Suchergebnisse

A development model, to be such, must consider meeting the needs of the community, ensuring a decent life, in which the goal should be to provide maximum comfort and happiness possible, facilitating the habitability of the territories in healthy living and harmony with nature. This must be the crux of the debate address the socio-environmental problems caused by the so-called locomotive of progress, in the case of Antioquia (Colombia) East, however development plans or solutions show no real expectation of the community.

Environmental crime covers the range of activities that infringe environmental law and cause significant damage or risk to the environment, human health or both. Environmental crimes can be broadly defined as illegal acts that directly harm the environment, it is possible to include illegal wildlife trade, illegal trade in hazardous waste, illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing, illegal logging and associated trade in stolen timber. Notwithstanding the above, the definition of 'environmental crime' is not universally accepted, it is often understood as a collective term to describe illegal activities that harm the environment and are intended to benefit individuals, groups or companies in the exploitation. Department of International Security and Defence. Institute for International Relations ; Los delitos ambientales cubren la gama de actividades que infringen la legislación ambiental y causan daños o riesgos significativos al medio ambiente, la salud humana o ambos. Los delitos ambientales pueden definirse ampliamente como actos ilegales que dañan directamente el medio ambiente, es posible incluir dentro de estos delitos al comercio ilegal de vida silvestre, comercio ilícito de desechos peligrosos, pesca ilegal, no reglamentada y no declarada, la tala ilegal y el comercio asociado de madera robada. No obstante lo dicho anteriormente, la definición de "delito ambiental" no está universalmente aceptada, a menudo se entiende como un término colectivo para describir las actividades ilegales que dañan el medio ambiente y tienen como objetivo beneficiar a individuos, grupos o empresas de la explotación. Departamento de Seguridad Internacional y Defensa. Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales

En el artículo, derivado de investigación, se muestran las dificultades identificadas en la ciudadela de la Universidad de Antioquia al momento de construir una definición de ambiente en la cual se incluya al ser humano como parte integral del mismo. Para tal fin se aplicaron dos encuestas, la primera que fue denominada "prueba piloto" sirvió para afinar las preguntas usadas en el campo de la psicología a la hora de abordar la preocupación ambiental, ésta es, la escala de Likert; la segunda, fue la encuesta depurada y aplicada entre empleados, docentes y estudiantes de la ciudad universitaria, que ofreció los elementos necesarios para analizar las representaciones sociales del ambiente que comprenden la valoración de los problemas ambientales, el nivel de implicación personal y la capacidad de acción, permitiendo una lectura desde la perspectiva antropológica de las relaciones entre los humanos y el ambiente en ese contexto social.

