Suchergebnisse

The practice of environmental management within the organization shows that it thinks of sustainable development, the aim of this article is to raise awareness of water waste in the plastic industry with the use of recycled water, thus having an advantage with the reduction of the waste of natural resources. Analyze the awareness of waste of water is the factor of influence in quality of life of employees and society. The scientific method to make this article fallowed the pace of literature review and include: theme identification, bibliographical survey, and text selection, preliminary and logical arrangement of study case, interview, qualified research, interactive observation and bibliographical analysis. Through that observation it was possible to identify what the employees consider an important fundamental factor to develop a reuse water system, it's not only about manufacture process, but also for the enviroment matter which means that the enterprise has sustainable thought to increase all involved. The awareness of waste of water can be done through an efficient system that it will make use of reuse water.

This article analyzes the use of water as ballast to balance the vessels, as well as the existing legislation in the country that protects, monitors and punishes those who are responsible for illegal shedding in national jurisdiction waters. That is important, considering ballast water has become a national and international risk with serious consequences such as bioinvasion. It was discovered that ballast water has become one of the fastest forms of marine pollution because it acts quietly. In an attempt to avoid environmental and economic losses, several conventions and international treaties were agreed between countries such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, adopted in Montego Bay. At the national level, Brazil has important institutions for marine environmental protection such as ANVISA, the National Health Surveillance Agency; ANTAQ, National Agency of Waterborne Transport and broad legislation such as Law (6938/81), the National Environmental Policy; the Criminal Environmental Law (9.605/98) and, specifically, NORMAM 20, issued by the Brazilian Navy's Directorate of Ports and Coasts, which states that every ship to moor at national ports must prove the exchange of ballast water at sea. The research used the legal and theoretical methodology, deductive reasoning and literature from technical and government sites. The results show that Brazil has a concern over the issue and the national legislation proves the effort to prevent marine pollution. However, research in the field is necessary so that invading organisms are discovered prior to the pollution. In addition to that, legislation and supervision must be improved. ; This article analyzes the use of water as ballast to balance the vessels, as well as the existing legislation in the country that protects, monitors and punishes those who are responsible for illegal shedding in national jurisdiction waters. That is important, considering ballast water has become a national and international risk with serious consequences such as bioinvasion. It was discovered that ballast water has become one of the fastest forms of marine pollution because it acts quietly. In an attempt to avoid environmental and economic losses, several conventions and international treaties were agreed between countries such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, adopted in Montego Bay. At the national level, Brazil has important institutions for marine environmental protection such as ANVISA, the National Health Surveillance Agency; ANTAQ, National Agency of Waterborne Transport and broad legislation such as Law (6938/81), the National Environmental Policy; the Criminal Environmental Law (9.605/98) and, specifically, NORMAM 20, issued by the Brazilian Navy's Directorate of Ports and Coasts, which states that every ship to moor at national ports must prove the exchange of ballast water at sea. The research used the legal and theoretical methodology, deductive reasoning and literature from technical and government sites. The results show that Brazil has a concern over the issue and the national legislation proves the effort to prevent marine pollution. However, research in the field is necessary so that invading organisms are discovered prior to the pollution. In addition to that, legislation and supervision must be improved.

