Today, the publicity and the scientific community, businessmen and officials pay much attention to the food security problem. However, despite this, it is not solved. This problem has even become global. An analysis of the existing approaches to the definition of "food security" is given in the article. A more systematic and comprehensive definition of this term is formulated on the basis of this study. Moreover, the legislation of the world's countries, in particular Ukrainian legislation, aimed at solving the food security problem are investigated. A food market forming mechanism is first proposed in the work. It depends on the impact of international politics and political conditions in the country, as well as on the state structure and level of state regulation. This mechanism includes three main interrelated elements: the organizational and economic food production mechanism, the degree of technological development, and the population`s lifestyle. Also a model is developed for the formation of food security through the formation of food markets.
The article deals with the highlighting of problem of food hygiene at the First All-Ukrainian sanitary-food congress in 1934 year. The food is one of the main lever, which creating the harmony of the human's body and the environment, contributes, in a certain way, to the health and ability of the body to counteract of the influence of unfavorable factors. Violation of the main dominant food causes a number of diseases – from the reduction of the immune status of the organism to the nutritional diseases. The safety of consumed food has always been topical. Therefore, problems of improving the quality of food in the population were also considered at the First All-Ukrainian sanitary-food congress. In Ukrainian historiography there are no solid scientific investigations concerning the coverage of the activities of the First All-Ukrainian sanitary-food congress are determined. The purpose of the article is to highlight the problems of food hygiene at the First All-Ukrainian Sanitary and Food Congress in 1934 year. The methodology of this research is based on a set of principles of objectivity, history and system ana lysis of facts and events. The First All-Ukrainian sanitary-food congress proposed of measures creating a high sanitary culture on food enterprises and producing of high-quality food products for the population of the country is elucidated. In particular, the following main questions were addressed: sanitation of public catering and food industry; prophylactic of food poisoning; unification of chemical-bacteriological research of food products, as well as refinement and improvement of the methodology of these researches; food law. Summing up the work, the First All-Ukrainian sanitary-food congress approved the important regulations, the implementation of which improved the food of the population of the country in the second half of the 30th year of the twentieth century.However, at the congress, no words were spoken about excessive grain procurement plans for communist rule in 1932-1933 years, which led ...
Стаття присвячена проблемам фінансової політики російського уряду в Україні в роки Першої світової війни. На прикладі повітового міста Єлисаветграда Херсонської губернії (нині м. Кіровоград) досліджено окремі аспекти життєдіяльності міста та його мешканців, які виникли в роки Першої світової війни. Досліджено динаміку цін на такі продукти та предмети першої необхідності, як борошно, сіль, цукор, крупу/пшоно, олію/рослинну, картоплю, капусту, випечений хліб та м'ясні продукти, керосин, вугілля, дрова, сірники за 1914–1917 рр. Проаналізовано причини, які в умовах війни впливали на ріст цін. Розглянуто заходи, що вживалися органами місцевого самоврядування міста в складних умовах воєнного часу для утримання цін на товари та продукти першої необхідності. This article puts the light on some problems of the financial policy of the Russian government in Ukraine during the World War I. On example of the county town of Elisavetgrad in Kherson province (nowadays the city of Kirovograd) studied some aspects of the life of the city and it's inhabitants which have arisen during the World War I. The dynamics of price changes for such of the products and basic necessities as: flour, salt, sugar, barley, wheat, oil, potatoes, cabbage, baked bread, meat products, kerosene, coal, wood and matches during the 1914–1917 years are investigated. The influencing reasons of the price growth in the time of the war are also analyzed. The steps taken by the local authorities to keep the prices of goods and basic products in the difficult wartime conditions are considered.
The article analyzes the proposed domestic legislation practice that the normal price of goods for tax purposes. The above and assessed methodological approaches to determining the usual price of real estate as a commodity for tax purposes. In addition, analyzes existing approaches to the use of sales comparison approach. The article also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches for practical implementation in modern languages in real estate taxation.