International politics are moving towards an economical and cultural unification (globalisation), in which all nations are related by trade interactions. If environmental protection commitments are to be honoured, environmental law has to cease to be considered a separate discipline and find synergies that allow it to become an important stakeholder in trade relations. In this paper it is argued that international commerce and environmental law have coevolved in the last three decades to reach a balance embodied in the concept of sustainable development.The essay explores this coevolution, and proposes that the World Trade Organization (WTO) can play an important role in environmental protection goals if its "green provisions" and dispute resolution mechanism are to be used to promote them, as is already happening. In order to illustrate this point, a brief overview of commercial and environmental treaties signed since the seventies is presented, followed by an explanation of the WTO's treaty suite provisions that can be considered as "green", in the hopes of finding convergence points that can be used by the member parties in order not only to justify the passing of environmental protection domestic legislations, but also to compel other countries to comply with their obligations in this area. ; En la actualidad, la política internacional tiende hacia la unificación económica y cultural (globalización), en la cual la totalidad de las naciones se encuentran vinculadas por interacciones comerciales. Para que los compromisos adquiridos en materia de protección ambiental sean respetados, el derecho ambiental debe dejar de ser considerado como una disciplina separada y buscar sinergias que le permitan convertirse en un actor importante en las relaciones comerciales. En el presente ensayo se argumenta que el comercio internacional y el derecho ambiental han coevolucionado en las últimas tres décadas, hasta llegar a un balance en el concepto de desarrollo sostenible.Este artículo explora esta coevolución, mientras propone que la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) puede jugar un importante rol en el cumplimiento de los objetivos internacionales de protección ambiental si sus disposiciones "verdes" y su sistema de resolución de conflictos son utilizados para promoverlos, tal como está sucediendo. Para ilustrar este punto, se presenta un breve resumen de los tratados comerciales y ambientales suscritos desde los años setenta, seguido de una explicación de las disposiciones legales de la OMC que pueden ser consideradas como "verdes", con el fin de hallar puntos de convergencia que puedan ser utilizados por los países miembros no solo para justificar la adopción de normativas domésticas de protección ambiental, sino también para instar a los otros signatarios en el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones en esta área. ; La tendance actuelle de la politique internationale est à l'unification économique et culturelle (mondialisation, "globalisation"), où la totalité des nations se trouvent liées par des interactions commerciales. Pour que les engagements pris en matière de protection de l'environnement soient respectés, le droit de l'environnement doit cesser d'être considéré comme une discipline séparée et doit rechercher des synergies qui lui permettent de devenir un acteur important dans les relations commerciales. Dans cet article on défend l'idée que le commerce international et le droit de l'environnement ont coévolué dans les trois dernières décennies, jusqu'à atteindre un équilibre dans le concept de développement durable.L'article explore cette coévolution. Il montre que l'Organisation mondiale du Commerce peut jouer un rôle important dans l'accomplissement des objectifs internationaux de protection de l'environnement si ses dispositions "vertes" et son système de règlement des différends sont utilisés pour promouvoir ces objectifs, comme cela se passe dernièrement. Pour illustrer ce point on présente un bref résumé des conventions commerciales et environnementales signées depuis les années soixante, puis une explication des dispositions légales de l'OMC pouvant être considérées comme "vertes", dans le but de trouver les points de convergence qui pourraient être utilisés par les pays membres pour justifier l'adoption de normes nationales de protection de l'environnement, mais aussi pour encourager les autres signataires à accomplir leurs engagements en la matière.

International politics are moving towards an economical and cultural unification (globalisation), in which all nations are related by trade interactions. If environmental protection commitments are to be honoured, environmental law has to cease to be considered a separate discipline and find synergies that allow it to become an important stakeholder in trade relations. In this paper it is argued that international commerce and environmental law have coevolved in the last three decades to reach a balance embodied in the concept of sustainable development.The essay explores this coevolution, and proposes that the World Trade Organization (WTO) can play an important role in environmental protection goals if its "green provisions" and dispute resolution mechanism are to be used to promote them, as is already happening. In order to illustrate this point, a brief overview of commercial and environmental treaties signed since the seventies is presented, followed by an explanation of the WTO's treaty suite provisions that can be considered as "green", in the hopes of finding convergence points that can be used by the member parties in order not only to justify the passing of environmental protection domestic legislations, but also to compel other countries to comply with their obligations in this area. ; En la actualidad, la política internacional tiende hacia la unificación económica y cultural (globalización), en la cual la totalidad de las naciones se encuentran vinculadas por interacciones comerciales. Para que los compromisos adquiridos en materia de protección ambiental sean respetados, el derecho ambiental debe dejar de ser considerado como una disciplina separada y buscar sinergias que le permitan convertirse en un actor importante en las relaciones comerciales. En el presente ensayo se argumenta que el comercio internacional y el derecho ambiental han coevolucionado en las últimas tres décadas, hasta llegar a un balance en el concepto de desarrollo sostenible.Este artículo explora esta coevolución, mientras propone que la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) puede jugar un importante rol en el cumplimiento de los objetivos internacionales de protección ambiental si sus disposiciones "verdes" y su sistema de resolución de conflictos son utilizados para promoverlos, tal como está sucediendo. Para ilustrar este punto, se presenta un breve resumen de los tratados comerciales y ambientales suscritos desde los años setenta, seguido de una explicación de las disposiciones legales de la OMC que pueden ser consideradas como "verdes", con el fin de hallar puntos de convergencia que puedan ser utilizados por los países miembros no solo para justificar la adopción de normativas domésticas de protección ambiental, sino también para instar a los otros signatarios en el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones en esta área. ; La tendance actuelle de la politique internationale est à l'unification économique et culturelle (mondialisation, "globalisation"), où la totalité des nations se trouvent liées par des interactions commerciales. Pour que les engagements pris en matière de protection de l'environnement soient respectés, le droit de l'environnement doit cesser d'être considéré comme une discipline séparée et doit rechercher des synergies qui lui permettent de devenir un acteur important dans les relations commerciales. Dans cet article on défend l'idée que le commerce international et le droit de l'environnement ont coévolué dans les trois dernières décennies, jusqu'à atteindre un équilibre dans le concept de développement durable.L'article explore cette coévolution. Il montre que l'Organisation mondiale du Commerce peut jouer un rôle important dans l'accomplissement des objectifs internationaux de protection de l'environnement si ses dispositions "vertes" et son système de règlement des différends sont utilisés pour promouvoir ces objectifs, comme cela se passe dernièrement. Pour illustrer ce point on présente un bref résumé des conventions commerciales et environnementales signées depuis les années soixante, puis une explication des dispositions légales de l'OMC pouvant être considérées comme "vertes", dans le but de trouver les points de convergence qui pourraient être utilisés par les pays membres pour justifier l'adoption de normes nationales de protection de l'environnement, mais aussi pour encourager les autres signataires à accomplir leurs engagements en la matière.