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a tool that aims to integrate environmental issues into decision-making processes, usually to support the development of sectoral or territorial plans and programs. SEA is mandatory in the European Union and is applied to water management in France. Water management in Brazil is inspired by the French model, but does not have SEA; in the state of São Paulo watersheds of interest for public supply have specific norms and can count on a Development and Environmental Protection Plan (PDPA). In this research we explore three potential contributions of SEA as adopted in French water management for the case of the PDPA of the Billings Reservoir sub-basin. We conducted an evaluative case study for this PDPA, a literature review on French practices, and comparative analysis. We conclude by indicating potential contributions of SEA for the definition of objectives, scoping, and study of alternatives of the PDPA-Billings. ; Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a tool that aims to integrate environmental issues into decision-making processes, usually to support the development of sectoral or territorial plans and programs. SEA is mandatory in the European Union and is applied to water management in France. Water management in Brazil is inspired by the French model, but does not have SEA; in the state of São Paulo watersheds of interest for public supply have specific norms and can count on a Development and Environmental Protection Plan (PDPA). In this research we explore three potential contributions of SEA as adopted in French water management for the case of the PDPA of the Billings Reservoir sub-basin. We conducted an evaluative case study for this PDPA, a literature review on French practices, and comparative analysis. We conclude by indicating potential contributions of SEA for the definition of objectives, scoping, and study of alternatives of the PDPA-Billings. ; Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a tool that aims to integrate environmental issues into decision-making processes, usually to support the development of sectoral or territorial plans and programs. SEA is mandatory in the European Union and is applied to water management in France. Water management in Brazil is inspired by the French model, but does not have SEA; in the state of São Paulo watersheds of interest for public supply have specific norms and can count on a Development and Environmental Protection Plan (PDPA). In this research we explore three potential contributions of SEA as adopted in French water management for the case of the PDPA of the Billings Reservoir sub-basin. We conducted an evaluative case study for this PDPA, a literature review on French practices, and comparative analysis. We conclude by indicating potential contributions of SEA for the definition of objectives, scoping, and study of alternatives of the PDPA-Billings. ; Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a tool that aims to integrate environmental issues into decision-making processes, usually to support the development of sectoral or territorial plans and programs. SEA is mandatory in the European Union and is applied to water management in France. Water management in Brazil is inspired by the French model, but does not have SEA; in the state of São Paulo watersheds of interest for public supply have specific norms and can count on a Development and Environmental Protection Plan (PDPA). In this research we explore three potential contributions of SEA as adopted in French water management for the case of the PDPA of the Billings Reservoir sub-basin. We conducted an evaluative case study for this PDPA, a literature review on French practices, and comparative analysis. We conclude by indicating potential contributions of SEA for the definition of objectives, scoping, and study of alternatives of the PDPA-Billings.

A bill pending in the Brazilian Senate may change profoundly the characteristics and practice of environmental licensing in Brazil, including removing the obligation to obtain an environmental license for specific projects, such as those related to water supply and sanitary sewage. This timely bibliographical and documental study aims to analyse the development of specific legislation on environmental impact assessment (EIA) and environmental licensing of these two types of projects and compare them with the changes provided by the proposed Licensing Law. The work uses the identification and analysis of specific rules and legal documents that make up the current regulatory framework for licensing and the changes provided by the bill. The flexibility and exclusion of environmental licensing, without scientific rigour, ignore the importance of this instrument for environmental integration into decision-making. Furthermore, projects could damage the environment without such analysis due to the need to expand water supply and sanitation systems. ; A bill pending in the Brazilian Senate may change profoundly the characteristics and practice of environmental licensing in Brazil, including removing the obligation to obtain an environmental license for specific projects, such as those related to water supply and sanitary sewage. This timely bibliographical and documental study aims to analyse the development of specific legislation on environmental impact assessment (EIA) and environmental licensing of these two types of projects and compare them with the changes provided by the proposed Licensing Law. The work uses the identification and analysis of specific rules and legal documents that make up the current regulatory framework for licensing and the changes provided by the bill. The flexibility and exclusion of environmental licensing, without scientific rigour, ignore the importance of this instrument for environmental integration into decision-making. Furthermore, projects could damage the environment without such analysis due to the need to expand water supply and sanitation systems. ; A bill pending in the Brazilian Senate may change profoundly the characteristics and practice of environmental licensing in Brazil, including removing the obligation to obtain an environmental license for specific projects, such as those related to water supply and sanitary sewage. This timely bibliographical and documental study aims to analyse the development of specific legislation on environmental impact assessment (EIA) and environmental licensing of these two types of projects and compare them with the changes provided by the proposed Licensing Law. The work uses the identification and analysis of specific rules and legal documents that make up the current regulatory framework for licensing and the changes provided by the bill. The flexibility and exclusion of environmental licensing, without scientific rigour, ignore the importance of this instrument for environmental integration into decision-making. Furthermore, projects could damage the environment without such analysis due to the need to expand water supply and sanitation systems. ; A bill pending in the Brazilian Senate may change profoundly the characteristics and practice of environmental licensing in Brazil, including removing the obligation to obtain an environmental license for specific projects, such as those related to water supply and sanitary sewage. This timely bibliographical and documental study aims to analyse the development of specific legislation on environmental impact assessment (EIA) and environmental licensing of these two types of projects and compare them with the changes provided by the proposed Licensing Law. The work uses the identification and analysis of specific rules and legal documents that make up the current regulatory framework for licensing and the changes provided by the bill. The flexibility and exclusion of environmental licensing, without scientific rigour, ignore the importance of this instrument for environmental integration into decision-making. Furthermore, projects could damage the environment without such analysis due to the need to expand water supply and sanitation systems.