У статті представлено результати ініційованого та проведеного авторами дослідження в рамках проекту «Продовольчий кошик жителя м. Чернівці». Проведено аналіз споживчої поведінки населення регіону на продовольчому ринку. Презентовано результати додаткового пробного дослідження структури продовольчого кошику домогосподарств м. Чернівці. Визначено та систематизовано чинники, які впливають на поведінку споживачів у контексті соціально-економічної специфіки параметрів розвитку продовольчого ринку регіону. Зроблено висновок щодо основних загроз, зумовлених зміною структури продовольчого кошика та раціону споживання. ; The research of regional food market in the light of changing consumer behaviour during the crisis is caused by the importance of food market as the main indicator: of trust to regional authorities and their ability to control and stabilize the main regional markets, perception and results of reforms, food security in the region. The decisions on the need for intervention in market processes, including food market, should be based on the research of consumer behavior: their advantages, preferences, reactions on changing prices, incomes, tastes, political and social factors etc. The aim of the article is to analyze consumer behaviour of population of the region in food market, to determine and systematize factors that affect it in the context of socio-economic specificity of parameters of food market development. The results of the first phase of the project "Food basket of the resident of Chernivtsi city" which was initiated by the authors allow to make a conclusion which products Ukrainian people consume during the crisis and which ones don't. The authors have collected the information about the structure and characteristics of food products consumption by residents of Chernivtsi and identified potential markers of disproportions in the system of food products supply to the markets of the city in order to avoid in future speculative price increase for basic foods and to create the foundations of food safety of Chernivtsi. Additional test investigation of the structure of household food basket of Chernivtsi has allowed the authors to gather and organize the information concerning the list of basic products which form food basket, to clarify the places of purchasing, their frequency in focus groups of consumers of different ages, family status, social status etc. It is established that restructuring of consumer basket of the population of Chernivtsi is affected by: inflation processes, caused in majority by national currency devaluation; panic moods, caused by military and political events at the East of Ukraine and the uncertainty of the residents of Chernivtsi of the presence of mechanisms for realization of food safety system and sometimes even the wish of central and regional authorities to discuss these issues at appropriate level, world prices fluctuation for grain, and, as a result, higher prices for basic groats and other. To prevent further price speculations regional authorities based on a constant monitoring should quickly apply trade interventions, instruments of state regulation and measures to stimulate regional producers and wholesale suppliers.
The research of regional food market in the light of changing consumer behaviour during the crisis is caused by the importance of food market as the main indicator: of trust to regional authorities and their ability to control and stabilize the main regional markets, perception and results of reforms, food security in the region. The decisions on the need for intervention in market processes, including food market, should be based on the research of consumer behavior: their advantages, preferences, reactions on changing prices, incomes, tastes, political and social factors etc. The aim of the article is to analyze consumer behaviour of population of the region in food market, to determine and systematize factors that affect it in the context of socio-economic specificity of parameters of food market development. The results of the first phase of the project "Food basket of the resident of Chernivtsi city" which was initiated by the authors allow to make a conclusion which products Ukrainian people consume during the crisis and which ones don't. The authors have collected the information about the structure and characteristics of food products consumption by residents of Chernivtsi and identified potential markers of disproportions in the system of food products supply to the markets of the city in order to avoid in future speculative price increase for basic foods and to create the foundations of food safety of Chernivtsi. Additional test investigation of the structure of household food basket of Chernivtsi has allowed the authors to gather and organize the information concerning the list of basic products which form food basket, to clarify the places of purchasing, their frequency in focus groups of consumers of different ages, family status, social status etc. It is established that restructuring of consumer basket of the population of Chernivtsi is affected by: inflation processes, caused in majority by national currency devaluation; panic moods, caused by military and political events at the East of Ukraine and the uncertainty of the residents of Chernivtsi of the presence of mechanisms for realization of food safety system and sometimes even the wish of central and regional authorities to discuss these issues at appropriate level, world prices fluctuation for grain, and, as a result, higher prices for basic groats and other. To prevent further price speculations regional authorities based on a constant monitoring should quickly apply trade interventions, instruments of state regulation and measures to stimulate regional producers and wholesale suppliers. ; У статті представлено результати ініційованого та проведеного авторами дослідження в рамках проекту «Продовольчий кошик жителя м. Чернівці». Проведено аналіз споживчої поведінки населення регіону на продовольчому ринку. Презентовано результати додаткового пробного дослідження структури продовольчого кошику домогосподарств м. Чернівці. Визначено та систематизовано чинники, які впливають на поведінку споживачів у контексті соціально-економічної специфіки параметрів розвитку продовольчого ринку регіону. Зроблено висновок щодо основних загроз, зумовлених зміною структури продовольчого кошика та раціону споживання.
