Suchergebnisse

Presents a speech in Russia by the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN in which the number of starving or malnourished people in the world is roughly 1 billion people, and rising. Across the board, funding for agricultural relief is down, whereas it constitutes 70 percent of the economy for the world's poor. Provides explanations of some of the reasons for and solutions to this world calamity. Further, answers numerous questions asked by those in attendance of the conference, such as how the climate catastrophe may influence agriculture. Adapted from the source document.

The concept of food security applies in both poor and rich societies and concerns the steady availability of food in the right quantity and quality, at the right price. Globally, policies to assure it remain confused and world food prices are rising. Despite large exports of fish, Iceland produces only around half of its inhabitants' nutritional needs and relies significantly on imports, also for food production inputs like fodder and seeds. Icelandic supplies are affected by oligopoly in the retail market, and could be put at risk by events in other security dimensions ranging from natural disasters and infrastructure failures to terrorism, neighbouring conflicts and other people's shortages. Icelandic farmers have used the terminology of 'food security' to press their claims for more home-grown production, and more recently also in their campaign against EU membership. The general public however shows little sign of security-awareness in this field. The government possesses suitable non-military security frameworks to address food-related risks and has initiated useful, general and specific, studies. Yet it has not developed a strategy or contingency plan for food security, even following the lessons of the 2008 economic crash and 2010-2011 eruptions. Suitable remedies would include larger emergency stocks and a range of measures to reduce vulnerability and improve resilience in crises. Above all, Iceland needs a balanced and open policy-making process to decide what its general future strategy should be as a food-producing and -importing nation. Food security could then be more precisely defined and pursued with the aim of minimizing threats and risks to that agreed vision.

In this article, the author has analyzed what types of food security policies need to be develop and implement depending on the dimensions of food security in order to improve the situation of food security. Improving the current situation regarding the food security is a dilemma not only related to the national level of a country but also worldwide. The consequences of economic growth and the level of globalization for some countries have been quite impressive, especially for industrial countries, but not for developing and emerging countries. The European Community together with such organizations as the UN and the FAO have come up with quite impressive policies on improving food security, namely the four specific dimensions: insurance, access, use and stability. The main directions of improvement for each food security policy has been analyzed by the author at the level of the country of the Europe and Central Asia region. The scientific methods used by the author are: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, history and logic. As a result of research, we find that regardless of the level of development of the country, the state must pay particular attention to the development of such a direction as: increasing the volume of domestic food production, facilitating food imports in the country, creating jobs.

Front Cover -- Food Security and Nutrition -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- 1 Leveraging nutrition for food security: the integration of nutrition in the four pillars of food security -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Food security and nutrition: definitions, indicators, and prevalence -- 1.2.1 Food security: definition, indicators, and prevalence -- 1.2.1.1 Definition -- 1.2.1.2 Indicators of food security -- 1.2.1.3 Prevalence of food security -- 1.2.2 Malnutrition: definition, indicators, and prevalence -- 1.2.2.1 Definition -- 1.2.2.2 Indicators and prevalence of malnutrition -- 1.2.3 The burden of global food insecurity and malnutrition -- 1.3 Food insecurity and malnutrition coexist: correlations and causalities -- 1.3.1 The conceptual link between food security and nutrition -- 1.3.2 Food insecurity correlates with undernutrition -- 1.3.3 Food insecurity correlates with overweight and obesity -- 1.3.4 Food insecurity correlates with multiple forms of malnutrition -- 1.4 Integrating nutrition in all pillars of food security -- 1.4.1 Availability: nutrition and agri-food production -- 1.4.2 Access: nutritional considerations in access to food -- 1.4.3 Utilization: nutritional adequacy and safety of food -- 1.4.4 Stability: conflict, environmental crises, and economic shocks -- 1.4.4.1 Conflict -- 1.4.4.2 Environmental crises -- 1.4.4.3 Economic shocks -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Transition toward sustainable food systems: a holistic pathway toward sustainable development -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Sustainable food systems -- 2.3 Transforming food systems is the key to ending poverty, hunger, and malnutrition: people -- 2.3.1 Toward optimal health and nutrition -- 2.3.2 A path toward a poverty-free society -- 2.3.3 Closing the gender gap in agriculture -- 2.4 Safeguarding our planet for future generations: planet.