The objective of this work is to define and base the principles of environmental management through the introduction of regenerative (restorative) and productive methods of environmental policy. The problems were solved with the help of such general and special research methods, such as generalization, systematization, analysis, synthesis, and the empirical method. It is argued that the operation of industrial enterprises without a balanced set of appropriate environmental measures always has negative consequences. The formation of environmental awareness of entrepreneurs, assigning to environmental management the status of a mandatory component of the policy to achieve regional environmental objectives, requires greater attention and effective methodological developments. The strategic directions of ecological development of one of the regions of Ukraine are indicated. The essence of the concept of "environmental management" is defined. The definition of "regenerative method of ecological management" and "productive method of ecological management" is offered. In conclusion, scientific ideas on the feasibility of implementing environmental management in companies are presented. The need for ecological measures for the implementation of ecological policy is based.

The national government, regional governments, local governments and university educational institutions, are obliged to preserve the environment , consequently the Peruvian government in the task of allocating government budgets for compliance with standards and regulations relating to environmental protection environment and natural resource management should be most efficient to prevent permanent destruction, then we say that is an obligation of the entities whose performance of their duties cause environmental impact, they must be involved necessarily in the application of the rules and regulations for the environmental care . Methods: By its very nature is "qualitative and longitudinal", considering the fact that you have each of the public and private institutions to set up over the region and its particular context. Results: Implementation of Environmental Audits must generate culture and consciousness in resource management and environmental protection, agreed with the regular processes envisaged in the ISA International Standards on Auditing and Generally Accepted Auditing Standards GAAS, and the results should be effective from the training at universities in the region, and its application to control systems (audit) to achieve efficient results in the application of procedures. Conclusions: It is necessary to show the authorities, educational institutions, business leaders, public and students of all levels, the importance of Environmental Audit, care of the environment, upon learning about the uncontrollable damage destruction environment in the Puno region, taking into account the recommendations contained in the audit reports and procedures.

Economists and Political scientists have suggested for a long time that democracy and the environment are linked. What they did not analyze in detail is ifthe way in which politicians are elected influences the environment as well. Thescope of this paper is to fill this gap. Using high quality data on a cross section of countries, coming from previous studies, we find strong results suggestingthat politicians in majoritarian systems are less interested in environmental commitments than those in proportional representations. The consequence is thatenvironmental commitments are lower in the former system than in the latter.

This paper looks at environmental damage definition stipulated by Peruvian General Environmental Law as well as its implications for the environmental policy development. It also outlines complexities involved identifying environmental damage as much as designing and implementing public policies according to Peruvian legislation processing. ; El presente ensayo analiza la definición de daño ambiental querecoge la Ley General del Ambiente, así como sus implicancias para el desarrollo de la política ambiental. Describe las complejidades presentes en la identificación del daño ambiental así como en el diseño y aplicación de las políticas públicas relacionadas a su tratamiento en la legislación peruana.