Today, at the global level, special importance is given to the food problem. It is the interweaving of the interests of individual, social groups, society and the world community as a whole in terms of meeting the needs of people in food. Food safety is one of the UN's global goals for sustainable development and needs to be studied in details.The purpose of the article is the description of the nature of the global food problem, the identification of its impact on food safety, the study of Ukraine's ranking on the food safety index, the comparative analysis of the values of food safety sub-indices of Ukraine with the average world values, and the establishment of ways to adapt to the new and constantly changing conditions of the global environment.Methodology. The general scientific and special research methods, the method of theoretical generalization, in particular, are used to clarify certain concepts such as «global food problem» and «food safety»; the method of statistical analysis is used to assess the dynamics of Ukraine's ranking in the Global Food Safety Index (GFSI); the method of comparative analysis of the values of Ukraine's food safety sub-indices with average world values is applied.Results of the survey shows the existing approaches to the usage of categories «global food problem» and «food security". The assessment of food safety in Ukraine is confirmed on the values of the Global Food Security Index. It is based on the data published annually by The Economist Intelligence.In the analysis of the food, the safety level of the countries on the global index GFSI was found, it shows that in 2018 Ukraine ranked 63rd place out of 113 countries. In terms of food, the safety sub-indices got high scores and they are fixed at tariffs on agricultural imports and the level of urbanization. The average value of the country was obtained by means of social programs of food support of the population, the safety of food supply; the breadth of the product range, the content of nutrients. Ukraine shows constant GDP per capita, access to financial resources for farms, agricultural infrastructure, volatility of agricultural production, food standards.At the same time, the country has low rates in terms of political stability and level of corruption. Based on the comparative analysis of the values of Ukraine's food safety sub-indices with the average world values, the author determines the possible ways of adaptation to the new and constantly changing conditions of the global environment in order to protect its leading positions in the world market of agricultural products and foodstuffs.Conclusions. The agrarian sector and food industry of Ukraine are able to meet the needs of both in the domestic market and provide leading positions in the world market of agricultural products and food, make a significant contribution to solving the global food problem.At the same time, the admission of Ukraine into the world economic space, the consolidation of globalization processes, trade liberalization need to be adapted to new and constantly changing conditions with further improvement of food standards, the development of agricultural infrastructure, access to financial resources for farms, etc. ; Продовольча безпека входить до переліку глобальних цілей сталого розвитку ООН та потребує детального вивчення. У статті наведено тлумачення термінів «глобальна продовольча проблема» та «продовольча безпека». Досліджено глобалізаційну взаємодію в умовах посилення глобальної продовольчої проблеми. Окреслено нові реалії вирішення продовольчої проблеми на глобальному рівні. Надано детальну характеристику найбільш поширеного індексу продовольчої безпеки GFSI. Наведено рейтинг України за індексом продовольчої безпеки в 2012-2018 роках в цілому та в розрізі субіндексів, зокрема: ціновою доступністю, фізичною доступністю, якістю та безпечністю, природними ресурсами і сталим розвитком. На основі проведеного порівняльного аналізу значень субіндексів продовольчої безпеки України з середніми світовими значеннями, визначено подальші шляхи адаптації до нових та постійно змінних умов глобального середовища задля забезпечення її провідних позицій на світовому ринку сільськогосподарської продукції та продовольства.