Water is a natural resource, present in metabolic processes of living beings, which has been used for various purposes, especially human consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the system of supply and the quality of water for human consumption in rural communities of Chapada do Apodi, RN. The methodology consisted of identifying and evaluating the supply system as well as the quality of the water from the environmental perception and physical-chemical and biological analyses in water. Electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and Total Residue showed standards required for human consumption according to values presented by current legislation. On the other hand, the results for pH parameters, total coliforms, and coliforms Escherichia coli type termotolerantes showed disagreement in accordance with the laws concerning the limits established for water bodies of water intended for human consumption. The infrastructural conditions of water supply systems, as well as the physical and chemical parameters of untreated water, were considered unsatisfactory. ; A água é recurso natural, presente em processos metabólicos dos seres vivos, que vem sendo utilizada para diversos fins, em especial o consumo humano. O estudo objetivou avaliar o sistema de abastecimento e a qualidade da água para consumo humano das comunidades rurais da Chapada do Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte. A metodologia constou de identificação e avaliação do sistema de abastecimento a partir da percepção ambiental e de análises físico-químicas e biológicas na água. Os dados de condutividade elétrica, turbidez, resíduo total e oxigênio dissolvido apresentaram padrões aceitáveis para o consumo humano de acordo com valores apresentados pela legislação vigente. Em contrapartida, os resultados encontrados para os parâmetros de pH, coliformes totais e coliformes Termotolerantes do tipo Escherichia coli apresentaram discordância com a legislação para corpos hídricos de águas doces destinados ao consumo humano. Podem-se considerar como insatisfatórias as condições de infraestrutura dos sistemas de abastecimento de água e os parâmetros físico-químicos da água sem prévio tratamento.

[2.] Sumário executivo. - 2011. - 22 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. + 1 CD-ROM. - ISBN 978-99912-0-975-3

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o histórico de ocupação nas áreasde mananciais na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) e a evolução da legislação relacionada a essa problemática do ponto de vista da gestão de recursos hídricos. Foi utilizada metodologia descritiva, com pesquisas a material bibliográfico e documental, buscando apresentar as principais leis relativas à proteção das áreas de mananciais da RMSP e sobre gestão de recursos hídricos e ambiental. Foi possível observar um avanço na concepção da legislação e do formato proposto para o gerenciamento das áreas de mananciais, porém, limitado pela ausência de um mecanismo mais efetivo para gestão metropolitana. A construção da gestão metropolitana na RMSP poderia ampliar a capacidade de integração entre municípios e setores. A integração entre a gestão de recursos hídricos e a gestão territorial mostrou-se fundamental para a proteção dos mananciais. A nova lei de proteção aos mananciais, Lei Estadual nº 9.866/97, se apresenta como descentralizada, participativa, com foco em ações não estruturais e na gestão integrada. Porém, a efetiva implementação da lei depende ainda da harmonização de políticas públicas setoriais, de uma extensa coordenação e cooperação entre municípios e o avanço no grau de comprometimento dos governos. ; This paper presents the history of occupation in the water source areas in São Paulo Metropolitan Region (hereinafter SPMR) and the evolution of the legislation related to this issue, from the point of view of the environmental and water management. A descriptive methodology was used, with searches into bibliographical and documental materials, in order to present the main laws for the protection of the water supply areas of SPMR and environmental and water management. It was possible to observe some progress in the premises of the both legislation and the format proposed for the management of the water source areas. However, such progress is limited due to the lack of a more effective mechanism for metropolitan management. The construction of the metropolitan