Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The article examines the Eastern Partnership (EaP) as the initiative of the European Union (EU) through the prism of the constructivist concepts of soft power, normative power and transformative power. The research focuses on the assessment of the EU's transformative strength in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus, based on the analysis of declared EU policy goals and instruments and the real results of political reforms in partner countries. The results of the study show that the EaP has little transformative impact and needs further revision. The analysis of empirical indicators in the field of political transformation of the EaP countries shows that since its inception, as well as after the signing of Association Agreements with three countries and the renewal of the European Neighborhood Policy in 2015, no radical changes have been made, and the EU's influence on the course of reforms has been insignificant. Institutional and geopolitical constraints and challenges that complicate the EU's ability to influence its eastern neighbours are addressed. The article analyses prospects for strengthening the effectiveness of the EaP in the context of its latest update after 2020.

Abstract
Migration is a relatively new phenomenon in the Czech Republic, which has gradually become a destination country. The securitisation and politicisation of migration in the Czech domestic discourse has created a great deal of public anxiety, especially towards Muslims. This paper focuses on the position of Turkish migrants, the single largest Muslim community in the Czech Republic, in the specific context of the Czech Republic. The objective is to define the nature of Turkish migration to the Czech Republic as part of broader migration patterns. Using data from the Czech Statistical Office and from a questionnaire survey, it investigates the Turkish community's assessment of adaptation to the Czech environment and their position within the wider Turkish dias-pora policy. I argue that that the non-transparent Czech immigration policy and Czech Islamophobia are potential factors influencing the adaptation process of the Turkish community, which might affect their decision to remain in the country. Furthermore, the small size of the Turkish community can hamper the migrants' social life, who might wish to maintain strong ties with the homeland and the diaspora community in Europe.

AbstractThis article deals with the question of how German foreign policy can be characterized from a geopolitical perspective in an era in which the constellation of world politics is undergoing change, as evidenced by the conflict in Ukraine, shift in US foreign policy under President Trump and the on-going Brexit negotiations. In order to identify changes in the geopolitical orientation of German foreign policy and sketch a profile of German foreign policy, the article includes official German government documents. It can be concluded from the study that the geopolitical codes of German foreign policy are of a varying character, and can be characterized into three geopolitical spatial structures: the Atlantic, European and Eurasian regions. In terms of the geopolitical orientation of German foreign policy, the Federal Government develops German strategy in a multipolar world system, in which it aims to turn Europe into a world power. While the continued existence of NATO remains a goal of German foreign policy, the Federal Government, in unison with France, seeks a multipolar world order, in which Germany and France assume leading roles within the European spatial structure, and are liberated from US supremacy in the transatlantic spatial structure.

The European Union's foreign policy is in crisis. Europe is in the process of demilitarization and still depends on NATO when it comes to conducting major operations. In terms of soft power, the EU has lost its aura, something that has become evident through observation of the "Arab Spring". In this difficult context, the European Service for External Action struggles to produce convincing results. Adapted from the source document.

At the annual session in Edinburgh in 2004, the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly called on the High Commissioner on National Minorities to 'initiate a comparative study of the integration policies of established democracies & analyse the effect on the position of new minorities'. The High Commissioner followed up this request, & asked the Migration Policy Group (hereafter MPG) to draft a paper. The present article ~analyses the difference between 'old' & 'new' minorities & the ensuing consequences. Secondly, the difficulty of combining the concepts of integration & diversity, as follows also from the MPG report, are addressed. Lastly, the role of the High Commissioner with regard to issues pertaining to 'new' minorities is examined. The article concludes, among other things, that it would be recommendable to bring together a group of experts from different fields who would be entrusted with the task of drafting specific guidelines or recommendations (following the earlier practice of the High Commissioner's Office to initiate the drafting of thematic recommendations) on how to combine the concepts of integration & diversity resulting in concrete policy measures or instruments, taking into account the needs of governments, as well as the majority & minority groups (thereby also addressing justifiable differences between 'old' & 'new' minorities). Adapted from the source document.