Today, at the global level, special importance is given to the food problem. It is the interweaving of the interests of individual, social groups, society and the world community as a whole in terms of meeting the needs of people in food. Food safety is one of the UN's global goals for sustainable development and needs to be studied in details.The purpose of the article is the description of the nature of the global food problem, the identification of its impact on food safety, the study of Ukraine's ranking on the food safety index, the comparative analysis of the values of food safety sub-indices of Ukraine with the average world values, and the establishment of ways to adapt to the new and constantly changing conditions of the global environment.Methodology. The general scientific and special research methods, the method of theoretical generalization, in particular, are used to clarify certain concepts such as «global food problem» and «food safety»; the method of statistical analysis is used to assess the dynamics of Ukraine's ranking in the Global Food Safety Index (GFSI); the method of comparative analysis of the values of Ukraine's food safety sub-indices with average world values is applied.Results of the survey shows the existing approaches to the usage of categories «global food problem» and «food security". The assessment of food safety in Ukraine is confirmed on the values of the Global Food Security Index. It is based on the data published annually by The Economist Intelligence.In the analysis of the food, the safety level of the countries on the global index GFSI was found, it shows that in 2018 Ukraine ranked 63rd place out of 113 countries. In terms of food, the safety sub-indices got high scores and they are fixed at tariffs on agricultural imports and the level of urbanization. The average value of the country was obtained by means of social programs of food support of the population, the safety of food supply; the breadth of the product range, the content of nutrients. Ukraine shows constant GDP per capita, access to financial resources for farms, agricultural infrastructure, volatility of agricultural production, food standards.At the same time, the country has low rates in terms of political stability and level of corruption. Based on the comparative analysis of the values of Ukraine's food safety sub-indices with the average world values, the author determines the possible ways of adaptation to the new and constantly changing conditions of the global environment in order to protect its leading positions in the world market of agricultural products and foodstuffs.Conclusions. The agrarian sector and food industry of Ukraine are able to meet the needs of both in the domestic market and provide leading positions in the world market of agricultural products and food, make a significant contribution to solving the global food problem.At the same time, the admission of Ukraine into the world economic space, the consolidation of globalization processes, trade liberalization need to be adapted to new and constantly changing conditions with further improvement of food standards, the development of agricultural infrastructure, access to financial resources for farms, etc. ; Продовольча безпека входить до переліку глобальних цілей сталого розвитку ООН та потребує детального вивчення. У статті наведено тлумачення термінів «глобальна продовольча проблема» та «продовольча безпека». Досліджено глобалізаційну взаємодію в умовах посилення глобальної продовольчої проблеми. Окреслено нові реалії вирішення продовольчої проблеми на глобальному рівні. Надано детальну характеристику найбільш поширеного індексу продовольчої безпеки GFSI. Наведено рейтинг України за індексом продовольчої безпеки в 2012-2018 роках в цілому та в розрізі субіндексів, зокрема: ціновою доступністю, фізичною доступністю, якістю та безпечністю, природними ресурсами і сталим розвитком. На основі проведеного порівняльного аналізу значень субіндексів продовольчої безпеки України з середніми світовими значеннями, визначено подальші шляхи адаптації до нових та постійно змінних умов глобального середовища задля забезпечення її провідних позицій на світовому ринку сільськогосподарської продукції та продовольства.
