Suchergebnisse

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de gıda güvencesinin durumu, temel gıda ürünlerinde kendine yeterli olup olmadığı ve seçilmiş temel bitkisel ve hayvansal ürünlerde kendine yeterlilik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ile gelecek dönem için tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye'de kendine yeterlilik riski bulunan tarım ürünlerinin üretim politikaları için çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte Türkiye'nin kendine yeterliliği sağladığı gıda ürünleri için dış pazardaki rekabet durumu da analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın kapsamı, gıda güvencesi koşulları çerçevesinde; sahip olunan doğal kaynaklar, sunulan teknoloji ve fiziki alt yapı, arazi kullanımı ve tarımsal üretim, tarımsal dış ticaret imkanlarının geçmişten günümüze kullanımının tespiti ile bu imkanları kullanırken gerekli olan gelir, satın alma gücü ve tüketim kalıplarıdır. Bu kapsamda uygulanan tarımsal destekleme politikaları, beslenme durumu, yoksulluk, gıda güvenliği ve gıda tüketiminde kendine yeterlilik derecesi gibi gıda güvencesinin alt bileşenleri ile birlikte bir bütün olarak Türkiye'de gıda güvencesinin mevcut ve gelecekteki durumu ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada ağırlıklı olarak TÜİK ve FAO'nun verileri kullanılmış ve 1990 yılından itibaren son 30 yıl incelenmiştir. Analizlerde ARIMA tahmin modelleri, Karşılaştırmalı İhracat Performans İndeksi (CEPI) ve Temel Bileşenler Analizi (TBA) kullanılmıştır. Temel bitkisel ve hayvansal ürünlerden buğday, ayçiçeği, şeker pancarı, mercimek, kuru fasulye, kırmızı et, tavuk eti ve sütün 2030 yılına kadar üretim, ihracat ve ithalat miktarları tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen tahmin değerleri ile yeterlilik dereceleri hesaplanmıştır. Mevcut durumda yetersiz olan buğday, ayçiçeği, mercimek, kuru fasulye ve kırmızı etin gelecek 10 yıl içinde de yetersiz olacakları ortaya çıkmıştır. Söz konusu yetersizlikler ithalat ile desteklenmektedir ve ithalatın giderek artacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Ancak bu durumun; gıda krizleri, doğal afetler ve ekonomik krizler gibi olası tehditler ile artan nüfus ve giderek daralan tarımsal alanlar karşısında uzun vadede sürdürülmesi mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle ele alınan ürünlerde yeterliliğin sağlanabilmesi için gerekli tedbirler ve politikalar önerilmiştir. Yeterli olup üretim fazlası bulunan ürünlerden zeytin, tavuk eti, yumurta ile yetersiz olup işlenmiş ürünlerine ait her yıl önemli miktarlarda ihracatı yapılan buğday ve ayçiçeğinin, ihracatta uluslararası rekabet gücü bakımından oldukça avantajlı bir konuma sahip oldukları da tespit edilmiştir. Gıda arzının ithalat desteği ile sağlanması, 11 milyon civarında yoksul nüfusun varlığı, %6 civarında beş yaş altı kronik beslenme yetersizliğine maruz nüfusun varlığı, her yıl artan nüfus karşısında son otuz yılda ortalama yıllık 160 bin hektar işlenen alanın tarım dışına çıkması, tarım alanının 'sinde erozyon sorununun bulunması, gıda güvencesinin sağlanmasında birer tehdit unsurları olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Türkiye mutlak olmasa da potansiyel olarak gıda güvencesini sağlamaktadır. Ancak gıda güvencesinin riskli olduğu gerekli ve sürdürülebilir tedbirler alınmaz ise bu güvencenin her an kaybedilebileceği ortaya çıkmıştır. ; In this study, it is aimed to predict the state of food security in Turkey, whether it is self-sufficient in basic food products and by determining the self-sufficiency levels in selected basic herbal and animal products. Solutions have been introduced for the production policies of agricultural products at risk of self-sufficiency in Turkey. However, the competitive situation in the foreign market has been analyzed for food products in which Turkey provides self- self-adequacy. The scope of the research is within the framework of food security conditions; the natural resources, the technology and physical infrastructure offered, the use of land and agricultural production, the income, purchasing power and consumption patterns required when using these facilities with the determination of the use of agricultural foreign trade opportunities from the past to the present. The current and future status of food security in Turkey as a whole is discussed along with the agricultural support policies implemented within this scope, the sub-components of food security such as nutrition status, poverty, food safety and the degree of self-sufficiency in food consumption. The data of TURKSTAT and FAO were used mainly in the research and the last 30 years have been examined since 1990. ARIMA forecast models, Comparative Export Performance Index (CEPI) and Basic Components Analysis (TBA) were used in the analysis. Wheat, sunflower, sugar beet, lentils, dried beans, red meat, chicken meat and milk are estimated to be produced, exported and imported by 2030 from basic herbal and animal products. Estimated values and proficiency grades have been calculated. Wheat, sunflower, lentils, dried beans and red meat, which are currently self-deficient, will be insufficient in the next 10 years. These deficiencies are supported by imports and it is estimated that imports will increase gradually. However, This situation is not possible in the long term in the face of increasing populations and shrinking agricultural areas with possible threats such as food crises, natural disasters and economic crises. Therefore, necessary measures and policies have been proposed to ensure proficiency in the products discussed. Wheat and sunflower, which are adequate and exported in significant quantities of olives, chicken meat, eggs and processed products each year from products with surplus production, have also been found to have a very advantageous position in terms of international competitiveness in exports. Providing food supply with import support, the presence of around 11 million poor populations, the presence of chronic malnutrition under the age of 6% of the population under the age of five, the average annual 160,000 hectares of land processed out of agriculture in the last three decades in the face of the increasing population, the fact that there is an erosion problem in 37% of the agricultural area, has become a threat in ensuring food security. Turkey provides potentially food security, if not absolute. However, it has been revealed that this security could be lost at any time if necessary and sustainable measures are not taken that food security is risky.

