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In 2000, far right parties were confined to the margins of the European political landscape. In a few years, they have gained ground in most national parliaments. Their progress, alongside the victories of Erdoğan in Turkey, Modi in India, Duterte in the Philippines, Trump in the United States or Bolsonaro in Brazil, has led to the identity radicalisation of part of the traditional right-wing. Do we support a 'fascisation' of political life and fear a 'return to fascism'? Far from being confined to specialists alone, these issues have involved many writers, artists, politicians (and even Pope Francis) and have also revived extensive historical debates: is fascism a specific historical phenomenon or a concept that goes beyond the geographical and temporal context that led to it? What is the role of analogy and anachronism in historical analysis? Fourteen historians and politicians agreed to express their views on the subject. In the first days of the health crisis, we wondered whether our file might appear to be displaced or even obsolete. This does not seem to be the case. All over the world, right-wing parties have sought to benefit from the health emergency. They offered conspiracy readings, called for the closure of borders and investigated an indictment against lockdown measures. It was in this context that we discovered the work of Sosthen Hennekam, who wanted to illustrate this issue, on the architectures of Milan, the place of birth of fascism and one of the cities most affected by the Covid pandemic. ; International audience ; In 2000, far right parties were confined to the margins of the European political landscape. In a few years, they have gained ground in most national parliaments. Their progress, alongside the victories of Erdoğan in Turkey, Modi in India, Duterte in the Philippines, Trump in the United States or Bolsonaro in Brazil, has led to the identity radicalisation of part of the traditional right-wing. Do we support a 'fascisation' of political life and fear a 'return to fascism'? Far from ...

International audience ; En 2000, les partis d'extrême droite étaient cantonnés aux marges du paysage politique européen. En quelques années, ils ont gagné du terrain dans la plupart des parlements nationaux. Leur avancée, parallèle aux victoires d'Erdoğan en Turquie, de Modi en Inde, de Duterte aux Philippines, de Trump aux États-Unis ou de Bolsonaro au Brésil, a provoqué une radicalisation identitaire d'une partie de la droite traditionnelle.Assistons-nous à une « fascisation » de la vie politique ? Faut-il craindre un « retour du fascisme » ? Loin de rester cantonnées aux seuls spécialistes, ces questions ont mobilisé de nombreux écrivains, artistes, politiciens (et jusqu'au pape François).Elles ont ravivé aussi des débats historiographiques d'envergure : le fascisme est-il un phénomène historique spécifique ou une notion qui dépasse le cadre géographique et temporel qui l'a engendré ? Quel est le rôle de l'analogie et de l'anachronisme dans l'analyse historique ? Quatorze historiens et politistes ont accepté de s'exprimer sur le sujet.Dans les premiers jours de la crise sanitaire, nous nous sommes demandées si notre dossier risquait d'apparaître déplacé, voire obsolète. Tel ne semble pas être le cas. Dans le monde entier, les partis d'extrême droite ont cherché à tirer profit de l'urgence sanitaire. Ils ont proposé des lectures complotistes, sollicité la fermeture des frontières et instruit un réquisitoire contre les mesures de confinement.C'est dans cette conjoncture que nous avons découvert le travail de Sosthen Hennekam, qui a bien voulu illustrer ce numéro, sur les architectures de Milan, le lieu de naissance du fascisme et l'une des villes le plus touchées par la pandémie du Covid.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Part I: The Intellectual Origins of Fascism and the Development of Fascist Theory -- Chapter 1: Some General Comments -- Chapter 2: The Myth of Race -- Chapter 3: The Idea of the Elite and the Leader -- Chapter 4: The Concept of the Totalitarian State -- Chapter 5: Fascism and Nationalism -- Chapter 6: Fascism and Socialism -- Chapter 7: The Influence of Militarism -- Chapter 8: The Fascist Interpretation of Economics -- Chapter 9: The Concepts of Morality and Might in International Affairs -- Chapter 10: A Postscript -- Part II: The Political Development and Practice of Fascism in Germany and Italy -- Chapter 11: The Nazi Appeal to Germany -- Chapter 12: Mussolini and the Fascist Prototype -- Chapter 13: Fascism, Class and Social Change -- Chapter 14: The Incapacity of Political Orthodoxy -- Part III: The Possibility of Fascism in Greece, Latin America and Africa -- Chapter 15: Greece under Metaxas and the Colonels -- Chapter 16: Vargas, Perón and Some Signposts for the Future -- Chapter 17: Africa: Some Contemporary Political Trends -- Chapter 18: Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Fascism was once a momentous and imperative subject of study, but as the memory of atrocity faded there has been a lessening of stakes and a forgetting of its previous import. The election of Donald J. Trump, along with the Brexit referendum, growing support for economic nationalism, and a global rise of authoritarian populists, has revitalized the "fascism question," both by scholars and the general public. The reemergence (and electoral successes) of far-right ideological partisans threatens the neoliberal consensus, challenging received wisdom within political science. The dominant approach within international political economy failed to predict escalating political opposition to global capitalism. A prescient exception is the heterodox scholar William Robinson, who had warned his readers of emergent 21st century fascism. This essay is inspired by Robinson's theories but challenges some of his precepts and conclusions. The study of fascism is intertwined with studies of capitalism, financial crisis, inter-imperialist rivalry, democracy, and history; however, politics is never reducible to the structural settings in which it occurs. There are insoluble contradictions between historic fascism and its present-day recurrence. 21st century fascism is haunted by an overladen history and overdetermined by the present conjuncture. A renewed study of fascism ought to focus criticism upon the hypocrisy of liberal politics. The struggle against fascism is also a struggle against liberalism, global capitalism, and American empire.