One of the important elements of national, urban and biosphere identity is the local cuisine, as a code that forms and translates certain values. Recently, in the US and Europe, the direction of interdisciplinary research has become relevant, which combining the problems of food, environmental ethics and safety. In the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, the risk of food insecurity is growing, especially in countries dependent on food imports. A pandemic offers the opportunity to transform food systems. Agribusiness is aimed at uninterrupted supply of cheap, unified food. The world trade market is quite pragmatic, it responds to the needs of trends in Western society, because it is a source of income and the basis of modern resource allocation. Concerned about the potential threat to food security during the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries and organizations are working hard to provide affordable food to consumers who can still access and buy food despite restrictions on movement and loss of income, as well as safe rural management farms. The purpose of the article is the implementation of the environmental aspects of identity in modern urban research. The article deals with the development of the 'Slow Food' movement in Ukraine. The movement supports farmers, studies and promotes local products, traditional recipes, and supports the biodiversity of species. In Ukraine, volunteers of the movement for more than ten years have been proving that food should be produced not only in environmentally friendly conditions, but also without harm to the environment, wildlife, society. Dnipro, Kyiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Simferopol and Chernihiv represent the cities of Ukraine. Bessarabia, Volyn, Galicia, Carpathians, Crimea and Podillia - present the 'culinary dialects' of the regions. Unlike other countries, Ukrainian primary centers are informal associations of enthusiasts who, at their own expense, embody the Slow Food philosophy and take part in the preserving and promotion of traditional foods. But most importantly is a movement of volunteers to help Ukraine to save landscapes and food independence which is based on on local products. Environmental aspects of urban life, the question of what plans we build them , for a long time they remained secondary to political and socio-economic problems. There are many initiatives now and the townspeople are addressing these issues, but they are not yet at the time. Odessa may become one of the sitopic cities of Ukraine. The creation of new lokal spaces and practices for the social cohesion and safe food for Odessa citizens contributes to the successful implementation of Cittaslow principles. An analysis of the trend towards more conscious consumption and understanding of the problems in the current food system will contribute to the development of gastronomic tourism. It is proved that Odessa can become one of the sitopic cities of Ukraine. Due to the creation of new lokal spaces and practices aimed at creating social cohesion and safe food for Odessa citizens, the principles of Cittaslow, a slow and environmentally friendly city, are being successfully implemented. ; Одним із важливих елементів біосферної, національної та міської ідентичності є локальна кухня як код, що формує і транслює певні цінності. Останнім часом у США та Європі актуалізується напрям міждисциплінарних досліджень, який об'єднує проблеми їжі, екологічної етики та безпеки. В умовах пандемії коронавируса COVID-19 посилюється необхідність гарантування продовольчої безпеки, особливо в країнах, що залежать від імпорту продуктів харчування. Агробізнес спрямований на безперебійне постачання дешевої, уніфікованої їжі. Ринок світової торгівлі досить прагматичний, він реагує на потреби трендів західного суспільства, бо це є і джерело прибутків, і основа сучасного розподілу ресурсів. Стривожені потенційною загрозою для продовольчої безпеки під час пандемії COVID-19, багато країн і організації докладають особливих зусиль для забезпечення доступними продуктами харчування споживачів, які все ще можуть отримати доступ і купити продукти, попри обмеження руху і втрати доходу, а також для безпечного ведення сільського господарства. Метою статті є імплементація екологічних аспектів національної та біосферної ідентичності в сучасні міські дослідження. Стаття присвячена розвитку руху Slow Food в Україні. Рух підтримує фермерів, вивчає і просуває локальні продукти і традиційні рецепти, підтримує біорізноманіття продуктів, рецептів і страв. В Україні волонтери руху вже більше десяти років доводять, що їжа повинна бути вироблена не тільки в екологічно чистих умовах, але й не завдавати шкоди навколишньому середовищу, тваринному світу, життю суспільства. Аналіз тенденції більш свідомого споживання та розуміння проблем у нинішній системі харчування сприятиме розвитку гастрономічного туризму. Доводиться, що Одеса може стати одним із сітопічних міст України. Внаслідок створення нових локаворських просторів та практик заради соціальної згуртованостї та безпечної їжі для одеситів успішно реалізуються приципи Cittaslow – повільного та екобезпечного міста.