İnsanın en temel ihtiyacı olan beslenmenin sağlanabilmesi için tarımsal üretim ve gıdalar stratejik önem taşımaktadır. Gıda arzının yeterli düzeyde sağlanabilmesi, güvenli gıdalar üretilmesi, üretilen gıdanın eşit bir şekilde paylaşılabilmesi gibi birçok faktör gıda güvencesi ve güvenliği ile ilgilidir. Bu çalışmanın amaçları üç grup altında toplanmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki gıda güvencesi ve gıda güvenliği kavramlarının tarihsel perspektifte açıklanması, ikincisi dünyada gıda güvencesi ve gıda güvenliğinin sağlanamamasının nedenlerinin global ve ülkelerin gelişme düzeyleri itibariyle incelenmesi ve bölgelerarası açıdan son gelişmelerin ortaya konmasıdır. Son olarak da Türkiye açısından konunun genel olarak değerlendirilip, sorunlara yönelik, çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmasıdır. Bu kapsamda, global düzeyde gıda güvencesinde ve güvenliğinde gerek kavramsal olarak, gerek politikalar ve uygulama düzeyinde bir takım olumlu gelişmeler dikkati çekerken, gıda güvencesizliği ve güvenilirsizliğinin nedenlerinin ve etkilerinin bölgelerarası ve ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeylerinde farklı olduğu ortaya konmaktadır. Türkiye'de ise gıda güvenliği açısından mevzuatta ve gündemde bir takım gelişmeler yaşanmaktadır ancak uygulama yönünde bazı sorunlar mevcuttur. Gıda güvencesi ve gıda güvenliğinde olumlu gelişmeler sağlanabilinmesi için, makroekonomi ve sosyal politikalar ile uyumlu sonuç odaklı tarım politikası amaç ve araçlarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. ; Agricultural production and foods are of strategic importance in order to achieve nourishment as the most basic need of human. Several factors such as the provision of food supply at an adequate level and sharing of the produced food equally are related with food safety and security. The objectives of the present study are gathered under three groups. While firstly it is aimed to explain the concepts of food safety and food security within the historical perspective, secondly it is planned to examine the reasons why food safety and food security could not be achieved in the world -in both global terms and in view of countries' respective development levels- and to set forth the latest developments in regional terms. Finally, it is aimed to make a general review of the topic in terms of Turkey and to propose solutions to the problems. In this context, while some positive developments in global food safety and security are observed -both in terms of concept and policies and applications-, it is set forth that the reasons and effects of the failure in achieving food safety and reliability vary according to the different development levels of regions and countries. In Turkey, on the other hand, it is pointed out that while some developments concerning food safety are experienced in terms of legislation, there are still problems in food safety practice; and improvements in food security, which also involves food safety, can only be achieved through the purposes and tools of agricultural policies that also need to be in harmony with macroeconomic and social policies.

Gıda güvenliği günümüzde, dünyada yasanan gıda kaynaklı hastalıklar nedeniyle, gerek tüketicilerin gerekse üreticilerin en önemli sorunlarından biri halini almıstır. Tüketicilerin gıda güvenliği konusunda artan ilgisi ve endiseleri, hükümetleri, gıda üreticilerini ve kamu otoritelerini bu konuda daha fazla özen göstermeye itmektedir. Bu arastırmanın amacı; gıda güvenliği konusunda Türkiye'ye gelen yabancı turistlerin algılamalarının belirmektir. Bu amaçla Türkiye'yi ziyaret eden 524 yabancı uyruklu turiste anket uygulanarak gıda güvenliği algılarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmistir. Anket 5 bölümden ve 79 sorudan olusmaktadır. Anketin birinci bölümünü katılımcıların gıda güvenliği bilgi düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik sorular olusturmaktadır. Anketin ikinci bölümünde katılımcıların seyahat tercihi nedenleri ve gıda güvenliğinin seyahat tercihlerini etkileme düzeyini tanımlamaya yönelik ifadeler yer almaktadır. Anketin üçüncü bölümünde katılımcıların kendi ülkeleri, Türkiye, Türkiye'de konakladıkları otel ve otel dısındaki restoranlar hakkında gıda güvenliği algılamalarını belirlemeye yönelik sorular yer almaktadır. Dördüncü bölüm katılımcıların Türkiye, Türkiye'de konakladıkları otel ve otel dısında ki restoranlar hakkında gıda güvenliği algılamalarını ölçmeye yönelik ifadelerden olusmaktadır. Besinci bölümde ise demografik değerlendirmelerin (cinsiyet, yas, eğitim durumu, uyruk, yurtdısına çıkma sıklığı ve Türkiye'ye gelis sayısı) bulunduğu 6 soru yer almaktadır. Çalısmada Türkiye'ye gelen yabancı turistlerin Türkiye'deki gıda güvenliği algı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıstır. Belirlenen algı düzeyleri ile katılımcıların demografik özellikleri arasında anlamlı farklılıkların olup olmadığını test etmek amacıyla SPSS 17.0 istatistik programından yararlanılmıstır. Arastırma sonucunda, genel olarak Türkiye'ye yönelik gıda güvenliği algısının olumlu olduğu görülürken, arastırmanın yapıldığı otel aritmetik ortalamasının Türkiye aritmetik ortalamasından yüksek olduğu saptanmıstır. Ayrıca, katılımcıların tatil kararlarını verirken gidecekleri ülkeler hakkında ön bilgiler aldıkları ve destinasyondaki gıda güvenliğinin de (ülkenin güvenliği, su güvenliği, hizmet kalitesi, deniz, kum, günes, kültür zenginliği, fiyatının uygun olması, konukseverlik, kültür zenginliği ve ülkeye ulasım kolaylığı) tatil kararlarında önemli bir rol oynadığı belirlenmistir ; Food safety has become one of the leading issues for both consumers and producers today because of the food-borne diseases. The increasing awareness and worries of consumers about the food safety push the governments and food producers to pay more attention to this issue. The aim of this study is to determine the perception level of tourists visiting Turkey in food safety manner. Thus, for this purpose, a survey study conducted covering 524 foreign-origin tourists. The survey is consisted of 5 parts and 79 questions. The first part is including questions measuring the participants' information level about food safety. On the second part, there are statements determining the level of effect caused by travel choice due to the food safety and reason of travel. In the third part of survey, there are questions to measure the level of food safety perception of participants about restaurants both inside and outside of their hotels where they reside in their own countries and in Turkey. The forth part is comprised of expressions aiming to measure participants' level of food safety perception about Turkey and restaurants both inside and outside the hotels where they stay in Turkey. The six questions relating to the demographic assessments (gender, age, education, nationality, travel frequency abroad and the number of visits to Turkey) can be found on the fifth part. In the study, it is aimed to find out perception level of foreign tourists visiting Turkey about their food safety conception in Turkey. SPSS 17.0 statistics software was used to test whether there is significant difference between the determined perception level and participants' demographic specifications. At the end of the research, it is found that while the general food safety perception toward sources in Turkey is positive, arithmetic hotel mean is higher than general arithmetic mean of Turkey. Moreover, participants receive brief information about the destination country and destination country's food safety is also play important role (together with general security of the country, water safety, service quality, sea-sun-beaches, cultural richness, affordable prices, hospitality and easy access) while participants are making their holiday decisions.

