendeu por grande parte daquele século. As possibilidades e os desafios ...

A development model, to be such, must consider meeting the needs of the community, ensuring a decent life, in which the goal should be to provide maximum comfort and happiness possible, facilitating the habitability of the territories in healthy living and harmony with nature. This must be the crux of the debate address the socio-environmental problems caused by the so-called locomotive of progress, in the case of Antioquia (Colombia) East, however development plans or solutions show no real expectation of the community.

El Siglo XX fue para la isla de San Andrés un periodo de profundos cambios económicos, políticos y sociales, desencadenados a partir de su Declaratoria como Puerto Libre en el año 1953. En este momento el Gobierno Nacional colombiano inicia la implementación de una serie de políticas de desarrollo que evidencian su incomprensión de este tan peculiar territorio insular, y a la vez sacrifican las relaciones construidas durante años entre la población y el frágil entorno natural, a tal punto que hoy son interpretadas por los isleños como motor de decadencia cultural y ambiental. En este contexto, la declaración en el año 2000 del Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina como Reserva de la Biosfera por parte del Programa Man And Biosphere (MAB) de las Naciones Unidas, puede leerse como respuesta reivindicatoria por parte de la comunidad insular de la histórica relación con su territorio, de la cual el agua es pieza fundamental. / Abstract The twentieth century was for the island of San Andres a period of deep economic, political and social changes, triggered from its declaration as a free port in 1953. At this time the Colombian Government began implementing a series of development policies that demonstrate its lack of understanding of this peculiar island territory while sacrificing the relationships built over years between the population and the fragile natural environment, to the point that today are being interpreted by the islanders as an engine of cultural and environmental decadence. In this context, the declaration of the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina as a Biosphere Reserve by the Man and Biosphere Program (MAB), United Nations in the year 2000, can be read as a demanding response of the islander community for the historic relationship with its territory, from which water is fundamental. ; Maestría

Legal and political ownership of nature as well as justice and socio-environmental conflict are two borderline issues in the political economy in full international debate. Beyond the classic texts of environmental history that have a political background, the authors need the definition and boundaries of 'socio-environmental inequalities'. They point to the need to analyse them on multiple scales and consider that they only make sense from a human and social point of view, not only reducing them to the distribution of goods and environmental damage (distributional ecological conflicts). There is a need to place politics at the heart of the reflection, in order to be able to integrate it directly with urban planning. ; International audience ; Legal and political ownership of nature as well as justice and socio-environmental conflict are two borderline issues in the political economy in full international debate. Beyond the classic texts of environmental history that have a political background, the authors need the definition and boundaries of 'socio-environmental inequalities'. They point to the need to analyse them on multiple scales and consider that they only make sense from a human and social point of view, not only reducing them to the distribution of goods and environmental damage (distributional ecological conflicts). There is a need to place politics at the heart of the reflection, in order to be able to integrate it directly with urban planning. ; La apropiación jurídico-política de la naturaleza además de la justicia y el conflicto socioambiental son dos temas fronterizos en economía política en pleno debate internacional. Mas allá de los textos clásicos de historia ambiental cuyo trasfondo es político, las autoras precisan la definición y fronteras de las « desigualdades socioambientales ». Exponen la necesidad de analizarlas a escalas múltiples y consideran que solo tienen sentido desde el punto de vista humano y social, no reduciéndolas únicamente a la distribución de bienes y perjuicios ...

The objective of entangled history and the environment is to introduce climatic and other environmental factors into the postcolonial debate on the unequal power relations between the metropolis and its colonies. Dealing with both environment and empire, as well as unequal (colonial) power relations, has so far largely occurred in separate fields, environmental history, and postcolonial studies. The book attempts to bring the two strands together and to combine the conceptual perspective of intertwined history and comparative practices in order to highlight both material and constructed (or discursive) aspects of the environment as a factor in the formation of unequal (colonial) power relations. Two case studies are conducted through this conceptual lens. The first offers a new perspective on Christopher Columbus' first contact with the Arawak in Hispaniola in 1492. The second examines how climate became an argument for enslaving Africans and displacing them to sugar plantations in the Caribbean.

