Suchergebnisse

"Die Berücksichtigung der Multifunktionalität der Landschaft für verschiedene Ökosystemleistungen im Zuge einer integrierten Maßnahmenplanung ermöglicht es, die Flächen- oder Kosteneffizienz von Umweltmaßnahmen zu optimieren. Die Anwendung in einem Fallbeispiel zeigte, dass durch koordinierte, integrierte Maßnahmenkonzepte ein Mehrwert für unterschiedliche Umweltziele erreicht werden kann, da die Wahl geeigneter Typen von Umweltmaßnahmen sowie ihre räumliche Lage gezielt auf den (multifunktionalen) Handlungsbedarf ausgerichtet werden kann. Dadurch können begrenzte finanzielle Ressourcen oder nur begrenzt zur Verfügung stehende Flächen besonders effizient genutzt und die Gesamt-Umweltwirkungen gegenüber unkoordinierten, sektoralen Konzepten optimiert werden. Eine solche integrierte Planung ist weitgehend auf der Grundlage von Umweltinformationen möglich, die in verschiedenen Umweltfachverwaltungen vorgehaltenen werden, aber bisher nur wenig vernetzt sind. Diese Ergebnisse untermauern den Bedarf nach einer Koordinierung der relevanten Umweltpolitiken (Naturschutz, Wasserwirtschaft, Landwirtschaft), um Synergien in den Ziel- und Maßnahmenkonzepten der Umwelt(fach)planungen (z.B. Agrarumweltprogramme, Maßnahmenprogramme nach § 82 WHG, Fachkonzepte des Naturschutzes) konsequent zu nutzen. Neben einem sektorübergreifenden Informationsmanagement und der inhaltlich-räumlichen Koordination der Ziele und Maßnahmen in den Fachplänen würde vor allem ein koordinierter Einsatz sektoraler Umsetzungsinstrumente die Effizienz des Einsatzes öffentlicher Mittel fördern. Bestehende Koordinationsmechanismen greifen in der Praxis nur teilweise. Am Beispiel des Handlungsfeldes der Reduktion von Stoffeinträgen in Grund- und Oberflächengewässer werden Ansätze gelungener Integration und Koordination aufgegriffen und (Koordinations-) Anforderungen für eine Umsetzung effektiver und effizienter Umweltmaßnahmen aufgezeigt. Die Landschaftsplanung kann wesentlich dazu beitragen, Umwelt- und Naturschutzziele zusammenzuführen, integrierte, multifunktionale Maßnahmen zu entwickeln und geeignete Umsetzungswege aufzuzeigen. Sie kann in diesem Sinne die Aufgabe einer 'Vorkoordination' der Umweltbelange übernehmen, um die Abwägung der Belange im Rahmen der Raumplanung zu erleichtern." (Autorenreferat)

An article about the directions and priorities of the regional policy of the state to regulate the regional water consumption in the Omsk region. The authors analyze the situation with the water consumption in China, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, as well as alternative ways of solving problems, and the economic impact of the construction of a dam on the river Irtysh.

"There are growing accounts of innovative, often collaborative institutional approaches to water management that seem to respond better to new challenges in supply and water quality management. While some describe these new institutional designs as a 'third way', as opposed to traditional state-centered or market-based modes, we find that the most salient features of it to characterize even those effective state or market designs. The fundamental ingredient, which is patterned relationships, is one that arises when social networks are built around the formal (state or market) institutions. The necessary plane of description is not on the dimension of structure (state, market, or otherwise) but in the nature and workings of these relational networks. We describe necessary features of these networks. We illustrate these points with a case study: the Environmental Water Account (EWA), a novel market-based program for negotiating water allocations around the San Francisco Bay-Delta (California, U.S.A.). We point out how this institution worked precisely because it was not merely a market-based program but, rather, built in features of an effective social network. In this way, we found a capacity of the EWA to adapt to the dynamic nature of water resources and needs, along with the uncertainties inherent in a complex social-ecological system." (author's abstract)

Explores how nation-states handle the unpredictability surrounding water availability & flow while negotiating water treaties. At issue is whether states adopt available mechanisms to address climate uncertainty while negotiating new water regimes & whether & how these regimes evolve during crisis events to contend with climate risk, especially in light of new local & regional water organizations. An examination of the negotiation process of three water treaties reveals that nations typically eschew risk management mechanisms because these mechanisms often shift the balance of power & undermine the sustainability of the resource regulatory regime. These case studies in water flow management are the lower Rio Grande drought & the 1944 Mexico-US treaty; the 1961-1964 drought along the Great Lakes & the 1909 Canadian-US treaty; & 1997-1999 water shortage in the Jordan Basin & the 1994 Jordanian-Israeli peace treaty. The most important of these excluded/neglected mechanisms are drought mitigation measures. The ramifications of not adopting these mitigation measures are assessed through a look at the performance of these treaties & how they evolved during drought conditions. In this context, considered are hybrid cooperative mechanisms to address regional climate risk that also accommodate the requirement of the nation-state to maintain its hegemony over transnational institutions & secure a long-standing water regime. Attention is also given to how local & regional initiatives are overcoming state inadequacies in grappling with climate risk. Tables, Figures, References. D. Edelman