Somali, merkezi Somali Cumhuriyeti'nin Ocak 1991'de çökmesinden bu yana politik ve ekonomik bir karmaşa içindedir ve tarım sektörü etkili bir şekilde büyümemiştir. Kuraklık, kıtlık ve yerel çatışmalar, Somali'nin de dahil olduğu birçok Afrika ülkesinde ekonomik, sosyal ve politik krizleri tetiklemiştir. Gıda güvencesinde sürekliliğin sağlanamadığı bu ülkelerde halkın önemli bir bölümü halen yeterli beslenememektedir. Yetersiz beslenme dünyanın yoksul ülkelerinin çoğu için kritik bir konudur. Afrika nüfusunun dörtte birinden fazlasının (yaklaşık 333 milyon insan) bu sorunla yüzleştiği de bilinmekte, Birleşmiş Milletler dünya çapında beş yaşın altındaki yaklaşık 151 milyon çocuğun yetersiz beslenmeye bağlı olarak büyüme ve gelişme geriliği yaşadığını tahmin etmektedir. Birleşmiş Milletler, Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü (FAO) tavukçuluğun yoksul ülkelerde açlık ve yetersiz beslenme ile mücadelede önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Özellikle çok yüksek kalitede saf protein içeren tavuk yumurtasının, B12 vitamini ve kolin başta olmak üzere küçük çocuklar için gerekli esansiyel besinlerin neredeyse tümünün alımı sağlar. Dünya genelinde oldukça popüler bir besin olan yumurta uygun maliyetle üretilebilir. Tavuk eti de uygun maliyetli bir başka hayvansal protein kaynağıdır. Bu realite tavukçuluğu dünya çapında bir sektör, yumurta ve beyaz eti de en çok tüketilen besin haline getirmiştir. Hali hazırda çiftliklerde yetiştirilen tavuklar dünyadaki 30 milyar kara hayvanının yaklaşık 23 milyarını oluşturmaktadır. Güçlü bir kümes hayvanı endüstrisi mükemmel bir gıda arzının yanı sıra iyi bir istihdam yaratma kaynağı olarak da görülmektedir. Uluslararası kalkınma örgütleri ve yardım vakıfları başta olmak üzere birçok kişi, kurum ve organizasyon tavukçuluğun acil açlık sorununa ekonomik ve uygulaması kolay bir çözün olduğu konusunda hemfikirdir ve Afrika'nın birçok bölgesinde benzer girişimler yaşanmaktadır. Proje kapsamında uluslararası kalkınma örgütleri ve yardım vakıfları tarafından teşvik edilen tavukçuluğun Somali'ki mevcut durumu, gelişim değişim sürecinin stratejik değerlendirmesi yapılarak geleceğe ilişkin yeni bir perspektif oluşturulmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilecek sonuçlar tavukçuluğun desteklenmesi ve sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişimine ışık tutabilecek, yerel gıda pazarının büyümesini ve ürün çeşitliliğinin artmasını sağlayacak bilgi ve bulgulara veri tabanı oluşturacaktır. Bu çalışma hali hazırda büyük bir tavuk çiftliğini inşa eden Somalili girişimcilerin karşılaştığı sorunların da tespiti adına büyük önem arz etmektedir. Somali'de tavukçuluğun gelişmesi ve yaygınlaşması ithal kümes hayvanlarına bağımlılığını sona erdirerek, gıda güvencesinin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayabilecek potansiyele sahiptir. ; Somalia has been in a political and economic chaos since the Central Republic of Somalia collapsed in January 1991, and the agricultural sector has not grown effectively. Droughts, recurrent famines and local conflicts triggered economic, social and political crises in many African countries, including Somalia. In these countries, where sustainability in food security cannot be achieved, a significant portion of the population is still not sufficiently fed. Malnutrition is a critical issue for most poor countries in the world. It is also known that more than a quarter of the African population (about 333 million people) face this problem, and the United Nations estimates that approximately 151 million children under the age of five experience slow growth and development retardation due to malnutrition worldwide. The United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) suggests that poultry can play an important role in fighting hunger and malnutrition in poor countries. Chicken egg containing very high quality pure protein provides the intake of almost all the essential nutrients necessary for young children, especially vitamin B12 and choline. Egg, which is a very popular food worldwide, can be produced cost-effectively. Chicken meat is another cost-effective source of animal protein. This reality made eggs and poultry meat the most consumed food globally. The chickens currently grown on farms make up about 23 billion of the 30 billion land animals in the world. A strong poultry industry is seen as a source of good employment as well as excellent food supply. Many people, institutions and organizations, especially international development organizations and charities, agree that poultry is an economic and easy-to-apply solution to the emergency hunger problem, and similar initiatives are taking place in many parts of Africa. Within the scope of the project, the current situation of poultry in Somalia, which is encouraged by international development organizations and charities, will try to create a new perspective for the future by making a strategic assessment on the development change process. The results obtained from this study will create a database of information and findings that can shed light on the support and healthy development of poultry sector and increase the local food market and increase product range. This study is of great importance in order to detect the problems faced by Somali entrepreneurs who are building large poultry farms. The development and spread of poultry in Somalia has the potential to end its dependence on imported poultry and ensure the sustainability of food security.

ÖZETEnerji bireysel düzeyde, devlet düzeyinde ve uluslararası sistemde bütün mal ve hizmetlerin üretiminde gerekli temel bir kaynaktır. Besin ve diğer ürünlerin üretim ve tedarikindeki önemine ek olarak bilgi edinme, iletişim, aydınlanma, ısınma, çalışma ve ulaşım gibi yaşamsal öneme sahip gerekliliklerin devamı için enerjinin aksama olmaksızın sağlanması gereklidir. Enerji kaynakları gerekli ve zararsız şekilde sağlanmadığında, ulusların enerji güvenliği sekteye uğrayıp yaşam standartları da etkileneceğinden enerji konusunda dikkatli bir planlama yapılmalıdır. Bu süreçte fosil yakıtların küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği ile dünyada doğa ve yaşam döngüsünde yaratacağı tahribatın önlenmesi ve çevreye zararın düşük olacağı gerekli alternatiflerin oluşturulması için devlet düzeyinde gerekli koşulların sağlanması önemlidir. Çevresel felaketlerin toprak, hava ve su yoluyla diğer ülkelere hızla ulaştığı düşünüldüğünde, bir ülkede enerji güvenliğinin sağlanması coğrafi olarak çok uzak diğer ülkelere etkisi ile de çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle enerjinin sürekli ve güvenli bir şekilde dünyaya, hayata ve çevreye minimum zarar ile kullanılmasını içeren daha geniş bir enerji güvenliği kavramı oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada enerji güvenliği fosil ve nükleer enerji kaynakları, yenilenebilir kaynaklar ve kıt bir kaynak olması nedeniyle enerji çevrimi sürecinde su kullanımı ile birlikte gösterilmiştir. Enerji güvenliği kavramı ana politik ekonomi teorileri ve Soğuk Savaş sonrasında tanınmış olan sosyal inşacılık teorisi ışığında incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda enerjide yüksek oranda dışa bağımlı olan Türkiye'nin enerji güvenliği sorununun çözümüne yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının etkisi belirli kriterler altında sosyal inşacı yaklaşım ile analiz edilmiştir. ABSTRACTEnergy is an essential resource in the production of all goods and services at the individual level, the state level and the international system. In addition to the importance of the production and supply of food and other products it is necessary to maintain energy for continuing the vital requirements such as information, communication, enlightenment, heating, operation and transportation. Energy planning should be done carefully because the nation's energy securities will be interrupted and life standards will be affected if energy resources are not provided in a necessary and harmless way. Within this period it is important to provide necessary conditions at the state level in order to prevent the destruction of the nature and life cycle in the world caused by global warming and climate change due to fossil fuels and to create necessary alternatives that will cause less harm to the environment. When it's thought that environmental disasters are to reach other countries rapidly through land, air and water, the provision of energy security in one country is very important with its impact on other countries. For this reason, there is a wider concept of energy security which involves continuous and safely using energy with minimum harm to the world. In this work, energy security has been demonstrated along with fossil and nuclear energy sources, renewable sources and water use in the energy cycle process due to the fact that it is a scarce resource. The concept of energy security has been examined in the light of the main political economic theories and the social constructivist theory which is well known after the Cold War. In this respect, the effect of renewable energy sources on the energy security issue of Turkey which is highly dependent on energy has been analyzed with social constructivist approach under certain criteria.