Introduction. Food security is an integral component of the hierarchical division of "food safety of a person – region – country – world", which in turn forms national security. The issues of food security at any level requires comprehensive theoretical and methodological analysis, because there is no clear system of definitions, methods and models that would be generally accepted. The absence of a common approach to the study of food safety demonstrated by scientific controversy regarding the principles of its provision — globalization or sustainability (food autarchy). The need to develop an effective model of food security ensuring is confirmed not only by the needs of economic theory, but also by the demands of reality.The aim is to study the concept of self-sufficient development of society and analysis of food security of Ukraine in the context of socio-economic and political self-sufficiency of the country.Methods. Monographic method, theoretical generalization, systematization, synthesis and analysis are used to determine the main approaches to substantiating the model of food security of the country.Results. The nature of autarchy in the context of existing research is revealed. The scientific approaches to autarchy as a kind of policy, peculiarities of their usage in theoretical researches and economic practice are shown. The integration model of food security ensuring is offered on the principles of autarchy — self-sufficiency of the country and self-sufficiency of a person.Originality. An author's approach to the definition of autarchy was formed. Autarchy is a level of ensuring the national sovereignty of the country by the optimal ratio of domestic production, consumption and external exchanges — economic, informational, cultural and civilizational, resource, political, military, humanitarian based on the principle of independence as a basis for the security of the country. Food autarchy is the subordination of the principles of foreign trade to the principles of the priority of a domestic producer and human-centeredness, which is based on human safety.Conclusion. As a result of systematized approaches to the definition of autarchy as a self-sufficiency, the model of food security of Ukraine is proposed. This model contributes to solving socio-economic (growth of efficiency of the agricultural sector, sustainable development of rural areas, unemployment), demographic (prolonging of life expectancy, public health improving), environmental (organic production, reduction of harmful emissions to the environment) and energy (energy-saving technologies, increased usage of renewable energy) issues.
Introduction Energy and food production are so strongly associated, that actions in one area usually affect the other. To ensure energy and food security by increasing efficiency, reducing negative interaction, building synergies and improving governance we investigated relations in food-energy system.Purpose. Ensuring the cross-sectoral nature of the evaluation through the involvement of agriculture and energy sectors is one of the most difficult tasks. In order to ensure energy and food security by increasing efficiency, reducing negative interactions, increasing synergy and improving leadership, it is necessary to study the relationship of food and energy. This set the goal of the article - to ensure the rational and efficient use of the available resource potential of the internal food and energy sector.Methods. Methodological basis of the research were general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, abstract-logical, system and logical analysis, economic analysis, correlation-regression analysis, modeling. The information base of the study was legislative and government acts of Ukraine, official data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine.Results. The purpose of the article is to ensure the rational and efficient use of the available resource potential of the domestic food and energy sectors.The analysis of dynamics of production of agriculture and food industry was carried out. The agricultural sector of Ukraine is one of the leading branch of the national economy, which recently has positioned itself as a factor of economic growth and attractor that provides food security. However, Ukrainian agriculture is in a very difficult situation for a number of reasons.Ukrainian energy sector, its structure and energy intensity has been analyzed. Given the country's dependence on imports of such energy resources as gas and oil, high energy intensity limits the competitiveness of domestic production and poses a heavy burden on the economy. The use of non-renewable energy sources is one of the main reasons for the crisis state of the environment, and it is expedient to develop the domestic renewable energy. The state of production of renewable energy sources was investigated. The use of renewable energy sources, as well as the development and implementation of new technologies for their development is priority for the economy of our country. However, the feasibility of this approach should be based on the need to ensure food security.Originality. The originality of the paper is to find ways to solve the problem of ensuring the rational and efficient use of the available resource potential of the domestic food and energy sector of Ukraine.Conclusion. The globalization of energy security is linked to the humanitarian and social dimensions. Preserving a situation where a part of humanity has no access to energy resources is threatened by humanitarian catastrophes, growing tension in the world, the emergence of new conflicts and the growing global problems. Only a harmonious combination of bioenergy interests and food security has a prospect of independence and self-sufficiency of countries.