Augusto Ángel Maya, nacido en Manizales en 1932, Doctor en Historia de la Universidad Gregoriana de Roma y Doctor Honoris Causa en Educación Ambiental de la Universidad Guadalajara de México, es uno de los pensadores más sobresalientes del emergente pensamiento ambiental en Colombia. Desde su trabajo como profesor, funcionario de instituciones del Estado y de organismos internacionales, ha contribuido de manera notable a la consolidación del pensamiento y movimiento ambiental colombiano en los últimos 40 años. Sus aportes se pueden sintetizar en dos: la reflexión teórica y conceptual para entender lo ambiental desde una perspectiva política, social y cultural; y la creación de herramientas de trabajo político como la educación ambiental y el impulso a la organización nacional del Movimiento Ambiental MA. Este trabajo sintetiza parte de este legado.ABSTRACTAugusto Ángel Maya was born in Manizales in 1932, with a doctorate in History from the Gregorian University of Rome and Honoris Causa Doctorate in Environmental Education from the Guadalajara University of Mexico. He's one of the most important thinkers of the emergent environmental thought in Colombia. From his work as a professor, as an official of governmental institutions and international organisms, he's contributed to the consolidation of the environmental thought and movement in Colombia for the past 40 years. His contributions can be synthesized in two: theoretical and conceptual reflection in order to understand the environmental issues from a political, social and cultural perspective; and the creation of political work tools, such as environmental education and the support of the national organization of Environmental Movement MA. This work synthesizes part of this legacy. ; Augusto Ángel Maya, nacido en Manizales en 1932, Doctor en Historia de la Universidad Gregoriana de Roma y Doctor Honoris Causa en Educación Ambiental de la Universidad Guadalajara de México, es uno de los pensadores más sobresalientes del emergente pensamiento ambiental en Colombia. Desde su trabajo como profesor, funcionario de instituciones del Estado y de organismos internacionales, ha contribuido de manera notable a la consolidación del pensamiento y movimiento ambiental colombiano en los últimos 40 años. Sus aportes se pueden sintetizar en dos: la reflexión teórica y conceptual para entender lo ambiental desde una perspectiva política, social y cultural; y la creación de herramientas de trabajo político como la educación ambiental y el impulso a la organización nacional del Movimiento Ambiental MA. Este trabajo sintetiza parte de este legado.ABSTRACTAugusto Ángel Maya was born in Manizales in 1932, with a doctorate in History from the Gregorian University of Rome and Honoris Causa Doctorate in Environmental Education from the Guadalajara University of Mexico. He's one of the most important thinkers of the emergent environmental thought in Colombia. From his work as a professor, as an official of governmental institutions and international organisms, he's contributed to the consolidation of the environmental thought and movement in Colombia for the past 40 years. His contributions can be synthesized in two: theoretical and conceptual reflection in order to understand the environmental issues from a political, social and cultural perspective; and the creation of political work tools, such as environmental education and the support of the national organization of Environmental Movement MA. This work synthesizes part of this legacy.