SUMMARYA great changement was occurring after fell down the Berlin Wall in East Europe, in 1989.The countries had begun to new period with high debts and inflation by these changements.East European countries have a common feature by carry out the transition period politics by rapidly in this process. So, it was necessity on stabilization politics but not easy.At result, privatization and restructure got an importance.I – THEORICAL AND CONSEPTIONAL FRAME OF MARKET ECONOMYFree market economy has the same philosophy and idea with liberalism. Economical liberalism is defended the free competition, reducing the customs taxes, import freedom and resisted to interference of state on the economy.Classical economy's base is economical freedom and market economy. Market economy is relying on free competition and private enterprise. Price mechanism and world prices are important. Interference of state must be in minimum levels. Public sector must be reduced. Basic factors such as wage, capital and foreign currency must reflect the real market prices, must get an importance to external trade.1-DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET ECONOMY1.1. CLASSIC REVIEWFree trade, specialization only on one field, annihilate the obstacles such as customs and quotas, interferences of state on the market are most important according to Adam Smith, which lived in 18th century.A specialization between nations must be obtained according to Ricardo. So, it must be an exchange on the entire world. 1.2. NEO-CLASSIC REVIEWAlfred Marshall, Leon Walras and Carl Menger is an echol. The state must be more active to improve the poor part of community and must create the opportunities on the market, get the taxes from revenues and wealth, finance the education, health, park and city planning, defence the personal freedom, private property and open markets, manufacture the public commodities.1.3. ORDO-LIBERALISM REVIEWIt is different from classic liberalism. Economical regularity is social which emerges in an evident process, not natural. Social and juridical standards emerge the economical system.Price, monetarily stability, sciences, stability and durability on economical politics are important to emerging of market economy.Basic aim is bring to existence an economical constitution.2- BASIC ELEMENTS OF MARKET ECONOMYBasic factors are enterprising, competition, economical ideas and attitudes.Enterprising is a person which makes unity the manufacturing factors, makes direct the investments, begins to motion by utilize the signals from internal and external markets, gets the share on productivity and determines the firm profit. Basic aim is profit.Competition is social event, protects the personal, which works with high productivity against to personal, which works with low productivity, uses the sources most effectively. Buyer and seller number must be too much in this system. Competition is opposed to monopolization but necessity laws and politics have to support it. ECONOMICAL IDEAS AND ATTITUDESIt includes price, wage, interest, hire and foreign currency. Price system occurs freely according to rate of request and demand conditions. At this straight, firms and consumers must carry out their decisions freely.3- MARKET MECHANISM FLOW AND ROLE OF SOURCE DISTRIBUTIONConsumers and producers have activities on the market economy. The prices are determined according to the lowest cost and to the highest profit.Ideal special future is high productivity, low profit and high production. Competition reduces the profit to the lowest level.Main mechanism on free market is price. If the relative scarcity is enough, request and demand is more or less equal.Producers and consumers may have a decision according to the price indicator and request and demand. This case makes lead the manufacturing, increases the alternatives, also economical activities make an harmony against to conditions.The evident features of market economy are free decision, liberty on preferences, a great price mechanism and competition. So, economical stability is obtainable.Interferences may apply on the market economy for public health, regulations on economical activities, protect the consumers. These motions are generally precautions to control of drugs and drink manufacturing and consumption, annihilation of harmful on public health, growth the power on economic morals, make grow the quality, regulation on manufacturing and marketing. The state may meddle with economy to development rapidly. For example, the state may encourage the saving, increase the rates of interest, decrease the taxes to get on the saving, provide the precautions on investment.The buyers and sellers cannot determine the price on one's own on free competition market. Otherwise monopoly, trust and cartels may occur, stability may out of order between commodity and services.Market economy may deviate from the rules on two main categories.Manufacturer, buyer and seller may make deviate from the rules. Especially trade unionization is effective on this deviation.The state may interfere in economy by taxes, if social and individual advantages different, it may deviate from competition market.The state is exist in every kind of economy and serves to people with harmony and politics and social philosophies of our age. Also it provides security, education and health services but it doesn't determine the prices. It is one of the biggest manufacturers at the same time.II – HISTORICAL WIEW TO BULGARIAN ECONOMY IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD OF FREE MARKET ECONOMY1. BASIC SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL INDICATORS1.1. GENERALThe form of government is republic, capital is Sofia, Population is 8.297.000(1997), increasing of population is %0. 7, distinctive characteristics in common with Turkishs, Pomaks, Russians, Gipsies, Tatars, Jewishes are in 16 percent.Estimated agricultural area is 1/3 and woodland is 1/3 of all the land. Charcoal, petroleum, natural gas, ferrum and sources except metal are too much. Bulgaria can't use the money too much on surroundings cause of economical lacks.Too many people are migrated to Turkey reason of economical lacks after communism regime. Population is decreased year by year, but unemployment.2. BULGARIA BEFORE 1989Ottoman empire had governorship on the Bulgaria more 500 years till 1908. Then, Bulgarian Kingdom is founded in 1908. Stamboliyski is in powered from Farmer Party in 1920. A new fascism supporter government is founded but communists and farmers were outside of government.Bulgaria is allied with Germany in 1941. Although a new government was found in 1944, the republican regime with referendum is founded in 1946. The new constution is validated in 1947. Cercenkov is in powered in 1950, relations with U.S.A. were out of order and membership of United Nations was validity in 1955.The new constitution is validated in 1971. T.Jivkow is in powered continually, became arrested cause of irregularity in 1990 and then, again a new constitution is validated. Communist Party is made to take out of only one party. In that year, state's name is changed to Republic of Bulgaria and removed the communist symbols from flag. Privatizational laws are validated with Jelev in 1992. The Government of Videnov is contraried the privatization in 1994.Peter Stoyanov is Nato's supporter and he was president in 1996. United Democratic Forces is in powered with 52 percent of vote after selections in 1997.2.1. COMECON AND COLLAPSING OF SYSTEMComecon is a union that emerged by East European Countries. Bulgarian economy has