The article goal is to study the ensuring of rational and efficient use of available resource potential of domestic food sector, to reduce negative Ukrainian foreign trade balance and the level of country import dependence as a condition of food country self-sufficiency. Ukraine's agricultural sector is one of the leading industrial subdivisions of the national economy, which in recent years has positioned as a driver of economic growth and an attractor, ensuring food security. However, the agriculture of Ukraine is now in a very difficult situation due to a number of reasons. The problem of food security of Ukraine in the context of self-sufficiency is studied. The analysis of the dynamics of production of major food groups is made. Financial activities of food industry enterprises and their profitability are analyzed. Commodity structure of food export and import is investigated and importexport ratio for commodity food groups is calculated. Thus, given the Ukrainian realities and practical aspects of prospective implementation of the concept of food security in our country, it is necessary to include self-sufficiency of the country in food products in the content essence of this concept. Without denying the priority needs of the population of Ukraine in necessary amount of high-quality, affordable and environmentally sound food products, it is necessary to expand the export of processed food products that requires comprehensive support of domestic producers. ; Досліджено питання забезпечення продовольчої безпеки України в контексті самозабезпечення. Проведено аналіз динаміки виробництва основних груп харчових продуктів. Здійснено аналіз фінансової діяльності підприємств харчової промисловості та їх рентабельності. Досліджено товарну структуру експорту та імпорту продовольства й розраховано коефіцієнт покриття імпорту експортом за товарними продовольчими групами.
The problems of prices formation for agricultural products are analyzed. In Ukraine, prices have been liberalized without market environment, unlike economically developed countries, where the market environment has evolved over a long period of time. This has led to high price volatility, which is very difficult for manufacturers to adapt. They cannot develop business plans and marketing programs. Due to high risk, bank loans cannot be attracted. The effectiveness of direct financial support programs is decreasing. They did not ensure the overcoming of monopoly tendencies in the field of product purchases and stabilization of the prices of efforts of state agricultural management and public organizations aimed at establishing marketing cooperatives. The cooperative products are sold to the processing plants at the same prices at which they would be harvested and sold without setting up a cooperative. Such cooperatives only simplify the activities of processing enterprises for the procurement of raw materials. Cooperatives, which carry out the processing of products, are viable ones that influence the level of prices and stabilize them. This forms a self-regulatory vertical marketing system of the cooperative type. Without government intervention, prices are acceptable that are acceptable both, for the production and promotion and sale of products to the end consumer. Prices are promptly revised in the light of market conditions and problems that arise at individual levels of the supply chain. Auction results have a significant impact on the overall level and dynamic price changes. The information on the results of the bidding affects the price level, which is formed by all other alternative sales channels. Monopolistic tendencies by individual market participants in the field of agricultural purchases are often only possible due to the lack of information on market conditions from individual producers and possible price in alternative distribution channels. All wholesale agricultural markets established in Ukraine are of a supply nature. They operate in large cities and create the conditions for manufacturers to produce manufactured products, but require trading operations throughout the day. Such markets are more appropriate for intermediary structures that operate on a permanent basis. For the manufacturers of products, wholesale wholesale markets that are created in the areas of production of raw materials are more acceptable. The founders of such markets are usually sales cooperatives. Large cooperative lots of homogeneous products can be offered in such markets by cooperatives in such markets. Auctions may be organized and conducted for such products. ; Аналізуються проблеми формування цін на сільськогосподарську продукцію. На відміну від економічно розвинутих країн, де ринкове середовище формувалось еволюційно протягом тривалого періоду часу в Україні ціни були лібералізовані без такого сформованого ринкового середовища. Це призвело до проявів монопольних тенденцій, високої мінливості цін, адаптуватись до