Suchergebnisse

The European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme and the ISO 14001 environmental management standard are currently getting widely adopted by firms. This research shows that the diffusion represents a significant step of the environmental management rationalisation (in firms). This phenomenon gets benefit from the very wide diffusion of quality assurance's standards. The latests' principles are being transposed to environment by means of environmental management schemes. Indeed the application of those standards relies on competencies acquired by industrial organisations regarding quality management : activity's formalisation, management tools, transversal management. However, the " extension " of the quality assurance to new applications fields take a specific meaning in regard of the current evolution of environmental issues. In fact, environmental management schemes contribute to the emergence of a negociated regulation of environment. A higher competency of the industrialists, the involvment into an innovation and permanent improvement's dynamic as well as the investment into management tools allow the firms to be an actor of this negociated regulation. ; Les référentiels de " management environnemental ", le Règlement Européen Éco-audit et la norme ISO 14001, connaissent aujourd'hui une large diffusion auprès des entreprises. La thèse montre que cette diffusion constitue une étape significative de la rationalisation de la gestion de l'environnement dans l'industrie. Certes, ce phénomène hérite de la très large diffusion des normes d'assurance de la qualité. En effet, les référentiels de management environnemental transposent à l'environnement les principes de ces dernières. Aussi, la mise en oeuvre de ces référentiels s'appuie-t-elle sur les compétences acquises par les organisations industrielles en matière de gestion de la qualité : formalisation des activités, instrumentation de gestion, gestion transversale. Cependant, cette " extension " du champ d'application de l'assurance qualité prend un sens ...

The European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme and the ISO 14001 environmental management standard are currently getting widely adopted by firms. This research shows that the diffusion represents a significant step of the environmental management rationalisation (in firms). This phenomenon gets benefit from the very wide diffusion of quality assurance's standards. The latests' principles are being transposed to environment by means of environmental management schemes. Indeed the application of those standards relies on competencies acquired by industrial organisations regarding quality management : activity's formalisation, management tools, transversal management. However, the " extension " of the quality assurance to new applications fields take a specific meaning in regard of the current evolution of environmental issues. In fact, environmental management schemes contribute to the emergence of a negociated regulation of environment. A higher competency of the industrialists, the involvment into an innovation and permanent improvement's dynamic as well as the investment into management tools allow the firms to be an actor of this negociated regulation. ; Les référentiels de " management environnemental ", le Règlement Européen Éco-audit et la norme ISO 14001, connaissent aujourd'hui une large diffusion auprès des entreprises. La thèse montre que cette diffusion constitue une étape significative de la rationalisation de la gestion de l'environnement dans l'industrie. Certes, ce phénomène hérite de la très large diffusion des normes d'assurance de la qualité. En effet, les référentiels de management environnemental transposent à l'environnement les principes de ces dernières. Aussi, la mise en oeuvre de ces référentiels s'appuie-t-elle sur les compétences acquises par les organisations industrielles en matière de gestion de la qualité : formalisation des activités, instrumentation de gestion, gestion transversale. Cependant, cette " extension " du champ d'application de l'assurance qualité prend un sens particulier au regard de l'évolution actuelle des enjeux environnementaux. En effet, les référentiels de management environnemental participent à l'émergence d'une régulation négociée de l'environnement. Une plus grande compétence de l'industriel, l'engagement dans une dynamique d'innovation et d'amélioration permanente et l'investissement dans une instrumentation de gestion lui permettent d'être acteur de cette régulation négociée.

This report is the product of a comprehensive study on Benin. It highlights the country s geographical and economic situation and concentrates in particular on environmental conditions and the challenges facing Benin. This report covers the financing of priority environmental activities, as well as allocations to programs designed to improve the environment and living conditions of the population. The environmental analysis of Benin seeks to help the Government integrate the environment into policy formulation by analyzing cross-cutting aspects and the challenges of implementing sound environmental management, and creating a platform for strengthening the country s capacities in order to facilitate sustainable natural resource and environmental management. To this end, a number of measures have been recommended, among them the establishment of effective policies and institutions based on sound governance and improved effectiveness, and the mobilization of financing for environmental protection and natural resource management. The study includes the analysis of a case study on three cities: Porto-Novo, Cotonou, and Parakou, and examines the impact of environmental problems and environmental management challenges on these cities.

Ce travail de recherche s'est attaché à retracer la généalogie de la norme ISO 14001. Celle-ci semble avoir émergé du croisement de trois champs d'action, à un moment bien particulier de leur évolution: le champ des politiques environnementales publiques, le champ de la normalisation technique et le champ des sciences de gestion. Cette mise en perspective spocio-historique permet de dénaturaliser un dispositif alors même que sa rapide diffusion le rend de plus en plus indiscutable, et de comprendre comment la norme ISO 14001 organise les relations entre ces trois champs d'action distincts.