begun to transition period with some negative ness like other East European countries causes of political incompetence and dissociating end of 1980s.Bulgaria which had more than 60 percent of export to associate but it had couldn't find the new markets cause of inadequate ship of quality standards and had an old technology. Foreign currency reserves are high level. It has too many debts, political incompetent ship in the land. Financial system is not conformity to market economy and also could not claim 2 million dollars of money owing from Iraq because of golf war. So, Bulgaria couldn't save from crisis because of above reasons.2.2 GENERAL ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SECTORSBulgarian manufacturing industry basically is founded on textile, wooden engrave, leather products and food prep rationing sectors.Bulgaria had realisation the attacks on the heavy industry that supported by S.S.C.B. after 2nd world war.Production of electro-mechanic and electronic goods in manufacturing sector is reached to an important share since 1970s.The biggest natural wealth of Bulgaria is productive earths. There are not important minerals in Bulgaria.In the following period of 2nd world war, metallurgy and chemical production had an importance. Industry sector had old technology. Its competition is losted the power with disunited of the Comecon.Productivity rates on industry are grown with economical reforms that started in 1979. Economical growing is dynamically continued in spite of reducing the productivity on agriculture sector, building sector and investments in Bulgaria. Especially, price volatility on agriculture sector is a reason of suspicion about real value of growth in 1988 according to 1987.Productions on agriculture and industry of Bulgaria are reduced according to statistics. Main problem on agriculture sector is delivery prices of goods.A stagnation indicator on Bulgarian economy is weakness of building and construction sector. Manufacturing products such as cement and weawing is in necessity. Manufacturing level is inadequate on that area and also unqualificationed organisations have been affected.2.3 - FOREIGN TRADEThere are no definite results on foreign trade reason of inadequate of numerical data's.However, export is increased up to the rate of 4 percent in 1988 and import is reduced to the rate of 1.8 percent. Bulgaria finance deficit is 600 million dollars result of trade with west countries in 1998. Tourism revenues are positive. Trade connections with Turkey are weak according to another East European countries.2.4 – PERESTROICA POLITICSThe new age on economy with state council's decision is started in January 9,1989. Activities to get the indepences of firms are velocitied. At the same time, this decision is more benefit to foreign investors too.3. 1989 – 1997 TRANSITION PERIOD3.1 – ECONOMICAL REFORM ACTIVITIESAlteration is started in east block countries after 1989 and together with this alteration. Comecon is losted the activity. So, idle capacities are commenced and Bulgaria is losted the production markets.The reforms are making started by new government in February 1991. External trade regime is liberalisation in one direction; this is one of the import nest factors of the reforms. With a decision is accepted in 1989, basic of economical reforms are occurred. Firms had equal rights to execution of economical activities. The laws related to foreign investment are validated in 1992.Commercial banks have gone to consolidation. Prices had freed except 11 basic consumption. Economical activities, government status on economy, foreign trade and foreign exchange regime, price regulations, privatization, tax systems are reorganized about foreign investors.3.2. SECTORAL CONSTITUTIONIndustrial sector had the over 50 percent of share on economy until 1990s. 11 private sector's share with service and trade sector approached to 60 percent between 1992 and 1997.SECTORSProductivity with old technologies on industrial sector is at low level. Engineering sector is developed. Products of textile sector are manufactured at high quality.CHEMICALSChemical products that have an important mark on export of Bulgaria. They were 1,096 milliard dollars with 22,3 percent in 1997 and 983 million dollars with 19.4 percent of total export in 1998.AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND TOBACCORate of plan tablelands are 34 percent in Bulgaria. Totally 304 firms are active on food, drink and tobacco sector.METALLURGY AND MINERSHIPIron product is 6.2 percent and other than iron is 6.8 percent on all of industry in 1998. In 1997, metallurgy sector is grown up to 117.2 percent with 529 million dollars in total amount of export in Bulgaria.MACHINEShare of machine sector is 13.8 percent in all of industry. Principal are; Machine parts, tractor, bus, ship, building and auto spare parts.CONSTRUCTIONPrivate firms in the sector have share with 13 percent in 1991. That share is grown to 62 percent in 1995 but then; it is reduced reason of financial inadequate ships.TOURISMTourism revenues are approximately 280 million dollars in 1995.4.5 million of transits and totally 8 million tourists are visited the Bulgaria in 1996.3.3. TRADE AFTER ECONOMICAL REFORMSExport of Bulgaria is totally 4.9 milliard dollars in 1997. The import nest export products are fuel oil, other fuels, cooper and its products and nuclear reactors. Import is 4.5 milliard dollars in 1997 and included the product such as mineral fuels, nuclear reactor heaters and spare parts, electric machines, mineral substances, cotton, synthetic fibres, cereals, auto and tractors.3.4. EXTERNAL DEBTSRate of the external debts to export revenues were 249.9 Percent in 1993 but then, back to 188.2 percent in 1994.Official external debts were 10.363 dollars in the end of 1997.3.5. FOREIGN INVESTORS EXTERNAL CAPITALMost investments with 636.2 million dollars by foreigners are made in 1997. This amount is 526 million dollars in 1998. Principal foreign investors are European countries and U.S.A. A new foreigner investment law is prepared in Oct 1997. Main sectors to investment are industry, trade, finance and tourism.3.6. COMMERCIAL BANKINGState banks are privatization by associate. Regulations relate to control of banking are valitidied by government. In the middle of 1997, a new law on banking are validated after economical crisis in 1996, Central Bank Law are rebuilt. High levels of capital and capital qualifications are obligationed.3.7. PRIVATIZATIONPrivatization is started with foundation transformation and privatization belongs to state and municipalities in April 1992. Privatization Agency is built-up. Privatization is realization with totally 836 million dollars between Jan 1,1993 and Dec 30,1998. Its part of 421.4 million dollars is in 1997 and part of 116 million dollars is realization in 1998.Foundations like ports, telecommunication and, etc.are out of privatization by laws. 95 percent of state firms transformed to form of private limited or nationalization. Share of these firms are belong to state.III. BULGARIA IN EUROPAN UNION AND CONNECTIONS WITH TURKEY1. BULGARIAN ECONOMY AND CONNECTIONS WITH TURKEYTest and certification operations, metal products except iron, chemical products, cereals, operational petroleum. Products are important substances from Bulgaria to Turkey.Although weaving products, food, chemical products, leather and stout leather products, glass, ceramics, brick products are ones of important from Turkey to Bulgaria.1.1. CONTENTS OF FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN TURKEY AND