The financial crisis has opened up a global debate on the taxation of the financial sector. A number of international policy initiatives, most notably by the G20, have called for major changes in the tax treatment of financial institutions and transactions as well as individuals working in the financial sector. This book examines how tax policies contributed to the financial crisis and whether taxation can play a role in the reform efforts under way to establish a sounder and safer financial system. The book looks at the pros and cons of various tax initiatives, including limiting the tax advantages to debt financing, special taxes on the financial sector and financial transactions taxes.
The relation between demand and supply at the world markets has to be balanced involving their mutual concordance with the amount of money. Although, there should be more money and loans than there are international trade and services which guarantees sustainable growth without recessions, depressions and crises. Aberrations from such basic market laws cause recession. Present recession is the consequence of long lasting violation of basic economic law. Banking, finance, marketing and stock markets are out of control trying to satisfy corporate and political desires. Loans were given which contributed to excessive demand. Technological development provided large series of products. The economy volume was not in compliance with market laws. Marketing asked for greater consumption. Distribution of material goods was not equal, so the buying power of undeveloped countries stayed at the relatively low level. Therefore, growth rate of world economy fell. Danger of crash of investment banks and stock markets after violating economic relations is not doubtful. Domicile countries of big banking and economy systems are trying to protect them by investing from their own sources. And the consequences of current recession are poor globalization process led by rich countries and stoppage of economical growth of poor Asian and African countries. Consequences of world financial crisis will not leave out banks from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Even though banks from Bosnia and Herzegovina are still not in the credit system of world banks, which would be an additional burden to the current crisis, it will reflect indirectly small countries as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina. ; ????? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????????, ????????????????? ?? ?? ? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????. ????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????, ????????? ? ?????. ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????. ??????????, ?????????, ????? ? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ??????????. ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? "???????????". ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????. ????????? ????? ???? ???? ? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????. ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????????. ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????????, ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????. ???????? ??, ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ???????????? ????? ? ????? ???? ??????????. ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????. ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????. ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???????????. ???? ????? ????? ? ??????????? ???? ???? ? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ? ????? ? ???????????.
Fiscal constraint is potentially lax in catching-up economies, but it has not been abused by most countries considered in this paper. Fiscal risks are significant currently, but sustainability and structural balances are not threatened as a rule, if the return to potential growth rates is to be achieved in the medium run. The risks to countercyclical public financing could be discouraged by a comprehensive EU stabilization policy of some sort. Early euro adoption, absent credible stabilization policy, is not the first best policy option for fiscal policy targets.