management in SPMR would enlarge the capacity of integration between municipalities and sectors. The integration between the management of water and the land use management showed to be fundamental for the protection of the water sources. The new law for protection of the water sources, State Law nº 9.866/97, is decentralized and participative, focusing on non-structural actions and integrated management. However, the effective implementation of the law still depends on the harmonization of sectoral public policies, extensive coordination and cooperation among municipalities and the progress in the degree of the commitment of the governments. ; O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o histórico de ocupação nas áreasde mananciais na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) e a evolução da legislação relacionada a essa problemática do ponto de vista da gestão de recursos hídricos. Foi utilizada metodologia descritiva, com pesquisas a material bibliográfico e documental, buscando apresentar as principais leis relativas à proteção das áreas de mananciais da RMSP e sobre gestão de recursos hídricos e ambiental. Foi possível observar um avanço na concepção da legislação e do formato proposto para o gerenciamento das áreas de mananciais, porém, limitado pela ausência de um mecanismo mais efetivo para gestão metropolitana. A construção da gestão metropolitana na RMSP poderia ampliar a capacidade de integração entre municípios e setores. A integração entre a gestão de recursos hídricos e a gestão territorial mostrou-se fundamental para a proteção dos mananciais. A nova lei de proteção aos mananciais, Lei Estadual nº 9.866/97, se apresenta como descentralizada, participativa, com foco em ações não estruturais e na gestão integrada. Porém, a efetiva implementação da lei depende ainda da harmonização de políticas públicas setoriais, de uma extensa coordenação e cooperação entre municípios e o avanço no grau de comprometimento dos governos.

The excessive amount of pesticides applied in agricultural areas may reach surface water, thereby contaminating it. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of pesticides used in a sub-basin headwater with coffee crops, situated in the Dom Corrêa district, Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais. The region of study is a great producer of coffee. Crops occupy steep areas and are situated close to surface water bodies. In this study, four sample collection points were selected in streams as well as a point in the distribution network and two points in the water treatment station (raw and treated water) a total of seven points. The samples were collected in rainy and dry seasons. Organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and triazoles pesticides were identified by liquid and gas chromatography analysis with tandem mass spectrometry. The occurrence of pesticides was more evident in the rainy season. A total of 24 distinct pesticides were detected. At least one pesticide was identified in 67% of the samples collected during the rainy season and in 21% of the samples collected during drought. Many pesticides detected in water are not regulated in Brazilian legislation regarding potability. ; The excessive amount of pesticides applied in agricultural areas may reach surface water, thereby contaminating it. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of pesticides used in a sub-basin headwater with coffee crops, situated in the Dom Corrêa district, Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais. The region of study is a great producer of coffee. Crops occupy steep areas and are situated close to surface water bodies. In this study, four sample collection points were selected in streams as well as a point in the distribution network and two points in the water treatment station (raw and treated water) a total of seven points. The samples were collected in rainy and dry seasons. Organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and triazoles pesticides were identified by liquid and gas chromatography analysis with tandem mass spectrometry. The occurrence of pesticides was more evident in the rainy season. A total of 24 distinct pesticides were detected. At least one pesticide was identified in 67% of the samples collected during the rainy season and in 21% of the samples collected during drought. Many pesticides detected in water are not regulated in Brazilian legislation