BULGARIAAll taxes and restrictictions on industrial products by signed on European Agreement between European Union and Bulgaria in Mar 8,1993 and validated in Dec 31,1993 will be removed till 2002.Turkey and Bulgaria made easy to particularization into agricultural products market by reduced the taxes for between their selves.End of signed acts, 131 products of 446 that stated to Turkey and 1141 goods of existing on European Union Agreement are liberalization by remove from list of sensitive products.Foreign companies had a partnership rights with corporations and individuals and also foreign individuals had a right on economical activities by law of keeping foreign investors, which is validated in 1992. Same economical rights are recognized between foreigners and Bulgarians and also getting unlimited share from exist companies and companies that will be found.2. CONNECTIONS WITH EUROPEAN UNION AND FINANCIAL PORTREIT OF BULGARIA2.1. CONNECTION WITH EUROPEAN UNION OF BULGARIAIn the autumn 1989, Berlin wall is demolished and this motion make united the European that had divided to east and west after 2nd world war. Comecon's mean is continuing the economical dependent ship to Soviet Union. But, most east and west European countries reject it. After these European Union augmented economical and political supports to that countries reason of carry out and conclude the reform, which is started in middle and east European countries.Firstly, a group includes the Turkey is formed by 24 of OECD countries. G24s are transferred to entrust with coordination of support to the European Union Commission.That commission is functionizationed the Phare program that helps on financial and technical areas to Poland and Hungary. Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania in Sept.1990, Albanian, Estonia, Leetonia and Livonia in Jan.1992 and Slovenia in Aug.1992 are included by Phare program.Military regulations on security of West European losted the importance but they are already securely areas.Main political aims that related to Middle and East European countries of European Unions are explained below;a- Encouragement of liberal democratic system with respectful of law's superiority.b- to be sense on surroundingsc- to prevent the ethnical collidesd- to prevent the migration to foreign countries at the west.e- Phare program and encouragement of free market economy from planned economy.2.2. WHAT IS THE PHARE PROGRAM?Phare program's aim is build the encourage mental conditions to the market economy and to take pains about investments on economies of Middle and East Europe countries. This program includes unfinancable fields by traditional external supports. That supports on the program is formed by credits and encouragements and used for pilot projects related to reorganization of associations.Bulgaria is taken a support of 10.6 millions ECU by include of Phare program.European Union don't use only Phare program as a tool on politics related to Middle and East Europe countries, except itIncludes the programs within own constitution such as ERASMUS and COMETT.2.3. FIRST PERIOD (before 1989)In this period; trading is developed between Middle and East European countries that named as COMECON COUNTRIES but couldn't show the same developments against to West Europe in European Union.Soviet Union takes the priority on exporting with countries. Bulgaria is the develop pest country on trade with Soviet Union.2.4 TRANSITION PERIOD (1989-1992)The great changements occurred on trade in Soviet Union and Middle and East Europe countries from starting the reforms in 1989 to 1992.From 1989,trade and partnership agreements signed with Hungary and Poland then, with Czechoslovakia in 1990,also Bulgaria and Romania in 1991. At the same time, rejection is started on amount of restrictions. Exporting is increased between Middle and East European countries, Soviet Union and European Union other than below too;Devaluation in the countries other than Hungary,- Workings to join into the West European markets reason of re-emerging the losted ones in East European- Import is on peak-level from those countries to Germany after unitized the East and West Europe.2.5. EUROPEAN AGREEMENTSEuropean agreements are acted end of 1991.Bulgaria-Europe agreement's date of signature: Mar8, 1993Date of being inforce: Dec 31,1995Temporarily agreement: Dec 31,1992European agreement has been in force in Bulgaria, end of 1995. European agreements are partnership agreements that signed by based on 238th paragraph of Roma agreement and Maastricht agreement. According to that state, increasing of export is an prestipulation to growth the economy with stability.3. SUCCEED OF STABILITY PROGRAM IN BULGARIABulgaria signed on an agreement with IMF to pass over the economical hardships and started the reforms in 1991.Economy is grown at the rates of 2.1 percent in 1995.In 1997,economy has the new crisis related to Yugoslavia crisis and so, Bulgaria signed on a new agreement with IMF.Leva is fixed with 20 DM and 1000 Bulgarian Leva to 1 DM and constructral reforms is started to gain the speed.Economy in Bulgaria grown to positive from 1994 but to the 10.9 percent in 1996.- Inflation rates (%) in Republic of Bulgaria; 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 199882,2 72,8 96,2 62 123,1 1082,3 22,3After the stand-by agreement with IMF, inflation approached to 22.3 percent in 1998.Annual average of inflation is expected as 7.3 percent in 1999 and 9.0 percent in 2000.Bulgaria is the poorest country according to other east European countries candidate to membership of EU. Bulgarian Leva is determined by rejected the 3 zeros from Detsch Mark. So, new Leva is make related on euro at the rates of 1.95583:euro 1 (Lvl:DMI ).CONCLUSION:Bulgaria is declared the moratorium reason of hardness's to find an external debt, to refund the capital and interests of external debt.While external debt is 10.6-milliard dollars end of 1990,it has been 12.2 milliard dollars, end of 1993. So, started to paces towards to market economy in Feb 1991. Annual inflation is reduced from 338.5 percent in 1991 to 79.4 percent in 1992.The debts of managements of state are ruined the budget and also a reason to broken balance on economy too.The crisis on foreign currency is occurred in Mar 1994. Reforms have been out of control at the result of that crisis.Leva is devaluated as 100 percent and inflation is reduced to 90 percent on annual average. At this parallel, financial and revenue politics, money and its value are controlled. The debts to foreign countries are decreased to 9.8 milliard dollars with precautions in 1994 and end of 1996.Financial balance are obtained again in the first months of 1995, reduced the inflation and also rate of interests to 72 percent.Rate of exchange (Leva/$) was 503 percent between Jan 1 and Feb 12,1997. Especially, that increasing was 20-percent/each day in Feb 1997.Rate of interest was 300 percent in Sep.1996. 14 Banks are bankrupted in that period. Bulgaria had been 1st of the world from inflation increasing speed of view.Inflation, devaluation, unemployment and also wages are on the lowest level in transition period in Bulgaria. Incoming per person is decreased 50 percent between 1989 and 1995.Annual criminal events are increased 3 times more after 1990. Money committee had formed by advice of IMF in Jul 1997. 1Deutsche Mark is indexed on 1 Leva.Qualified personnel with educationed on technical areas is a great potential force of Bulgarian economy.Bulgaria will be completed the transition period when it became to membership of European Union.