Augusto Ángel Maya, nacido en Manizales en 1932, Doctor en Historia de la Universidad Gregoriana de Roma y Doctor Honoris Causa en Educación Ambiental de la Universidad Guadalajara de México, es uno de los pensadores más sobresalientes del emergente pensamiento ambiental en Colombia. Desde su trabajo como profesor, funcionario de instituciones del Estado y de organismos internacionales, ha contribuido de manera notable a la consolidación del pensamiento y movimiento ambiental colombiano en los últimos 40 años. Sus aportes se pueden sintetizar en dos: la reflexión teórica y conceptual para entender lo ambiental desde una perspectiva política, social y cultural; y la creación de herramientas de trabajo político como la educación ambiental y el impulso a la organización nacional del Movimiento Ambiental MA. Este trabajo sintetiza parte de este legado.ABSTRACTAugusto Ángel Maya was born in Manizales in 1932, with a doctorate in History from the Gregorian University of Rome and Honoris Causa Doctorate in Environmental Education from the Guadalajara University of Mexico. He's one of the most important thinkers of the emergent environmental thought in Colombia. From his work as a professor, as an official of governmental institutions and international organisms, he's contributed to the consolidation of the environmental thought and movement in Colombia for the past 40 years. His contributions can be synthesized in two: theoretical and conceptual reflection in order to understand the environmental issues from a political, social and cultural perspective; and the creation of political work tools, such as environmental education and the support of the national organization of Environmental Movement MA. This work synthesizes part of this legacy. ; Augusto Ángel Maya, nacido en Manizales en 1932, Doctor en Historia de la Universidad Gregoriana de Roma y Doctor Honoris Causa en Educación Ambiental de la Universidad Guadalajara de México, es uno de los pensadores más sobresalientes del emergente pensamiento ambiental en Colombia. Desde su trabajo como profesor, funcionario de instituciones del Estado y de organismos internacionales, ha contribuido de manera notable a la consolidación del pensamiento y movimiento ambiental colombiano en los últimos 40 años. Sus aportes se pueden sintetizar en dos: la reflexión teórica y conceptual para entender lo ambiental desde una perspectiva política, social y cultural; y la creación de herramientas de trabajo político como la educación ambiental y el impulso a la organización nacional del Movimiento Ambiental MA. Este trabajo sintetiza parte de este legado.ABSTRACTAugusto Ángel Maya was born in Manizales in 1932, with a doctorate in History from the Gregorian University of Rome and Honoris Causa Doctorate in Environmental Education from the Guadalajara University of Mexico. He's one of the most important thinkers of the emergent environmental thought in Colombia. From his work as a professor, as an official of governmental institutions and international organisms, he's contributed to the consolidation of the environmental thought and movement in Colombia for the past 40 years. His contributions can be synthesized in two: theoretical and conceptual reflection in order to understand the environmental issues from a political, social and cultural perspective; and the creation of political work tools, such as environmental education and the support of the national organization of Environmental Movement MA. This work synthesizes part of this legacy.

La presente investigación se realizó siguiendo el método arqueológico-genealógico propuesto por Michel Foucault. Así, se construyó el archivo del discurso ambiental que circuló a finales del Siglo XX, a partir de una extensa búsqueda en fuentes primarias que incluyó periódicos, libros escolares, lineamientos curriculares y legislación; lo cual permitió develar que la emergencia del discurso ambiental en la escuela, bajo el nombre de Educación Ambiental, se dio desde la tensión entre diversas fuerzas de tipo económico, político y social, ejercidas por instancias gubernamentales, educativas, internacionales y la sociedad civil. ; The present investigation was carried out following the archaeological-genealogical method proposed by Michel Foucault. Thus built the archive of the environmental dis- course that circulated at the end of the 20th century, based on an extensive search in sources elementary schools that included newspapers, school books, curricular guidelines and legislation; which allowed to re- veal that the emergence of the environmental discourse at school, under the name of Environmental Education, arose from the tension between various economic, political and social forces, exercised by governmental, educational, international bodies and civil society.

The historiography on World War II in Puerto Rico brings different analyses on political, economic, military, and geographical topics. However, the environmental history analysis of the impact of policies established by the U.S. government on the island during this period has been meager. The implementation of new policies for military security purposes between 1939 and 1945 also brought an alteration of the island natural landscape that impacted large areas of the topography of the Puerto Rican archipelago. Thanks to a new paradigm in environmental historiography, the environmental effects of wars at the global level have been considered and in turn creates the conditions for reflection on the issue in comparing scenarios. That is why this essay aims to add the environmental analysis in a preliminary way to continue the study on this war and its effects. In addition, we tried to expose the historiographic changes that took place in the middle of the twentieth century in the middle of the Second War and under the Cold War in the Puerto Rican academy. But above all, it seeks to continue including the island to contemporary historiographic debates in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. ; La historiografía sobre la Segunda Guerra Mundial en Puerto Rico contiene análisis políticos, económicos, militares y geográficos. Sin embargo, el análisis histórico ambiental sobre el impacto de las políticas establecidas por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos en la Isla durante ese periodo ha sido exiguos. La implementación de nuevas políticas con fines de seguridad militar desde el 1939 hasta 1945, acarreó además una alteración del paisaje natural isleño que impactó grandes áreas de la topografía del archipiélago puertorriqueño. Gracias a un nuevo paradigma en la historiografía ambiental se ha tomado en consideración los efectos ambientales de las guerras a nivel global y a su vez, crea las condiciones para una reflexión sobre el asunto a manera de comparar y contrastar escenarios. Es por esa razón que, este ensayo aspira a ...