This thesis intends to highlight, thanks to a longitudinal study, a double paradox between union, management and environment. The process that has enabled unions and more precisely confederations to gain legitimacy about environmental issues since the 1970's was reconstructed based on trade-union archives. In reply to the absurdities of society and owing to the responsibility for the employees they defend, confederations set up union environmental policies. These policies, despite being irregular, are a support to activist actions to protect jobs, working conditions (health, safety) and personal life conditions of workers. Their expertise, partly outshined by other powerful actors, allows them to often be proactive with institutional decision-makers especially in order to have a legal framework favourable to a dialogue concerning the environment. That's how they participated in the creation of the first sustainable development report in 2001. Beyond the construction of a union history, this thesis contributes to the definition of the concept of participation in management and environmental management (Richard, 2012). ; Cette thèse vise à éclairer à partir d'une étude longitudinale un double paradoxe entre syndicat, gestion et environnement. Nous reconstituons à partir d'archives syndicales le processus qui a permis aux syndicats et plus précisément aux confédérations d'acquérir une légitimité sur les problèmes environnementaux à partir des années 1970. En réponse aux absurdités de la société et du fait de leur responsabilité vis-à-vis des salariés qu'elles défendent, elles mettent en place des politiques syndicales environnementales qui bien qu'irrégulières permettent un appui à l'action des militants pour la préservation des emplois, des conditions de vie des salariés dans l'entreprise (santé, sécurité) et hors de l'entreprise. Leur expertise en partie éclipsée par le jeu des acteurs en force autour d'elles les autorise à être régulièrement force de proposition auprès des décideurs institutionnels notamment ...

This thesis intends to highlight, thanks to a longitudinal study, a double paradox between union, management and environment. The process that has enabled unions and more precisely confederations to gain legitimacy about environmental issues since the 1970's was reconstructed based on trade-union archives. In reply to the absurdities of society and owing to the responsibility for the employees they defend, confederations set up union environmental policies. These policies, despite being irregular, are a support to activist actions to protect jobs, working conditions (health, safety) and personal life conditions of workers. Their expertise, partly outshined by other powerful actors, allows them to often be proactive with institutional decision-makers especially in order to have a legal framework favourable to a dialogue concerning the environment. That's how they participated in the creation of the first sustainable development report in 2001. Beyond the construction of a union history, this thesis contributes to the definition of the concept of participation in management and environmental management (Richard, 2012). ; Cette thèse vise à éclairer à partir d'une étude longitudinale un double paradoxe entre syndicat, gestion et environnement. Nous reconstituons à partir d'archives syndicales le processus qui a permis aux syndicats et plus précisément aux confédérations d'acquérir une légitimité sur les problèmes environnementaux à partir des années 1970. En réponse aux absurdités de la société et du fait de leur responsabilité vis-à-vis des salariés qu'elles défendent, elles mettent en place des politiques syndicales environnementales qui bien qu'irrégulières permettent un appui à l'action des militants pour la préservation des emplois, des conditions de vie des salariés dans l'entreprise (santé, sécurité) et hors de l'entreprise. Leur expertise en partie éclipsée par le jeu des acteurs en force autour d'elles les autorise à être régulièrement force de proposition auprès des décideurs institutionnels notamment ...

National audience ; What is the relationship between environmental policies and New Public Management? More specifically, to what extent are these policies currently structured by neo-managerial reforms and principles? These questions provide the common thread running through this special issue, which brings together four original contribution on the French case. In this introductory article, we first propose an overview of New Public Management and environmental policies in France, before briefly reviewing the literature on the effects of New Public Management on environmental policies. We then present the main contributions of the texts that make up this volume. Finally, we bring some elements of reflection on what the New Public Management changes to environmental policies. ; Quels rapports les politiques environnementales entretiennent-elles avec le New Public Management ? Plus précisément, en quoi ces politiques sont-elles désormais structurées par les réformes et les principes néo-managériaux ? La question constitue le fil rouge de ce numéro spécial, qui rassemble quatre contributions originales sur le cas français. Dans cet article introductif, nous dressons un panorama du New Public Management et des politiques environnementales en France, avant de passer en revue la littérature sur les effets du New Public Management sur les politiques environnementales. Nous présentons ensuite les principaux apports des textes qui constituent ce volume. Nous apportons enfin quelques éléments de réflexion sur ce que change le New Public Management aux politiques environnementales.

National audience ; What is the relationship between environmental policies and New Public Management? More specifically, to what extent are these policies currently structured by neo-managerial reforms and principles? These questions provide the common thread running through this special issue, which brings together four original contribution on the French case. In this introductory article, we first propose an overview of New Public Management and environmental policies in France, before briefly reviewing the literature on the effects of New Public Management on environmental policies. We then present the main contributions of the texts that make up this volume. Finally, we bring some elements of reflection on what the New Public Management changes to environmental policies. ; Quels rapports les politiques environnementales entretiennent-elles avec le New Public Management ? Plus précisément, en quoi ces politiques sont-elles désormais structurées par les réformes et les principes néo-managériaux ? La question constitue le fil rouge de ce numéro spécial, qui rassemble quatre contributions originales sur le cas français. Dans cet article introductif, nous dressons un panorama du New Public Management et des politiques environnementales en France, avant de passer en revue la littérature sur les effets du New Public Management sur les politiques environnementales. Nous présentons ensuite les principaux apports des textes qui constituent ce volume. Nous apportons enfin quelques éléments de réflexion sur ce que change le New Public Management aux politiques environnementales.