regarding potability. ; O excedente dos agrotóxicos aplicados nas áreas agrícolas pode atingir as águas superficiais, contaminando-as. Assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença dos agrotóxicos em águas superficiais e utilizadas para abastecimento público em uma sub-bacia de cabeceira, com cultivo de café, situada no distrito de Dom Corrêa em Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais. A região de estudo é grande produtora de café, as lavouras ocupam áreas íngremes e situam-se próximas aos cursos d´água. Para isso, foram selecionados quatro pontos de coletas de amostras de água nos córregos, um ponto na rede de distribuição e dois pontos na estação de tratamento (água bruta e tratada), totalizando sete pontos. As amostras foram coletadas em período chuvoso e seco. Agrotóxicos organoclorados, organofosforados, piretróides, carbamatos e triazóis foram constatados por meio de análise por cromatografia líquida e gasosa com espectrometria de massas em tandem. A ocorrência de agrotóxicos foi mais evidente no período chuvoso. Vinte e quatro agrotóxicos distintos foram detectados. Pelo menos um agrotóxico foi detectado em 67% das amostras coletadas, durante a estação chuvosa, e em 21% das amostras coletadas durante a estação seca. Muitos agrotóxicos detectados não estão relacionados na legislação brasileira de potabilidade.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Environmental Adjustment Contract for pig production (EAC) in improving the water quality in Pinhal River sub-basin, located in Concordia, west part of Santa Catarina State. The monitoring of water parameters occurred in eight sites of the river, during three years (2006-2009). To assess whether the EAC was efficient, Brazilian Water Law was used. The average annual concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were: 130.2 mg/L, 137.0 mg/L, and 99.8 mg/L. Turbidity showed the same trend of TDS. Concentrations of nitrate and Total Phosphorus (TP) decreased from 2006 to 2009; nitrate from 1.81 mg/L NO3-N to 1.54 mg NO3-N; TP from 0.29 mg/L to 0.10 mg/L, respectively. The same trends occurred for Fecal Coliforms and E. coli. These results show that obligations proposed by EAC had potentially improved water quality. These results can help the government, farmers, and society to establish environmentally sound and sustainable programs for pig production. ; The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Environmental Adjustment Contract for pig production (EAC) in improving the water quality in Pinhal River sub-basin, located in Concordia, west part of Santa Catarina State. The monitoring of water parameters occurred in eight sites of the river, during three years (2006-2009). To assess whether the EAC was efficient, Brazilian Water Law was used. The average annual concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were: 130.2 mg/L, 137.0 mg/L, and 99.8 mg/L. Turbidity showed the same trend of TDS. Concentrations of nitrate and Total Phosphorus (TP) decreased from 2006 to 2009; nitrate from 1.81 mg/L NO3-N to 1.54 mg NO3-N; TP from 0.29 mg/L to 0.10 mg/L, respectively. The same trends occurred for Fecal Coliforms and E. coli. These results show that obligations proposed by EAC had potentially improved water quality. These results can help the government, farmers, and society to establish environmentally sound and sustainable programs for pig production. ; O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta (TAC) da suinocultura na melhoria da qualidade da água na sub-bacia do Rio Pinhal, localizada em Concórdia, Oeste de Santa Catarina. O monitoramento dos parâmetros de qualidade da água ocorreu em oito pontos entre os anos de 2006 a 2009. Para avaliar se o TAC foi eficiente, utilizou-se como referência a lei brasileira de classificação das águas. As concentrações anuais médias de Sólidos Totais Dissolvidos (STD) foram: 130,2 mg/L, 137,0 mg/L e 99,8 mg/L. A Turbidez mostrou a mesma tendência das concentrações de STD. As concentrações de nitrato e fósforo total (PT) reduziram de 2006 a 2009; nitrato de 1,81 mg/L NO3-N para 1,54 mg/L NO3-N; PT de 0,29 mg/L para 0,10 mg/L, respectivamente. As mesmas tendências foram verificadas para coliformes fecais e E. coli. Os resultados demonstram que o EAC proporcionou melhorias na qualidade da água. Os resultados poderão ajudar governos, agricultores e sociedade para estabelecer programas sustentáveis para a produção de suínos.

