Suchergebnisse

The Great War, or World War I, had a major effect on the food situation in Russia and other countries. This aspect still remains largely understudied. The article describes the scale of food supply crisis in Western Europe and Russia, as well as solutions and potential options. It focuses on the antifamine measures taken by the Government of Nicholas II, which were ineffective and slow. As a result, the food crisis escalated and the food supply situation eventually got out of control. The Provisional Government also failed to solve the food supply problem, which passed on to the Soviet government. ; Первая мировая война рассматривается в контексте ее влияния на продовольственную ситуацию в России.Изучением вопросов такого влияния ученые стали заниматься еще в период самой войны, в дальнейшем интерес к данной теме то ослабевал, то появлялся вновь. В статье анализируется масштаб продовольственных трудностей, с которыми столкнулась наша страна на разных этапах своего развития. Рассматриваются различные пути выхода из кризисной ситуации, применявшиеся российским правительством, при этом отмечается многообразие вариантов решения продовольственных проблем. Отмечается, что меры царского правительства по решению продовольственного вопроса были малоэффективными, а часто и запоздавшими. В результате продовольственный кризис нарастал и ситуация с продовольственным обеспечением в конечном итоге вышла из-под контроля. В статье также приводятся сведения о решении продовольственных проблем в других странах-участницах Первой мировой войны. В дальнейшем с продовольственными трудностями столкнулось Временное правительство, которое тоже не смогло наладить процесс продовольственного обеспечения страны на должном уровне. Финальную точку в решении продовольственного вопроса поставила советская власть.

The study focuses on the identification of stable relations between the stock markets of three geographic regions, including pre- and post-crisis periods. The paper demonstrates the applicability of the ARMA-DCC-GARCH model, allowing to provide a detailed examination of the dynamic correlation between 26 stock markets in the three regions (America, Europe and Asia) over the period of 1995-2012. We examine the volatility spillover effects and conditional correlations among the international equity markets. The country stock index is considered as an indicator of market dynamics. The results show that the US market (S&P500 index) is the main volatility transmitter worldwide, whereas the UK, German and French markets are the sources of volatility for the European developed and emerging European equity markets. However, the German DAX index, contrary to some studies, cannot be considered as a dominant one in the European region, in spite of the leadership of the German economy. The study shows that the role of "exporting volatility" or volatility transmitter belongs to the UK stock market. We also found that the US, the UK, Germany and France have a greater influence on emerging markets rather than on developed ones. Between the two markets in the North and East European region (Russia and Poland) the dominant transmitter role belongs to Russia.

The paper presents an ARMA-DCC-GARCH model used for a quantitative analysis of dynamic linkages between 26 stock markets in three regions (Americas, Europe and Asia) over the period from 1995 to 2012. Dynamic conditional correlations between the international equity markets were tested to reveal contagion effects and its origins. It was found that the US market spreads shocks to the majority of international stock markets during the Dotcom crisis of 2000-2002 and the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009. The German, French and British markets are also proved to be contagion originators during the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 and Eurozone Crisis of 2010-2012. The authors provide evidence that, the German and French markets transmitted a positive effect from euro currency adoption in 2002 through Europe. Concerning the linkages in Eastern and Northern European region Russia is found to be a source of contagion for the neighboring countries in time of Russian stock market index (RTSI) fall in 2008 and Banking Crisis in 2004, whereas Poland with the second biggest equity market capitalization affected much fewer countries in the area during the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009. Poland's entry into European Union in May 2004 had no impact on interrelationships between Polish and the other stock markets.

The article is aimed at assessing the results of the protectionist policy in the agro-food sphere. The consumer food market depends on the import substitution in agriculture. Apparantly, it is erroneous to build a modern model of the agro-food market on the basis of export of cheap agricultural raw materials (grain) and import of expensive commodities. I found evidence to support this hypothesis in the works of foreign and domestic scientists. As a method I use the tools of statistical analysis. The empirical base of the study is represented by statistical material on export, import and domestic production for the period from 2012 to 2017 both in the country and in a typical region in the context of foreign trade (Ryazan region). The results of the study have showed the imbalance and irrationality of Russian export, import, domestic production and consumption. Since August 2014 agricultural producers have received several preferences for the growth of production: an embargo on food imports, government support and the weakening of the national currency. On the other hand, consumer demand decreased due to rising prices and lower incomes. The outstripping rise in food prices and the increase in the share of food expenditures in household budgets reflect an uneven state of the market. A detailed analysis of the situation in the regional markets has shown that the decline in consumer demand and saturation of local markets with imported products leads to an escalation of the problem of domestic products sales. The results of import substitution policy at the regional level should be measured in terms of economic access to food and per capita consumption. As a tool for the regulation of agro-food markets I propose to use the model of optimal placement of agricultural production. The results of the study can be applied in the development of state economic policy for regulating agro-food markets. © 2019 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved. ; Оценка результатов политики протекционизма в агропродовольственной сфере. Экспорт сельскохозяйственного сырья как признак структурной деформации производства. Динамика и структура импорта продовольствия. Экономико-математическая модель территориального размещения сельскохозяйственного производства. ; The study has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 18-010-00843A.