National audience ; What is the relationship between environmental policies and New Public Management? More specifically, to what extent are these policies currently structured by neo-managerial reforms and principles? These questions provide the common thread running through this special issue, which brings together four original contribution on the French case. In this introductory article, we first propose an overview of New Public Management and environmental policies in France, before briefly reviewing the literature on the effects of New Public Management on environmental policies. We then present the main contributions of the texts that make up this volume. Finally, we bring some elements of reflection on what the New Public Management changes to environmental policies. ; Quels rapports les politiques environnementales entretiennent-elles avec le New Public Management ? Plus précisément, en quoi ces politiques sont-elles désormais structurées par les réformes et les principes néo-managériaux ? La question constitue le fil rouge de ce numéro spécial, qui rassemble quatre contributions originales sur le cas français. Dans cet article introductif, nous dressons un panorama du New Public Management et des politiques environnementales en France, avant de passer en revue la littérature sur les effets du New Public Management sur les politiques environnementales. Nous présentons ensuite les principaux apports des textes qui constituent ce volume. Nous apportons enfin quelques éléments de réflexion sur ce que change le New Public Management aux politiques environnementales.

Les éléments concrets de la dynamique actuelle de l'élevage dans les Alpes du Nord sont dégagés, qu'il s'agisse d'une politique volontariste d'aménagement des alpages ou du développement de filières de produits de qualité bénéficiant d'une appellation d'origine. La place des races bovines locales et leurs atouts dans cette dynamique sont analysés. Il en ressort que, dans les régions à fortes contraintes écologiques, les races locales peuvent constituer un maillon essentiel d'une politique d'aménagement du territoire et de développement économique. ; To stop the rural depopulation as well as to preserve the landscape, a new policy has been introduced in the Northern French Alps. It includes development of infrastucture for modem mountain pasture systems and incitement to increase the quality of products. In particular, the development of production of quality cheese which have an "Appelation d'Origine Contrô lée" (AOC) has increased the profitability of milk production. In that respect, local breeds play an important role because of their hardiness and the high quality of their milk. As a result, the use fo the two local breeds was recently indroduced in the official rules for producing the AOC cheeses from Northern Alps. Therefore, local breeds may constitute an essential tool for environmental management and balanced economical development of areas with difficult natural conditions.

Over the last two decades, the numerous failures of centralised politics which have been witnessed in the management of natural resources, as well as the mounting credi- bility of local, traditional, management doctrines, have prompted a number of countries to reorientate their modes of public intervention so as to involve these rural communi- ties in the implementation of new modes of environmental management. This is the case with Moroccan forestry management. Despite the recent succession of buzzwords, very little research has carried out a symmetrical analysis of the customary, community modes of management, and the practices of the forestry administration, and the relationship between them. In a depar- ture from the neo-institutionalist perspective, this thesis draws upon the strategic analy- sis of environmental management and the actor-network theory in order to construct an original research approach. This approach, on one hand, fixes as an external reference of the analysis the ecological quality of the ecosystems affected by the management; and on the other hand, it tries to identify the various mediators linking the different sites in which forestry resources management is negociated and carried out. On the basis of considerable empirical research, this thesis will first demonstrate how the Moroccan Forestry Administration has selectively reinterpreted the injunctions to participation and to community management, brought to an international level, in an attempt to reinvent its relationship with rural populations. The administration is cur- rently attempting to organise them into associations in order to negotiate restricted ac- cess to natural resources in exchange for development operations. These associations are supposedly founded upon ancient tribal societies, with the aim of modernising these traditional institutions while at the same time using their legitimacy in matters of natural resource management. However, the thesis demonstrates how as- sociations, and tribal structures are two very ...

Over the last two decades, the numerous failures of centralised politics which have been witnessed in the management of natural resources, as well as the mounting credi- bility of local, traditional, management doctrines, have prompted a number of countries to reorientate their modes of public intervention so as to involve these rural communi- ties in the implementation of new modes of environmental management. This is the case with Moroccan forestry management. Despite the recent succession of buzzwords, very little research has carried out a symmetrical analysis of the customary, community modes of management, and the practices of the forestry administration, and the relationship between them. In a depar- ture from the neo-institutionalist perspective, this thesis draws upon the strategic analy- sis of environmental management and the actor-network theory in order to construct an original research approach. This approach, on one hand, fixes as an external reference of the analysis the ecological quality of the ecosystems affected by the management; and on the other hand, it tries to identify the various mediators linking the different sites in which forestry resources management is negociated and carried out. On the basis of considerable empirical research, this thesis will first demonstrate how the Moroccan Forestry Administration has selectively reinterpreted the injunctions to participation and to community management, brought to an international level, in an attempt to reinvent its relationship with rural populations. The administration is cur- rently attempting to organise them into associations in order to negotiate restricted ac- cess to natural resources in exchange for development operations. These associations are supposedly founded upon ancient tribal societies, with the aim of modernising these traditional institutions while at the same time using their legitimacy in matters of natural resource management. However, the thesis demonstrates how as- sociations, and tribal structures are two very ...