In recent decades there has been an exponential increase in large hydroelectric plants in Brazil, especially in the Amazon region. These large hydraulic structures impact the environment and the lives of people living in the places where they settle and require a special type of water governance. The dictatorial regime (1964-1985) created a "standard" for the construction of these great structures, through an institutional and legal framework, which benefited the Brazilian business elite but also, through the creation of a popular imagination, which shows itself lasting progress on the country's progress and development. The suspension of security, the fragility of institutional environmental structures, the disrespect for indigenous reserves, the lack of clarity about the concept of "affected population" and the non-payment of fair compensation were identified as one of the main challenges for a democratic water governance in the country. In the late 1970s, the Dam-Affected Movement (MAB) began its organizat

The watershed of the Pirajibu-Mirim River, in Sorocaba-SP, contributes to production and the municipal water supply, and is located in a high-priority region for the implementation of a Payment for Environmental Services (PES) program. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the conservation of its water springs and environmental compliance with the legislation of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs). A macroscopic diagnosis of the water springs was therefore made in the field in order to subsequently classify their condition. The assessment of environmental compliance with the PPAs was performed with the aid of RapidEye (2014) satellite images and the Quantum GIS 1.6 program. The results indicated that water quality stands out positively, while the land use and occupation of the springs areas showed negative results. No water spring is located in protected areas and only one was found on an agricultural farm; none had signs indicating its presence. Most of them show evidence of human disturbance, such as degradation of vegetation and garbage dumping. The evaluation of environmental compliance demonstrated that 30.7% of the PPAs lack adequate vegetative cover, and thus may potentially be included in an intervention program for recovery due to degradation. The profile analysis of the properties that have water springs indicated the predominance of lands without any commercial use that included recreational country houses. The work indicated some environmental and socioeconomic characteristics of the watershed that can support public policy for the conservation of water resources in the region, if considered in the establishment of a PSA program. ; A microbacia hidrográfica do rio Pirajibu-Mirim, localizada em Sorocaba-SP, contribui para produção e o abastecimento de água do município, além de estar inserida em uma região prioritária para implantação de um programa de Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais (PSA). Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a conservação de suas nascentes e a adequação ambiental de suas Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs). Para tanto, foi realizado em campo um diagnóstico macroscópico das nascentes, para sua posterior classificação. A avaliação da adequação ambiental nas APPs foi realizada com o auxílio de imagens do satélite RapidEye (2014) e do programa Quantum GIS 1.6. Os resultados apontam que a qualidade da água destaca-se positivamente, enquanto o uso e ocupação do solo e a área das nascentes apresentam resultados negativos. Nenhuma nascente está localizada em área protegida e apenas uma está em propriedade rural agrícola, além de não possuírem placas indicativas. A maioria apresenta sinais de perturbação antrópica, como a degradação da vegetação e depósito de lixo. A avaliação da adequação ambiental mostrou que 30,7% das APPs da microbacia estão sem vegetação e, assim, deveriam sofrer intervenções visando à recuperação das áreas degradadas. A análise do perfil das propriedades que possuem nascentes indicou a predominância de terrenos ociosos e chácaras. Os dados encontrados evidenciam algumas características ambientais e socioeconômicas da microbacia que, se consideradas na implementação do programa de PSA, podem contribuir para a sustentabilidade de uma política pública de conservação dos recursos hídricos na região. ; A microbacia hidrográfica do rio Pirajibu-Mirim, localizada em Sorocaba-SP, contribui para produção e o abastecimento de água do município, além de estar inserida em uma região prioritária para implantação de um programa de Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais (PSA). Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a conservação de suas nascentes e a adequação ambiental de suas Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs). Para tanto, foi realizado em campo um diagnóstico macroscópico das nascentes, para sua posterior classificação. A avaliação da adequação ambiental nas APPs foi realizada com o auxílio de imagens do satélite RapidEye (2014) e do programa Quantum GIS 1.6. Os resultados apontam que a qualidade da água destaca-se positivamente, enquanto o uso e ocupação do solo e a área das nascentes apresentam resultados negativos. Nenhuma nascente está localizada em área protegida e apenas uma está em propriedade rural agrícola, além de não possuírem placas indicativas. A maioria apresenta sinais de perturbação antrópica, como a degradação da vegetação e depósito de lixo. A avaliação da adequação ambiental mostrou que 30,7% das APPs da microbacia estão sem vegetação e, assim, deveriam sofrer intervenções visando à recuperação das áreas degradadas. A análise do perfil das propriedades que possuem nascentes indicou a predominância de terrenos ociosos e chácaras. Os dados encontrados evidenciam algumas características ambientais e socioeconômicas da microbacia que, se consideradas na implementação do programa de PSA, podem contribuir para a sustentabilidade de uma política pública de conservação dos recursos hídricos na região.