"Histories of Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Australia provides a history of fascist movements and anti-fascist resistance in Australia over the last century. In recent years, the far right has become a resurgent force across the globe, resulting in populist parties securing electoral victories, social movements organising on the streets, and acts of right-wing terrorism. Australia has not been immune to this. However, this is not merely a recent phenomenon; it has a long history of fascist and far-right groups and individuals. These groups have attempted to situate themselves within the wider settler colonial political landscape, often portraying themselves as the inheritors of a violent and exclusionary colonial past. Concurrently, these groups have linked into globalised anti-communist and white supremacist networks. At the same time, Australia has often seen resistance to fascism and the far right, from the political centre to the far left. Covering the period from the 1920s to the present day, and featuring insights from historians, sociologists, and political scientists, this book provides the most detailed account of this fascinating and important topic. This book will be of interest to students and activists with an interest in the extreme right and anti-fascism as well as Australian history, politics, and society"--

"Histories of Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Australia provides a history of fascist movements and anti-fascist resistance in Australia over the last century. In recent years, the far right has become a resurgent force across the globe, resulting in populist parties securing electoral victories, social movements organising on the streets, and acts of right-wing terrorism. Australia has not been immune to this. However, this is not merely a recent phenomenon; it has a long history of fascist and far-right groups and individuals. These groups have attempted to situate themselves within the wider settler colonial political landscape, often portraying themselves as the inheritors of a violent and exclusionary colonial past. Concurrently, these groups have linked into globalised anti-communist and white supremacist networks. At the same time, Australia has often seen resistance to fascism and the far right, from the political centre to the far left. Covering the period from the 1920s to the present day, and featuring insights from historians, sociologists, and political scientists, this book provides the most detailed account of this fascinating and important topic. This book will be of interest to students and activists with an interest in the extreme right and anti-fascism as well as Australian history, politics, and society"--

Cover -- Endorsements -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- 1 Introduction: Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Australian History -- 2 An Uncomfortable Past: Historiographical Reflections on Fascism and Interwar Australia -- 3 Labour 'Armies' in the 1930s' Depression: From Industrial Disputes to Anti-Fascism -- 4 Egon Kisch and Black Australia -- 5 'The Renaissance of our Fatherland': Fascist Rhetoric and Intra-Communal Tension, Loveday Internment Group Camp 14A, 28 October 1942 -- 6 'War on the Whiteman': Australia in the Racial and Political Imagination of Britain's Far Right, 1945-1970 -- 7 Fascism in Exile: Ustasha-Linked Organisations in Australia -- 8 European and Australian Fascisms: The Case of Ferenc Molnár and National Socialism in Cold War Australia -- 9 Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Perth in the 1980s -- 10 Far Right, Far Left and Australian Engagement With Libya in the 1980s -- 11 'I cop this shit all the time and I'm sick of it': Pauline Hanson, the Far Right and the Politics of Victimhood in Australia -- 12 Discourses of Western Civilisation in the Australian Federal Parliament -- 13 Fascists in and out of Uniform: Situating Street Fascism in the Broader Context of White Supremacy -- Index.

Introduction : fascism and anti-fascism in Australian history / Evan Smith, Jayne Persian and Vashti Jane Fox -- An uncomfortable past : historiographical reflections on fascism and interwar Australia / Andrew Moore -- Labour 'armies' in the 1930s depression : from industrial disputes to anti-fascism / Phoebe Kelloway -- Egon Kisch and Black Australia / Padraic Gibson -- 'The Renaissance of our fatherland' : fascist rhetoric and intra-communal tension, Loveday Internment Group Camp 14A, 28 October 1942 / David Faber -- 'War on the whiteman' : Australia in the racial and political imagination of Britain's far right, 1945-1970 / Luke LeCras -- Fascism in exile : Ustasha-linked organisations in Australia / Drew Cottle and Angela Keys -- European and Australian fascisms : the case of Ferenc Molnár and National Socialism in Cold War Australia / Evan Smith and Jayne Persian -- Fascism and anti-fascism in Perth in the 1980s / Vashti Jane Fox -- Far right, far left and Australian engagement with Libya in the 1980s / Kyle Harvey -- 'I cop this shit all the time and I'm sick of it' : Pauline Hanson, the far right and the politics of victimhood in Australia / Kurt Sengul -- Discourses of Western civilisation in the Australian Federal Parliament / Jordan McSwiney, Eda Gunaydin and Henry Maher -- Fascists in and out of uniform : situating street fascism in the broader context of white supremacy / Anastasia Kanjere.