яких виробникам продукції дуже складно. Вони не можуть розробляти обґрунтованих бізнес-планів та маркетингових програм. Через високий ризик не можуть залучатись банківські кредити. Знижується ефективність програм прямої державної фінансової підтримки. Не забезпечили подолання монопольних тенденцій у сфері закупівель продукції та стабілізацію цін зусилля державних органів управління сільським господарством та громадських організацій, спрямовані на створення збутових кооперативів. Заготовлена кооперативами продукція збувається на переробні підприємства за тими ж цінами, за якими вона заготовлялась би і збувалась без створення кооперативу. Такі кооперативи лише спрощують діяльність переробних підприємств із заготівель сировини. Життєздатними, такими, що здійснюють вплив на рівень цін і їх стабілізацію є кооперативи, які крім заготівель, здійснюють переробку продукції. Цим формується саморегулівна вертикальна маркетингова система кооперативного типу. Тут без державного втручання формуються ціни, прийнятні як для сфери виробництва, так і сфери просування і реалізації продукції кінцевому споживачу. Ціни оперативно переглядаються з урахуванням кон'юнктури ринку і проблем, що виникають на окремих рівнях збутового ланцюга. Значний вплив на загальний рівень і динамічні зміни цін мають результати аукційних торгів. Інформація про результати торгів впливає на рівень ціни, що складається за усіма іншими альтернативними каналами збуту продукції. Монопольні тенденції, що здійснюють окремі учасники ринкових відносин у сфері закупівель сільськогосподарської продукції, часто можливі лише через відсутність в окремих виробників продукції інформації щодо кон'юнктури ринку і можливої ціни в альтернативних каналах розподілу. Усі створені в Україні оптові ринки сільськогосподарської продукції мають постачальницький характер. Вони функціонують у великих містах і створюють умови для реалізації виробниками виробленої продукції, але вимагають здійснення торговельних операцій протягом мало не всього дня. Такі ринки більш прийнятні для посередницьких структур, які здійснюють комерційну діяльність на постійній основі. Для виробників продукції прийнятніші оптові ринки збутового типу, які створюються у зонах виробництва сировини. Засновниками таких ринків, зазвичай, є збутові кооперативи. Збутовими кооперативами на таких ринках можуть пропонуватись великі товарні партії однорідної продукції. Щодо такої продукції можуть організовуватись та здійснюватись аукційні торги.
The article is devoted to the research of legal status of the producers of agricultural raw materials for infant nutrition in Ukraine. It is established that in the legislation of Ukraine there is no single approach to defining the concept of "an agricultural producer", which may create negative consequences in law enforcement. The article highlights the legal issues of general, special and particular legal personality of producers of plant and animal origin for infant nutrition. According to national legislation, producers of agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition are endowed with a special legal personality, which is manifested through the prism of their obligation to produce high-quality and safe agricultural raw materials. The article analyzes the current legal status of special raw material zones for the production of raw materials used for the manufacture of infant nutrition and dietary nutrition. As of 19 July 2019 the Register of Special Raw Zones includes nine businesses that produce agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition. At the same time, such entities mainly produce milk and raw milk, which is due to the statutory state support of those agricultural enterprises that produce ecologically clean milk and raw milk for baby nutrition in special raw material zones. The need to establish a ban on any use of pesticides in special raw material areas is stressed. It is noted that those agribusiness entities that operate in special raw material areas are able to provide baby nutrition producers with environmentally friendly and safe raw materials of animal and plant origin. At the same time, such entities have almost no advantages over agricultural producers without the status of a special raw material zone. The author emphasizes the negative trend of reducing the number of special raw material zones for the production of raw materials used for the manufacture of baby nutrition. Thus, there is an urgent need to create an effective mechanism of state support for agribusiness entities that have received the status of a special raw material zone. The author concludes that agricultural producers who produce raw materials in special raw material zones are endowed with a particular legal personality. Keywords: agricultural raw materials, agricultural production cooperative, baby food, genetically modified organisms, farming, food quality and safety, pesticides and agrochemicals, special raw material zone.