Introduction: Access to water in sufcient quantity and quality, compatible with the potability standard established in the legislation, is a fundamental human right. The lack of universal access, as well as basic sanitation, generates social and economic impacts. Objective: To identify in the scientifc literature what has been shown about the qualityof water intended for human consumption, distributed collectively in Brazil. Method: Integrative literature review carried out with 28 studies selected from the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Portal of Journals of the Coordination for the Improvement ofHigher Education Personnel (CAPES) from August to September 2019. Results presented descriptively and in the form of tables and fgures. Results: Two categories were obtained: 1. Environmental factors that interfere in the water quality – nonconformitiesas to what was recommended were related to anthropic actions in the environment; 2. Water quality regarding to potability standard and surveillance – there were similarities between microbiological parameters, fluoridation, turbidity. Conclusions: Few studies have been found on surveillance of the water quality intended for human consumption, especially with an approach to action in Brazilian states and municipalities and these reflect difculties in complying with some parameters recommended by the legislation regarding water quality. ; Introdução: O acesso à água em quantidade e qualidade sufcientes, compatíveis com o padrão de potabilidade estabelecido na legislação é um direito humano fundamental. A carência de universalização desse acesso, bem como de saneamento básico gera impactos sociais e econômicos. Objetivo: Identifcar na literatura científca o que tem sido evidenciado sobre qualidade da água destinada ao consumo humano, distribuída coletivamente no Brasil. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada com 28 estudos selecionados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ...

The Amazon region possesses a wide variety of potential economic uses associated with its natural resources. Water resources by themselves represent a large part of the wealth of the region, not only in economic terms but also in social and environmental terms. The present study discusses the implementation of the National Policy for Water Resources (PNRH) with regard to the implementation of its instruments (the Plan for Water Resources, the classification of the water bodies into use classes, the granting of use rights, the collection of fees for the use of water resources, and an information system for water resources). For these purposes, bibliographical surveys were carried out, the websites of the state and federal governments were consulted, and general searches were conducted on the management of water resources in the states in the northern region of Brazil. As results, we observe that the first steps have been taken with the drafting of state laws related to the PNRH. However, even after14 years have elapsed; the PNRH still does not fulfill its role in managing the water resources of the region. Three of the states in the region are only in the process of developing management plans for hydrographic basins, the great majority of water courses have not yet been classified with respect to their predominant use, the granting of water rights follows a purely bureaucratic process, the information system on the water resources is inefficient, and the collection of fees for the use of the water is far from being viable.