Продовольствие представляет собой жизненно необходимый элемент функционирования общества. Без продовольствия, человек, как биологический вид, просто не сможет существовать. Обеспечение продовольственной безопасности страны – одно из приоритетных направлений государственной экономической политики, важнейший фактор экономической безопасности нации, одна из главных задач органов государственного управления. В статье проанализирована понятийная регламентация термина «продовольственная безопасность». Продовольственная безопасность является важным составным элементом системы безопасности нашего государства. Посредством обеспечения продовольственной безопасности России обеспечивается неприкосновенность государства, ее суверенитет, поддерживается демографическая ситуация, социально-экономическое обеспечение населения, формируются необходимые и достаточные условия для поддержания здоровья, качества жизни граждан РФ. В рамках статьи рассмотрены основные направления обеспечения продовольственной безопасности РФ и их реализация. ; Food is a vital element of the functioning of society. Without food, humans, as a species, simply cannot exist. Ensuring food security of the country is one of the priority directions of state economic policy, the most important factor in the economic security of the nation, one of the main tasks of governmental bodies. The article analyzes the conceptual regulation of the term "food security". Food security is an important component of the security system of Russia. By ensuring the food security, the inviolability of the state and its sovereignty are ensured, the demographic situation, the socio-economic provisions of the population are maintained, the necessary and sufficient conditions are formed to maintain the health and quality of life of citizens of the Russian Federation. Within the framework of the article, the main directions of ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation and their implementation are considered.

The corpus of political science problems related to the development, security, and sovereignty of the state, which stimulates the increased interest of both government structures and representatives of the scientific community, also includes a new concept of 'food miles.' The deconstruction method and comparative analysis applied by the author showed that the semantic foundation of the terminological unit under consideration is based on the neorealist paradigm of international relations. The author seeks not only to highlight the epistemological gaps of the concept, but also to convert them into competitive advantages, thus contributing to the discourse related to the construction of 'improved food miles.' In the empirical part of the research, the author chose the agricultural policy of the Moscow region as an example, in particular, fixing the low food self-sufficiency of the region, compensated both by the intra-national commodity movement and the import of basic foodstuffs. For the first time, the dependence on the intensive import of foreign food products into the subject of the Russian Federation was compared with the degree of environmental damage identified using mathematical methods. The author concludes that the concept of 'food miles,' having replenished the categorical and conceptual apparatus of political science and the theory of international relations, can be used as a mechanism of 'green protectionism,' activating the protection of national interests and stimulating the diversification of domestic agroecological production. As a recommendation to state bodies, the author offers a plan of amendments to legislative acts, as well as a graphic project of ecological labeling of food products.

В данной работе рассматривается культура питания через призму современной жизни москвичей и ее отражение у мигрантов из России в Черногории. Культура питания прошла длительный путь, постепенно отделяющий ее от природного инстинкта и превращающий в явление, демонстрирующее степень очеловеченности, с тем чтобы впоследствии, в современную эпоху процесс «насыщения желудка» превратился в автоматизированное действие, которое следует совершить как можно быстрее, дешевле и при возможно меньших затратах энергии. Явление «глобальной кухни» представляет особый интерес для этнолого-антропологических исследований современных форм быта крупных городов, особенно Москвы, где пища стала символом ускорения (едим на скорую руку, потому что у нас нет времени), символом демократизации (у нас равные права), символом разрушенной семьи (дети все чаще кушают фастфуд вместо маминой стряпни). При этом не следует игнорировать и другую сторону воздействия быстрого питания: в социальном плане оно вновь довольно резко подчеркнуло разницу между бедными и богатыми, в то время как в другом аспекте, аспекте здоровья, привело к настоящей эпидемии ожирения. Пища приобрела статус истинного кругосветного путешественника в разнообразных своих формах, и таким образом тема питания становится вопросом отношения к себе и к миру, а не только проблемой хлеба насущного. ; In this paper, we consider the food culture through the prism of modern culture of Muscovites and its reflection in the Russian migrants life in Montenegro. Food culture went a long way, gradually separating it from the natural instinct and turns into a phenomenon peculiar to a human, so that, subsequently, in the modern era the process of "stomach saturation" has turned into an automated action that should make as soon as possible, cheaper and possibly less energy. The phenomenon of "global kitchen " is of particular interest to the ethnological and anthropological studies of the contemporary forms of life of large cities, especially in Moscow, where the food was the acceleration symbol (eat in a hurry, because we do not have the time), the democratization of character (we have the same rights), and a symbol of broken families (children are more likely to eat fast food instead of my mother's cooking). One should not ignore the other side effects of fast food: in social terms, it is again quite sharply emphasized the difference between the rich and the poor, while in another aspect, the aspect of health, led to this epidemic of obesity. Food acquired the status of a true circumnavigation of the traveller in a variety of its forms, and thus supply the theme becomes a matter of attitude to himself and to the world, not just the problem of sustenance.