We are witnessing a new cycle of violence and uprooting promoted by the alliances between multinational corporations and the state, through which it is intended to destroy nature. We understand the environmental problems and climate change associated with the
extractivist model. Therefore, in rejection of the notion of progress that has been imposed, we think that it is necessary to change the concept of development by the plans of life.
We think that the answer to such problems should be to work for social, economic and environmental justice, in the case of Oriente Antioqueño, Colombia.

The evolution of environmental law in Mexico has developed efficient mechanisms for environmental protection. Mexico's legal system stems from the civil law tradition and therefore is a system of positivelaw. Thus, the Mexican legal system is based in written laws, regulations and other legalprovisions, created by the legislature (Federal Congress) and applicable in the Mexicanterritory, without losing sight of Mexican Official Standards (NOM's) and Mexican Standards (NMX).The present article will make and overview on the transformation of environmental law since 1987's constitutional reforms, to the present day. ; El tiempo y la experiencia en la aplicación de la Legislación Ambiental Mexicana ha sido detonante para el desarrollo de mecanismos cada vez más eficientes para la protección al medio ambiente.El Sistema Legal Mexicano es un sistema de derecho positivo. Así, el Derecho mexicano se encuentra basado en leyes escritas, reglamentos y otras disposiciones legales, creadas por el Congreso de la Unión y el Ejecutivo Federal; todas, aplicables en el territorio mexicano; sin perder de vista el rol de las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (NOM's) y las Normas Mexicanas (NMX).El presente artículo hará un recorrido en la transformación de la legislación ambiental desde las reformas constitucionales de 1987, hasta el día de hoy.

The major environmental concerns of agriculture in Mexico are related to water resources and deforestation, in addition to the increasingly important issues of pesticide use, pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and soil erosion. This situation worsens in arid or semiarid regions, such as the state of Zacatecas, where the main source of water is 34 aquifers, 15 of which are overexploited. One option for reducing environmental deterioration is to encourage production units to adopt environmental management systems (EMS). These systems, however, are not well known to growers at the local or national level. The establishment of an EMS in the agricultural sector is relatively new, although it is widely used in other industrial sectors. This study determined the views, drivers and barriers to adopting an EMS in the vegetable sector of the state of Zacatecas, Mexico. A questionnaire was given to 202 technicians or owners of vegetable production units. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Improving access to markets was the most important driver for EMS adoption, while the lack of government support was the main barrier. The study demonstrated that views of sustainability are closely related to attitudes toward environmental management actions and environmental sustainability. ; Producción Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas UAZ

Traditionally, environmental crimes have been difficult to penalize both in Russia and abroad. Russian environmental legislation is not codified, it is a complex conglomerate of a wide variety of legal acts that are condemned to take into account the classification of environmental crimes and their delimitation of related crimes. Accordingly, the article examines the status, causes and some measures to prevent environmental crimes. The general methodological basis of the research was formed by the basic provisions of the dialectical method of the study of the phenomenon of legal in its text-context relationship. All the evidence can be concluded that the reasons for the production of environmental crimes include the ineffectiveness of the activities of law enforcement agencies, economic determinants and reasons in the field of legal awareness. In addition, the analysis of the statistical table of environmental crimes recorded a clear disproportion between the real situation in the field of ecology and the fight against such crimes. At the same time, the most significant factor that distorts the real image of environmental crimes is there and recursion latency in the concrete.

The major environmental concerns of agriculture in Mexico are related to water resources and deforestation, in addition to the increasingly important issues of pesticide use, pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and soil erosion. This situation worsens in arid or semiarid regions, such as the state of Zacatecas, where the main source of water is 34 aquifers, 15 of which are overexploited. One option for reducing environmental deterioration is to encourage production units to adopt environmental management systems (EMS). These systems, however, are not well known to growers at the local or national level. The establishment of an EMS in the agricultural sector is relatively new, although it is widely used in other industrial sectors. This study determined the views, drivers and barriers to adopting an EMS in the vegetable sector of the state of Zacatecas, Mexico. A questionnaire was given to 202 technicians or owners of vegetable production units. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Improving access to markets was the most important driver for EMS adoption, while the lack of government support was the main barrier. The study demonstrated that views of sustainability are closely related to attitudes toward environmental management actions and environmental sustainability.