Apesar do uso do método da Pegada Hídrica (PH) como uma ferramenta de gestão pelo setor privado, poucos são os estudos publicados que consideram as três frações do método no seu cálculo: Pegada Hídrica Azul - PHazul, Pegada Hídrica Verde - PHverde e Pegada Hídrica Cinza – PHcinza. No caso específico da celulose, a PHcinza não foi considerada no único artigo publicado devido a dificuldade de acesso aos dados referentes a composição dos efluentes gerados no processos produtivo e à qualidade dos corpos de água em seu estado natural. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a contribuição da fração da PHcinza do processo industrial no valor total da PH da celulose e suas consequências sobre ações para diminuir o impacto ambiental deste processo produtivo sobre os corpos hídricos. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de uma indústria hipotética localizada na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul, Brasil. Os poluentes analisados foram o cloreto total, fósforo total e fenol, todos característicos da produção de celulose e presentes na legislação dos três principais países produtores. Os resultados demonstraram que a PHcinza do processo industrial pode responder a até 55% do valor total da PH da celulose. Além disso, os resultados apresentaram elevada variação em função dos parâmetros ambientais e do poluente de referência. Por fim, a redução dos valores da PHcinza não deve ser considerada por si só, como um fim, isolada do contexto ambiental e político onde a produção de bens está inserida. ; While the Water Footprint (WF) is used as a management tool by the private sector, few published studies simultaneously consider all three of its constituent components in its estimation. The components are the Blue Water Footprint (WFblue), the Green Water Footprint (WFgreen), and the Grey Water Footprint (WFgrey). In the case of cellulose production, the only paper published to date did not consider the WFgrey because of the difficulty in finding data relative to natural water quality or to the effluents' composition. In this context, this article seeks to analyze the WFgrey contribution to the WF of cellulose as well as its consequences for actions to mitigate the negative impact of production processes on water bodies. The study took place in a hypothetical industry located at the Paraíba do Sul River watershed, Brazil. The analyses considered pollutants, such as total chloride, total phosphorous, and phenol—all present in pulp production effluent and regulated by legislation in the three main producer countries in the world. The results showed that the industrial WFgrey can account for up to 55% of the total WF for cellulose production. Additionally, the results indicated considerable variations in environmental standards as well as in the chosen pollutants. Finally, the reduction of the WFgrey values should not be considered an end in itself, without considering the environmental and political context in which the production process takes place. ; Apesar do uso do método da Pegada Hídrica (PH) como uma ferramenta de gestão pelo setor privado, poucos são os estudos publicados que consideram as três frações do método no seu cálculo: Pegada Hídrica Azul - PHazul, Pegada Hídrica Verde - PHverde e Pegada Hídrica Cinza – PHcinza. No caso específico da celulose, a PHcinza não foi considerada no único artigo publicado devido a dificuldade de acesso aos dados referentes a composição dos efluentes gerados no processos produtivo e à qualidade dos corpos de água em seu estado natural. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a contribuição da fração da PHcinza do processo industrial no valor total da PH da celulose e suas consequências sobre ações para diminuir o impacto ambiental deste processo produtivo sobre os corpos hídricos. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de uma indústria hipotética localizada na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul, Brasil. Os poluentes analisados foram o cloreto total, fósforo total e fenol, todos característicos da produção de celulose e presentes na legislação dos três principais países produtores. Os resultados demonstraram que a PHcinza do processo industrial pode responder a até 55% do valor total da PH da celulose. Além disso, os resultados apresentaram elevada variação em função dos parâmetros ambientais e do poluente de referência. Por fim, a redução dos valores da PHcinza não deve ser considerada por si só, como um fim, isolada do contexto ambiental e político onde a produção de bens está inserida.

This paper discusses the reverse logistics of empty agrochemical containers, the partners involved, and it focuses on the participation of the Agricultural Defense Agency of the São Paulo state government in reducing the risk of water and soil contamination in order to preserve these resources for future generations. ; This paper discusses the reverse logistics of empty agrochemical containers, the partners involved, and it focuses on the participation of the Agricultural Defense Agency of the São Paulo state government in reducing the risk of water and soil contamination in order to preserve these resources for future generations. ; Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar como a logística reversa das embalagens vazias de agrotóxicos funciona, quais são os parceiros envolvidos, focando na participação da Defesa Agropecuária do governo do Estado de São Paulo, na redução dos riscos de contaminação de água e solo, com o objetivo de preservar estes recursos para as gerações futuras.