Σε αυτή τη διπλωματική, έγιναν 3 διαφορετικές υποθέσεις για να εξεταστεί πώς οι οικονομικοί παράγοντες (ΑΕΠ και περιβαλλοντικοί φόροι) επηρεάζουν θετικά ή αρνητικά παράγοντες του τομέα της πράσινης ενέργειας όπως οι μέθοδοι επεξεργασίας αποβλήτων και οι εγκαταστάσεις WtE. Τα δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν σε ετήσια βάση και καλύπτουν την περίοδο από το 2003 έως το 2019. Ο κύριος σκοπός είναι η διερεύνηση πιθανών συσχετίσεων μεταξύ αυτών των παραγόντων. Δεν υπάρχει καμία παρόμοια δημοσιευμένη αναφορά μέχρι τώρα. Η υπόθεση 1 χρησιμοποιεί ανάλυση Time Series και για 2,3 ανάλυση Data Panel. Τα στατιστικά μοντέλα για την υπόθεση 2 και 3 ήταν το Μοντέλο OLS και το Fixed effects OLS. Τα αποτελέσματα αποκαλύπτουν μερικά ενδιαφέροντα ευρήματα. Πρώτον, οι ανεπτυγμένες οικονομίες στην Ευρώπη δεν ακολουθούν μια ανοδική τάση μονάδων WtE σε αντίθεση με τις αναδυόμενες οικονομίες που επέλεξαν πολιτικές ταχείας ανάπτυξης της πράσινης ενέργειας με περισσότερα εργοστάσια WtE, ειδικά μετά την κρίση 2009-2010. Επίσης, η ανάλυση παρουσιάζει μια μικρή αρνητική συσχέτιση μεταξύ του GDP και των WtE εγκαταστάσεων που αποκαλύπτει μια αναντιστοιχία των 2 παραγόντων. Επιπλέον, η παραγωγή αποβλήτων είναι ένα ασταμάτητο αυξανόμενο πρόβλημα για τις περισσότερες χώρες, ενώ ταυτόχρονα η αποτέφρωση υποστηρίζει την αύξηση της παραγωγής αποβλήτων. Επίσης, οι πράσινοι φόροι έχουν αρνητική επίδραση στην ανακύκλωση. Το πιο ενδιαφέρον μέρος είναι η ελάχιστη ανάπτυξη των εργοστασίων WtE και των πράσινων φόρων στην Ευρώπη μετά το 2010. Ένας μετασχηματισμός πολιτικής είναι απαραίτητος εάν η ΕΕ θέλει να επιτύχει μετάβαση σε καθαρή ενέργεια. Η ανανεώσιμη ανοδική τάση δεν συσχετίστηκε με την επίπεδη τάση των εργοστασίων WtE που αποκαλύπτουν ότι η ανακύκλωση είναι η κυρίαρχη επεξεργασία αποβλήτων. Μετά το 2010, οι ευρωπαϊκές χώρες επικεντρώνονται στις ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας χωρίς να αυξάνουν τα εργοστάσια Wte, ιδίως οι ανεπτυγμένες οικονομίες. Στο τέλος, η αύξηση του ΑΕΠ εκφράζει υψηλότερο θετικό αντίκτυπο στα εργοστάσια Wte από την κατανάλωση ενέργειας από ανανεώσιμες πηγές, η οποία βασίζεται στη διαφορά μεταξύ των ανεπτυγμένων και των αναδυόμενων οικονομιών. ; In this thesis, we tested 3 different hypotheses to identify how financial factors such as GDP and environmental taxes affect, positive or negative, the green energy sector such as waste treatment methods and Wte plants. The data is collected on an annual basis and covers the period from 2003 to 2019. The main purpose is to investigate possible correlations between these factors applying the multivariate model. There is no anyone similar published report until now. For hypothesis 1 we use Time Series analysis and for 2,3 we use Panel Data analysis. OLS model and Fixed effects OLS are the statistical model for the hypothesis 2 and 3. The results reveal some interesting facts. Firstly, developed economies in Europe do not follow an uptrend Wte plants in contrast with emerging economies which chose a political and social swift to green energy with more Wte plants, especially after the 2009-2010 crisis. After, GDP and Wte plants express a tiny negative correlation under this analysis which presents a disorder for growth in this sector of renewables. Furthermore, waste generation is unstoppable rising trouble for most countries, when at the same time incineration supports the increase of waste generation. Also, green taxes have a negative effect on recycling. The most highlighted part is the flat growth for Wte plants and green taxes in Europe after 2010. A policy transformation is essential immediately if the EU plans to achieve a clean energy transition. The renewable uptrend was not correlated with the flat trend of Wte plants which disclose that recycling is the dominant waste treatment. After 2010, European countries focus on renewables without increasing Wte plants, especially in developed economies. In the end, GDP's growth expresses a higher positive impact in Wte plants than renewables' energy consumption which is based on the distinction between developed and emerging economies.

The exceptionality of America's Supreme Court has long been conventional wisdom. But the United States Supreme Court is no longer the only one changing the landscape of public rights and values. Over the past thirty years, the European Court of Human Rights has developed an ambitious, American-style body of law. Unheralded by the mass press, this obscure tribunal in Strasbourg, France has become, in many ways, the Supreme Court of Europe. Michael Goldhaber introduces American audiences to the judicial arm of the Council of Europe--a group distinct from the European Union, and much larger--whose.

Firms involved in the construction of the Trans-Mediterranean pipeline linking natural gas reserves from North Africa to Western Europe.