Kuraklık, küresel iklim değişikliği, biyoçeşitliliğin bozulması gibi nedenlerle artan gıda yetersizliği, günümüz dünyasında 821 milyondan fazla insanın yetersiz beslenme sorunu, 90 milyondan fazla çocuğun tehlikeli derecede zayıflık yaşamasına ve her yıl binlerce kişinin yoksulluğa bağlı nedenlerle ölmesine neden olmaktadır. Beslenme ihtiyacının insanoğlunun en önemli ve hayati ihtiyacı olması her ülkenin tarımsal üretime özel bir önem vermesine yol açmaktadır. Bu önemin farkında olan Avrupa ülkeleri günümüzde Avrupa Birliği (AB) olarak adlandırılan ekonomik ve siyasi entegrasyon hareketini başlatırken tarım sektörüne yönelik politikaları Ortak Tarım Politikaları (OTP) adı altında diğer tüm ekonomik faaliyetlerden ayrı bir politika alanı olarak ele almışlardır. Bu önemine istinaden AB'nin başlangıcından itibaren yaptığı bütçe harcamalarının ortalama olarak yarısından fazlası daima bu politikalara ayrılmıştır. AB'nin tarıma sağladığı bu korumacı ayrıcalık zaman içerisinde AB üyesi İspanya gibi birçok ülkeyi tarımsal üretim alanında dünyanın sayılı ülkeleri haline getirirken Polonya gibi yapısal sorunları çok fazla olan yeni üye ülkelerin de yapısal dönüşüm geçirerek tarımsal üretim ve verimliliklerini artırmasını sağlamıştır.Geçmişten bu yana dünyanın sayılı tarım ülkelerinden birisi olan Türkiye'de 1930'lardan itibaren tarım sektörünü destekleyen politikalar uygulamasına karşın değişen dünya koşulları ve 2000'lerde kronikleşen yapısal sorunlarına bağlı olarak ihracatçı kimliğini kaybetme noktasına gelmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar, Türk tarımının destekleme politikalarına rağmen gerilediğini buna karşın İspanya, Polonya, Litvanya, Letonya, Bulgaristan gibi ülkelerin ise OTP kaynakları ve reformları sayesinde tarımsal alanda önemli ilerlemeler kaydettiğini ortaya koymaktadır.Türk tarımının gerileme yaşadığı günümüzde AB üyeliğinin Türk tarımına önemli kazanımlar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Ancak öte yandan AB tarafı ise Türk tarımının OTP için ağır yüklere yol açacağını düşünerek bu noktada çekinceli hareket etmektedir. Bu araştırmada AB'nin en önemli ortak politikalarından birisi olan OTP ve Türkiye'deki mevcut tarımsal destekleme politikaları ile AB'nin OTP kapsamında İspanya ve Polonya'ya sağladığı tarımsal desteklerin etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma hipotezlerinde Türkiye'nin tarımda korumacı olup olmadığı, Türkiye'nin uyguladığı tarımsal desteklerin İspanya ve Polonya'ya sağlanan OTP destekleriyle kıyaslaması, Türkiye'nin üyeliğinin AB'ye bir ek yük getirip getirmeyeceği ve Türkiye'nin AB gıda güvenliğine ekstra bir katkı sağlayıp sağlamayacağı yönünde sorgulamalar yapılmıştır. Araştırmada Türkiye için veriler ilgili bakanlıklar ve resmi kurumların yayın ve raporlarından derlenirken Polonya ve İspanya ile ilgili veriler ise AB'nin ilgili kurumlarının yayın ve raporlarından derlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin tablo ve grafiklere dayalı olarak karşılaştırması yapılarak sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırmada elde edilen bulgular, Türk tarımının ileri sürüldüğü ölçüde desteklenmediğini, sektöre sağlanan tarımsal desteklerin OTP kapsamında İspanya ve Polonya tarımına sağlanan desteklerin çok altında olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bunun yanında AB'nin üyelere sağladığı OTP desteklerinin Türkiye'nin bütçeden tarıma ayırdığı desteklere göre çok yüksek olduğu ve AB üyeliği durumunda Türkiye'nin OTP'ye ek bir yük getirmeyeceği görülmektedir. Son olarak ise AB standartlarına göre çok daha düşük desteklemelerle hala dünyanın en önemli tarım ülkelerinden birisi olma özelliğini koruyan Türkiye'nin İspanya, Polonya gibi ülkelerin tarımına sağlanan kaynaklara kavuşması durumunda AB tarım arz güvenliği için en önemli ülkelerden birisi olabileceğini söylemek mümkündür. --- Drought, global climate change, the increase in inadequacy of nutrition because of such reasons like degradation of bio diversity, the problem of malnutrition of more than 821 million people in today's World have caused children, more than 90 million, to experience dangerous weakness and the death of thousands of people due to the reasons of poverty every year .As the most and essential need for humanbeing, Nutrition has caused the countries to attach particular importance to agricultural production. The European Countries,aware of this importance, deal with the policy toward agricultural sector under the name of Common Agricultural Policy , a policy area apart from all the other economic activities ,when initiating the economic and political integration movement called Europion Union (EU) today. Referring to this importance the EU has always allocated fund from the half of the bugdget,for these policies from the beginning. This protective policy of EU for agriculture, has provided the new member countries, which have too much structural problems like Poland, to increase agricultural output and productivity by having structural transformation, while it has made many EU member countries like Spain one of the few countries in the World,in the area of agricultural production.As one of the few agriculture countries of World from the history, Turkey has came to a losing point for exporting country identity, depending on the change of World conditions and the structural problems which have became chronic in 2000s, despite the practices of policies supporting the agriculture sector from 1930s. Reserches have revealed the Turkish Agriculture stands back despite the supportive policies, however, the countries like Spain,Lithuania, Latvia, Bulgaria have made majör progress in the area of agriculture thanks to the source of CAP(Common Agricultural Policy) and their reforms.It has been thought that EU membership will make important achievements to Turkish Agriculture. However, on the other side EU acts hesitatingly thinking the Turkish agriculture will give heavy-duty to CAP. In this research, it has been studied on the most important policies of EU called CAP and the effects of the agriculture supports the EU has provided to Spain and Poland as part of CAP with the existing agricultural supports in Turkey. On the hypothesis of research, It has been examined if Turkey is protectionist in agriculture or not the membership of Turkey will bring heavy duty to EU or not, Turkey will contribute to EU food safety or not, and the agricultural supports ,which Turkey performs, are enough campared to the CAP supports for Spain and Poland. İn the research, the data related to Poland and Spain has been compiled from the publishings and reports of relevant institutions of EU while it has been compiled from the publishings and reports of relevant ministry and government agencies for Turkey. It has been concluded by making comparisons of the obtained datas based on charts and graphics. Findings, obtained from this study have revealed that the Turkish Agriculture isn't supported as it is claimed, the Agricultural supports provided for the sector are for below the funds which the CAP intends for Spain and Poland. Besides, it has been seen that, the CAP supports, EU provides to the members are a lot more than the supports Turkey provides for the Agriculture and the membership of Turkey brings no special heavy duty to CAP. Consequently, It is possible to say that Turkey, which is one of the most important agriculture country in the World although there is far less support compared to EU standarts. Will be one of the most significant countries for the EU agriculture security of supply if it reaches the funds of the countries like Spain and Poland which are supported for agriculture.