Explores how nation-states handle the unpredictability surrounding water availability & flow while negotiating water treaties. At issue is whether states adopt available mechanisms to address climate uncertainty while negotiating new water regimes & whether & how these regimes evolve during crisis events to contend with climate risk, especially in light of new local & regional water organizations. An examination of the negotiation process of three water treaties reveals that nations typically eschew risk management mechanisms because these mechanisms often shift the balance of power & undermine the sustainability of the resource regulatory regime. These case studies in water flow management are the lower Rio Grande drought & the 1944 Mexico-US treaty; the 1961-1964 drought along the Great Lakes & the 1909 Canadian-US treaty; & 1997-1999 water shortage in the Jordan Basin & the 1994 Jordanian-Israeli peace treaty. The most important of these excluded/neglected mechanisms are drought mitigation measures. The ramifications of not adopting these mitigation measures are assessed through a look at the performance of these treaties & how they evolved during drought conditions. In this context, considered are hybrid cooperative mechanisms to address regional climate risk that also accommodate the requirement of the nation-state to maintain its hegemony over transnational institutions & secure a long-standing water regime. Attention is also given to how local & regional initiatives are overcoming state inadequacies in grappling with climate risk. Tables, Figures, References. D. Edelman

Analyzes 738 Spanish environmental protest events as reported in El Pais, 1988-1997. An increasing level of protest is evident over the decade, with large demonstrations numerous although decreasing in number over the decade, indicating a change in the type of protest; local conflicts are seen to be spreading across the country. The most contentious environmental issues are identified as waste facilities, water policy, & nuclear energy & are viewed in the shifting context of diverse policy areas. The degree to which reported protests can be related to broader debates over policy approaches is then considered. Attention turns to describing the political repertoires of protesters & conflict scenarios, noting the moderate nature of Spanish environmental protest & examining the link between protest repertoire & issue categories. The leading & other organizations involved in environmental protest are scrutinized next in terms of their nature, network interactions, & key characteristics. It is concluded that, in light of a lack of ministerial response, the potential for the environment to consolidate as a policy subsystem is low. 9 Tables, 7 Figures. J. Zendejas

The significant role that performance management plays in the success of environmental programs is examined. An overview of the Clean Charles 2005 initiative, designed to drastically improve the water quality of the Charles River in MA, is presented, illustrating the utility of performance management measures. An analysis of the initiative's performance goals revealed that clearly stipulated objectives motivate staff & facilitate the achievement of required action. Several characteristics of the initiative's principles for measuring project progression are discussed to demonstrate their efficacy. After considering various strategies for capturing the interest of the public, local governments, & other parties, the project management team's rationale for deciding to heighten media coverage of the program's progression is explained. Various problems previous environmental initiatives have had in securing project accountability are also covered, eg, holding managers personally responsible leads to conservative strategies; with these problems in mind, a performance-focused paradigm for ensuring accountability is offered. The question of whether the Charles River 2005 initiative can be integrated into the existing national environmental protection system is considered. J. W. Parker

Analyzes 738 Spanish environmental protest events as reported in El Pais, 1988-1997. An increasing level of protest is evident over the decade, with large demonstrations numerous although decreasing in number over the decade, indicating a change in the type of protest; local conflicts are seen to be spreading across the country. The most contentious environmental issues are identified as waste facilities, water policy, & nuclear energy & are viewed in the shifting context of diverse policy areas. The degree to which reported protests can be related to broader debates over policy approaches is then considered. Attention turns to describing the political repertoires of protesters & conflict scenarios, noting the moderate nature of Spanish environmental protest & examining the link between protest repertoire & issue categories. The leading & other organizations involved in environmental protest are scrutinized next in terms of their nature, network interactions, & key characteristics. It is concluded that, in light of a lack of ministerial response, the potential for the environment to consolidate as a policy subsystem is low. 9 Tables, 7 Figures. J. Zendejas

The paper examines the exposure of mountain creeks towards illegal waste disposal practices related to the lack of waste collection services in rural areas of Romania prior to EU accession and the low waste collection efficiency following the closure of rural wild dumps in 2009-2010. The paper estimates the amounts of household waste uncollected and disposed in selected small Carpathian rivers in the North-East development region. The expansion of built-up areas along the water courses leads to waste dumping practices across mountain villages in the context of poor waste management facilities. Particular morphology of villages and hydrological characteristics of the creeks may influence the magnitude of such bad practices. The paper points out the role of flash floods in cleaning upstream catchments from debris, thus, polluting the downstream rivers and human settlements. An efficient waste collection system in mountain areas has a crucial role to play in mitigating and ultimately preventing the waste dumping practices in water bodies.