Kuraklık, küresel iklim değişikliği, biyoçeşitliliğin bozulması gibi nedenlerle artan gıda yetersizliği, günümüz dünyasında 821 milyondan fazla insanın yetersiz beslenme sorunu, 90 milyondan fazla çocuğun tehlikeli derecede zayıflık yaşamasına ve her yıl binlerce kişinin yoksulluğa bağlı nedenlerle ölmesine neden olmaktadır. Beslenme ihtiyacının insanoğlunun en önemli ve hayati ihtiyacı olması her ülkenin tarımsal üretime özel bir önem vermesine yol açmaktadır. Bu önemin farkında olan Avrupa ülkeleri günümüzde Avrupa Birliği (AB) olarak adlandırılan ekonomik ve siyasi entegrasyon hareketini başlatırken tarım sektörüne yönelik politikaları Ortak Tarım Politikaları (OTP) adı altında diğer tüm ekonomik faaliyetlerden ayrı bir politika alanı olarak ele almışlardır. Bu önemine istinaden AB'nin başlangıcından itibaren yaptığı bütçe harcamalarının ortalama olarak yarısından fazlası daima bu politikalara ayrılmıştır. AB'nin tarıma sağladığı bu korumacı ayrıcalık zaman içerisinde AB üyesi İspanya gibi birçok ülkeyi tarımsal üretim alanında dünyanın sayılı ülkeleri haline getirirken Polonya gibi yapısal sorunları çok fazla olan yeni üye ülkelerin de yapısal dönüşüm geçirerek tarımsal üretim ve verimliliklerini artırmasını sağlamıştır. Geçmişten bu yana dünyanın sayılı tarım ülkelerinden birisi olan Türkiye'de 1930'lardan itibaren tarım sektörünü destekleyen politikalar uygulamasına karşın değişen dünya koşulları ve 2000'lerde kronikleşen yapısal sorunlarına bağlı olarak ihracatçı kimliğini kaybetme noktasına gelmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar, Türk tarımının destekleme politikalarına rağmen gerilediğini buna karşın İspanya, Polonya, Litvanya, Letonya, Bulgaristan gibi ülkelerin ise OTP kaynakları ve reformları sayesinde tarımsal alanda önemli ilerlemeler kaydettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Türk tarımının gerileme yaşadığı günümüzde AB üyeliğinin Türk tarımına önemli kazanımlar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Ancak öte yandan AB tarafı ise Türk tarımının OTP için ağır yüklere yol açacağını düşünerek bu noktada çekinceli hareket etmektedir. Bu araştırmada AB'nin en önemli ortak politikalarından birisi olan OTP ve Türkiye'deki mevcut tarımsal destekleme politikaları ile AB'nin OTP kapsamında İspanya ve Polonya'ya sağladığı tarımsal desteklerin etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma hipotezlerinde Türkiye'nin tarımda korumacı olup olmadığı, Türkiye'nin uyguladığı tarımsal desteklerin İspanya ve Polonya'ya sağlanan OTP destekleriyle kıyaslaması, Türkiye'nin üyeliğinin AB'ye bir ek yük getirip getirmeyeceği ve Türkiye'nin AB gıda güvenliğine ekstra bir katkı sağlayıp sağlamayacağı yönünde sorgulamalar yapılmıştır. Araştırmada Türkiye için veriler ilgili bakanlıklar ve resmi kurumların yayın ve raporlarından derlenirken Polonya ve İspanya ile ilgili veriler ise AB'nin ilgili kurumlarının yayın ve raporlarından derlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin tablo ve grafiklere dayalı olarak karşılaştırması yapılarak sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırmada elde edilen bulgular, Türk tarımının ileri sürüldüğü ölçüde desteklenmediğini, sektöre sağlanan tarımsal desteklerin OTP kapsamında İspanya ve Polonya tarımına sağlanan desteklerin çok altında olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bunun yanında AB'nin üyelere sağladığı OTP desteklerinin Türkiye'nin bütçeden tarıma ayırdığı desteklere göre çok yüksek olduğu ve AB üyeliği durumunda Türkiye'nin OTP'ye ek bir yük getirmeyeceği görülmektedir. Son olarak ise AB standartlarına göre çok daha düşük desteklemelerle hala dünyanın en önemli tarım ülkelerinden birisi olma özelliğini koruyan Türkiye'nin İspanya, Polonya gibi ülkelerin tarımına sağlanan kaynaklara kavuşması durumunda AB tarım arz güvenliği için en önemli ülkelerden birisi olabileceğini söylemek mümkündür. --- Drought, global climate change, the increase in inadequacy of nutrition because of such reasons like degradation of bio diversity, the problem of malnutrition of more than 821 million people in today's World have caused children, more than 90 million, to experience dangerous weakness and the death of thousands of people due to the reasons of poverty every year . As the most and essential need for humanbeing, Nutrition has caused the countries to attach particular importance to agricultural production. The European Countries,aware of this importance, deal with the policy toward agricultural sector under the name of Common Agricultural Policy , a policy area apart from all the other economic activities ,when initiating the economic and political integration movement called Europion Union (EU) today. Referring to this importance the EU has always allocated fund from the half of the bugdget,for these policies from the beginning. This protective policy of EU for agriculture, has provided the new member countries, which have too much structural problems like Poland, to increase agricultural output and productivity by having structural transformation, while it has made many EU member countries like Spain one of the few countries in the World,in the area of agricultural production. As one of the few agriculture countries of World from the history, Turkey has came to a losing point for exporting country identity, depending on the change of World conditions and the structural problems which have became chronic in 2000s, despite the practices of policies supporting the agriculture sector from 1930s. Reserches have revealed the Turkish Agriculture stands back despite the supportive policies, however, the countries like Spain,Lithuania, Latvia, Bulgaria have made majör progress in the area of agriculture thanks to the source of CAP(Common Agricultural Policy) and their reforms. It has been thought that EU membership will make important achievements to Turkish Agriculture. However, on the other side EU acts hesitatingly thinking the Turkish agriculture will give heavy-duty to CAP. In this research, it has been studied on the most important policies of EU called CAP and the effects of the agriculture supports the EU has provided to Spain and Poland as part of CAP with the existing agricultural supports in Turkey. On the hypothesis of research, It has been examined if Turkey is protectionist in agriculture or not the membership of Turkey will bring heavy duty to EU or not, Turkey will contribute to EU food safety or not, and the agricultural supports ,which Turkey performs, are enough campared to the CAP supports for Spain and Poland. İn the research, the data related to Poland and Spain has been compiled from the publishings and reports of relevant institutions of EU while it has been compiled from the publishings and reports of relevant ministry and government agencies for Turkey. It has been concluded by making comparisons of the obtained datas based on charts and graphics. Findings, obtained from this study have revealed that the Turkish Agriculture isn't supported as it is claimed, the Agricultural supports provided for the sector are for below the funds which the CAP intends for Spain and Poland. Besides, it has been seen that, the CAP supports, EU provides to the members are a lot more than the supports Turkey provides for the Agriculture and the membership of Turkey brings no special heavy duty to CAP. Consequently, It is possible to say that Turkey, which is one of the most important agriculture country in the World although there is far less support compared to EU standarts. Will be one of the most significant countries for the EU agriculture security of supply if it reaches the funds of the countries like Spain and Poland which are supported for agriculture.